GATE Syllabus for Biotechnology (BT): Download Syllabus with Weightage PDF, Check Exam Pattern and GATE BT Marking Scheme

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Bhaskar Das

Study Abroad Specialist | Updated on - Jul 31, 2025

IIT Guwahati will conduct the GATE Biotechnology Exam 2026 tentatively in the first and second weekends of February 2026. GATE Biotechnology syllabus 2026 is not yet released on the official website. However, it is expected that the GATE syllabus for Biotechnology will remain same as previous year. The GATE syllabus for biotechnology will be released on the official website at gate.iitr.ac.in. The GATE BT syllabus is divided into three parts:

  • General Aptitude (15% weightage)
  • Engineering Mathematics (13% weightage)
  • Core Discipline (which in this case will be Biotechnology or BT) (72% weightage)
GATE BT Syllabus


The GATE BT Syllabus 2026 outlines the topic-wise details of all subjects that may appear in the exam. The GATE Biotechnology Syllabus includes topics such as

  • Engineering mathematics
  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular and Cell Biology
  • Engineering principles applied to biological systems

Biotechnology engineering is used in many industries, such as healthcare, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, etc. The GATE exam is expected to be conducted in February, with registrations starting in August 2025. While the syllabus can be covered in a minimum of six months, however, it is always recommended to start early preparation.

Biotech GATE Syllabus PDF
General Aptitude Syllabus Download PDF
Engineering Mathematics + Biotechnology Syllabus Download PDF

Also Read

GATE BT Subject Wise Weightage

GATE BT Syllabus consists of the GATE exam Biotechnology syllabus, sections, questions and many more. In this article GATE Biotechnology Syllabus, we have includes:

  • Section Wise GATE Biotechnology Syllabus, all seven sections along with sub-topics
  • GATE BT Syllabus subject wise marks weightage and approximate marks. 
  • GATE BT Syllabus along with the exam pattern, marking scheme and number of questions
  • We have also included GATE books and Tips for preparation. 

GATE BT Syllabus: Subject Wise Marks Weightage

The GATE exam syllabus for biotechnology includes various sections. Knowing each and every section along with the GATE biotech exam pattern is important to understand how many questions you can get from each section. 

Sections Number of Questions Approximate Marks
Engineering Mathematics 8–9 11–13
General Biology 10–15 15–25
Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology 10–15 15–25
Fundamentals of Biological Engineering 4–5 5–10
Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology 5–10 10–15
Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology 6–8 8–12
Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology 10–15 15–25

Also Read

What is the weightage of GATE Biotechnology syllabus 2025?

We have shared the number of questions and marks allotted as per previous year questions. You can check the video by Vedemy which explains the GATE BT syllabus in details along with the preparation strategies. 

GATE BT Highlights

GATE BT Syllabus Highlights

The GATE Biotechnology Syllabus contains multiple types of questions like MCQ, MSQ and NAT. Some other key features of GATE syllabus for biotechnology are:

Biotechnology Paper Code BT
Exam Mode Online
Total Marks 100
Number of Questions 65
Types of Questions MCQs, MSQs, and NAT
Number of Sections General Aptitude (GA) + Candidate's Selected Subjects
Weightage by Section

Section I :
General Aptitude – 15% of total marks

Section II :
Engineering Mathematics – 13% of total marks
Biotechnology Subjects – 72% of total marks

Total Time Duration 3 hours (180 minutes)

GATE BT Important Sections

Also Read

Biotech GATE Syllabus: Important Sections to Note

There are multiple sections in GATE exam syllabus for biotechnology. The section wise GATE biotechnology syllabus are mentioned below:

Section I - Engineering Mathematics

Topics

Sub-Topics

Linear Algebra

Matrices and Determinants | Systems of Linear Equations | Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

Calculus

Limits | Continuity and Differentiability | Partial Derivatives | Maxima and Minima | Sequences and Series | Test for Convergence

Differential Equations

Linear and Non-Linear First Order ODEs | Higher Order ODEs with constant coefficients | Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations | Laplace Transforms

Probability and Statistics

Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation | Random Variables | Poisson, Normal, and Binomial Distributions | Correlation and Regression Analysis

Numerical Methods

Solution of Linear and Non-Linear Algebraic Equations | Integration by Trapezoidal and Simpson’s Rule | Single-Step Method for Differential Equations 

Section II - General Biology

Topics

Sub-Topics

Biochemistry

Biomolecules - structure and function | Biological membranes - structure, membrane channels and pumps | Molecular motors | Action Potential and Transport Processes | Enzymes- Classification, Catalytic and Regulatory Strategies | Enzyme Kinetics - Michaelis - Menten Equation | Enzyme Inhibition - Competitive, Non-Competitive and Uncompetitive Inhibition

Microbiology

Bacterial Classification and Diversity | Microbiological Ecology - Microbes in Marine, Fresh water and Terrestrial ecosystems | Viruses - Structure and Classification | Methods in Microbiology | Microbial Growth and Nutrition | Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance

Immunology

Innate and Adaptive Immunity | Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity | Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs | Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody | Immunization and Vaccines

Section III - Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology

Topics

Sub-Topics

Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Mendelian Inheritance | Gene Interaction | Extra Chromosomal Inheritance | Genetic Disorders | Genetic Drift | Species and Speciation | Recombination and Chromosome Mapping

Cell Biology

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure | Cell Cycle and Cell Growth Control | Cell Signalling and Signal Transduction | Extra-Cellular Matrix

Molecular Biology

Molecular Structure of Genes and Chromosomes | Mutations and Mutagenesis | Non-Coding and Micro RNA | DNA Damage and Repair

Section IV - Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Topics

Sub-Topics

Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems

Material and Energy Balances for reactive and non-reactive systems | Recycle, Bypass, and Purge process | Degree of Reduction | Electron Balance and Theoretical Oxygen Demand

Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics

Laws of Thermodynamics | Solution Thermodynamics | Phase Equilibria | Reaction Equilibria | Legend Binding | Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

Transport Processes

Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids | Fluid Flow - Laminar and Turbulent | Molecular Diffusion and Film Theory | Conductive and Convective Heat Transfer | LMTD | Heat Exchangers

Section V - Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Topics

Sub-Topics

Bioreaction Engineering

Rate Law | Zero and First Order Kinetics | Ideal Reactors - Batch, Mixed Flow, and Plug Flow | Enzyme Immobilization | Kinetics of Cell Growth | Batch | Fed-Batch and Continuous Processes | Microbial and Enzyme Reactors | Optimization and Scale-Up

Upstream and Downstream Processing

Media Formulation and Optimization | Sterilization of Air and Media | Filtration - Membrane filtration | Cell Disruption | Extraction, Absorption, and Drying

Instrumentation and Process Control

Pressure | Temperature and Flow Measurement Devices | First order and Second order systems | Feedback and Feed Forward Control | Types of Controllers - Proportional, Derivative, and Integral Control, Tuning of Controllers

Section VI - Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology

Topics

Sub-Topics

Plants

Totipotency | Regeneration of Plants | Tissue Culture and Cell Suspension Culture System | Hairy Root Culture | Plant Products of Industrial Importance | Protoplast | Transgenic Plants - Direct and Indirect Methods of gene transfer Techniques | Selection Marker and Reporter Gene | Plastid Transformation

Animals

Culture media composition and growth conditions | Animal Cell and Tissue Preservation | Kinetics of Cell Growth | Hybridoma Technology | Stem cell technology | Animal Cloning

Microbes

Production of Biomass and Primary/Secondary Metabolites - Biofuels, Bioplastics, Industrial Enzymes | Clinical, Food, and Industrial Microbiology | Screening Strategies for new products

Section VII - Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Topics

Sub-Topics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Restriction and Modification Enzymes | Ti Plasmid, Bacterial, and Yeast Artificial Chromosomes | Expression Vectors | Gene Isolation and Cloning | Transposons and Gene Targeting

Molecular Tools

Polymerase Chain Reaction | DNA/RNA labelling and sequencing | DNA fingerprinting | Site-directed mutagenesis | Biosensing and Biosensors

Analytical Tools

Principles of microscopy - light, electron, fluorescent and confocal | Electrophoresis | Immunoblotting | Flow Cytometry | Whole genome and CHIP sequencing

Computational Tools

Bioinformatics resources and search tools | Sequence and Structure Databases | Genomics | Proteomics | Metabolomics | Gene Prediction | Metagenomics | Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology

Also Read

GATE BT Syllabus Exam Pattern 2026

Biotech GATE syllabus helps in understanding the pattern of questions, sectional timing, and topic-wise weightage of marks. In addition to downloading the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026 PDF, you must also understand the key points of the BT exam pattern listed below:

The GATE Biotechnology paper consists of three types of questions: multiple-type questions (MCQs), multiple-select questions (MSQs), and numerical-answer type (NAT) questions.

  • You must answer a total of 65 questions, primarily based on the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026.
  • The exam duration is going to be 3 hours.
  • The question will be divided into two sections: engineering mathematics and core biotechnology subjects

Question Types:

  • MCQ: Multiple Choice Questions (1 or 2 marks)
  • MSQ: Multiple Select Questions (1 or 2 marks)
  • NAT: Numerical Answer Type (1 or 2 marks) 

Marking Scheme:

  • General Aptitude: 15 marks (5 x 1 mark + 5 x 2 marks) 
  • Engineering Mathematics: 13 marks 
  • Subject Questions: 72 marks (25 x 1 mark + 30 x 2 marks) 
  • Negative Marking: Applicable for incorrect answers in MCQs (1/3 for 1-mark MCQ, 2/3 for 2-mark MCQ). 

GATE BT Preparation Tips

Tips to Crack GATE BT Syllabus 2026

Candidates who are preparing for the GATE Biotechnology exam definitely need a strategic approach to ace GATE BT 2025. Here are some valuable tips from the top rankers that can help you succeed:

  • Use Previous Year Book (Geetha): Try to solve the previous year's question paper a minimum of three times as follows : At first, try to solve every question while reading the subject for the first time. The second time, solve the book during revision. Finally, focus on star-marked questions. If time permits, solve the entire book again.
  • Supplementary Workbooks: Candidates can solve the supplementary workbooks such as Solve Made Easy Workbook first as it has a good collection of questions. If possible to get along the tougher side of the question, also solve Bits and Bytes.
  • Make Short Notes: Try to Include all necessary formulas, concepts, and unit conversions in your notes, and remember to update them regularly as you study.
  • Practice with a Stopwatch: Gate Toppers always prefer to time themselves to build speed and accuracy, crucial for exams like CIL, ISRO, BARC, ESE, SSC JE, and NLC. Although GATE provides sufficient time, other exams do not.
  • Limit Textbook Reading: GATE BT Aspirants shouldn’t rely heavily on standard textbooks unless necessary. Avoid lengthy textbook questions not relevant to GATE.
  • Complete Test Series: After completion of revision start the test series in July. Give part tests after the first revision. Follow with subject-wise and multi-subject tests after the second revision. Begin full-length tests from December, aiming for 20-30 FLTs.

GATE BT Previous Year Question Papers

GATE BT Syllabus: Previous Year Question Papers

We have provided the question papers for GATE biotechnology for the last 6 years. You can refer these questions to understand biotech GATE syllabus more deeply and practice new questions. 

Session Question Paper PDF
2025 Check Here
2024 Check Here
2023 Check Here
2022 Check Here
2021 Check Here
2020 Check Here

GATE BT Books

GATE BT Syllabus: Books to Refer

Some of the most important books which will help you prepare for GATE along with their publishers are:

Books Publishers/ Authors
Principles of Biochemistry Lehninger
Molecular Cell Biology Iodish and Baltimore
Biotechnology Pranav Kumar
GATE General Aptitude and Mathematics GK publishers
Immunology Kuby
Gene Cloning and DNA analysis T.A Brown
Bioprocess Engineering Principles P.Doran
Advanced Engineering Mathematics Erwin Kreyszig
Plant Biotech Slater
High School English Grammar Wren and Martin
A Modern Approach to Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning R.S. Aggarwal
How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude Arun Sharma
Previous Year Books Made Easy Workbook or Bits And Bytes or Both

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Ques. When will the official syllabus for GATE BT will be declared by IIT Roorkee?

Ans. GATE Syllabus of the year 2025 has been released on the official website of gate2025.iitr.ac.in on July 1, 2024.

Ques. How much time is required to cover the entire GATE Syllabus for BT in 2025?

Ans. On Average, candidates take at least 6 months to complete the GATE Syllabus for BT. It is always advisable to start the preparation a bit early, that will help aspirants in revising the syllabus prior to the examination.


*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.

GATE 2025 : 6 Answered Questions

Ques. What are the cut off marks in gate for iit indore?

IIT Indore GATE Cutoss 2023 has not been released officially IIT Kanpur will release the GATE 2023 cutoff for IIT Indore Students having valid GATE scores from 2023, 2022, or 2021 will be eligible for admission to MTech courses. Considering the IIT Indore GATE cutoff for 2021, The overall cutoff for GATE is 615 - 740 marks. Here is the branch-wise cutoff M.Tech Material Science and Engineering 615 M.Tech Communication and Signal Processing 657 M.Tech VLSI Design and Nanoelectronics 670 M.Tech Production & Industrial Engineering 740 Please note that the above cutoff is only for the general category....Read More
Answer By Jyoti Chopra 17 Jun 23
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Ques. How much GATE Score is needed to get selected in NIT Srinagar for M.Tech in Civil Engineering?

Your necessary GATE score for admission to NIT Srinagar's M.Tech programme in civil engineering is determined by the counselling round and your civil engineering specialisation (structural, geotechnical, water resources, etc.). For  2025 , the  GATE cutoff (Round 1, General category) for key Civil Engineering specializations  at NIT Srinagar is as follows: Specialization Opening Rank Closing Rank (2025, Round 1) Structural Engineering 442 543 Geotechnical Engineering 382 539 Water Resources Engineering 378 520 You need a  GATE CCMT rank within the range of 378–543  (for Round 1, General category) to get selected for M.Tech in Civil Engineering specializations at NIT Srinagar in 2025. ...Read More
Answer By Vinima Bhola 26 Jun 25
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Ques. Is it possible to get into IIT Tirupati just by the GATE qualifying marks?

Yes, it may be possible. Here are the reasons why- IIT Tirupati is a very new IIT, established in 2015. It is not well known currently, especially in North India.  It releases its applications quite early. Its MS and Phd. batches started only a few years ago, so those with better scores will prefer NITs over IIT Tirupati. The cutoff for MS is also low in IIT Madras because very few students are interested in pursuing the course. Ultimately, the number of applicants and the interview round will decide your fate. ...Read More
Answer By Divya Saraf 11 Jan 24
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Ques. Can Longterm students apply gitam gate exam?

Verify your eligibility for your desired course on the GITAM website or get in touch with the admissions office directly if you are a "longterm student"—that is, if you finished your qualifying exam several years ago. Unless otherwise noted, most programmes do not specifically exclude long-term students. Student Type Eligible for GITAM GAT? Notes/Clarification Appearing in the current year Yes For example, 12th in 2025 or graduation in 2025 Passed in the previous year Usually Yes No explicit gap year limit for most courses Long-term gap (many years) Check course-wise criteria No strict age/gap limit, but confirm for each program Yes, long-term students can generally apply for the GITAM GAT (GITAM Admission Test) exam, provided they meet the eligibility criteria for the specific course they are interested in....Read More
Answer By Vinima Bhola 23 Jun 25
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Ques. My son has scored 42.33 marks in GATE (CSE). Could you please suggest which IITs, NITs, or IIITs he might be eligible for an M.Tech in Computer Science?

With a GATE 2025 score of 42.33 marks in Computer Science, your son has comfortably crossed the General category qualifying cut-off mark of 29.2 marks and can be eligible for admission into a number of top institutes in India. Here is a quick analysis of where he stands and the options that actually confront him: Admission Possibilities Institute Type Chance for Admission in CSE Top IITs (Bombay, Delhi, Kanpur, etc.) Unlikely, as cutoffs are usually 55–65+ marks Newer IITs (Jodhpur, Patna, Dhanbad, etc.) Possible in later rounds or for allied CSE branches Top NITs (Trichy, Warangal, Surathkal) Competitive, but admission more likely in later rounds or for specializations like information security and data science. Mid/Lower NITs Good chance for direct admission in CSE Top IIITs (Allahabad, Gwalior, Jabalpur) Competitive; possible depending on the round and specialization Other IIITs Good chances for CSE or related programs Recommendations: Apply through COAP (for IITs) and CCMT (for NITs/IIITs). Keep looking for related fields like Data Science, Cybersecurity, or Information Technology, which may have slightly lower cutoffs. And take all rounds of counseling, including spot rounds, as cutoff trends fluctuate every year. Also visit state universities and centrally funded colleges that accept GATE scores. Your son is rightly positioned for M.Tech admissions in all NITs, IIITs, and new IITs. CSE and this score will not make the top 5 IITs feasible, but there are plenty of good colleges where he can build a strong academic and professional life. Wishing your son best of luck for future admissions....Read More
Answer By Muskan Agrahari 24 Jun 25
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Fees Structure

Structure based on different categories

CategoriesState
General1800
Women900
sc900
pwd900

Note: GATE 2024 Application Fee needs to be paid online through net banking or debit card or credit card facilities. Additional charges will be applicable as per the rule of the bank from where the money is being transferred. This charge will be specified on the payment portal.

In case of any inaccuracy, Notify Us! 

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