GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences- Sociology Question Paper PDF with Answer Key and Solutions PDF(Available)- Download Here

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Shivam Yadav

Updated on - Nov 13, 2025

GATE 2023 Humanities and Social Sciences – Sociology (XH-C6) Question Paper PDF is available here for download. IIT Kanpur conducted GATE 2023 Humanities and Social Sciences – Sociology (XH-C6) exam on February 5, 2023 in the Forenoon Session from 09:30 AM to 12:30 PM. Students have to answer 65 questions in GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences Sociology Question Paper carrying a total weightage of 100 marks. 10 questions are from the General Aptitude section and 55 questions are from Core Discipline.

GATE 2023 Humanities and Social Sciences – Sociology (XH-C6) Question Paper with Solutions PDF

GATE 2023 Humanities and Social Sciences – Sociology (XH-C6) Question Paper with Solutions download iconDownload Check Solutions
GATE 2023 Humanities and Social Sciences – Sociology (XH-C6) Question Paper with Solutions

Question 1:

Rafi told Mary, “I am thinking of watching a film this weekend.”
The following reports the above statement in indirect speech:
Rafi told Mary that he ______ of watching a film that weekend.

  • (A) thought
  • (B) is thinking
  • (C) am thinking
  • (D) was thinking

Question 2:

Permit : ______ :: Enforce : Relax \quad (By word meaning)

  • (A) Allow
  • (B) Forbid
  • (C) License
  • (D) Reinforce

Question 3:

Given a fair six-faced dice where the faces are labelled ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, and ‘6’, what is the probability of getting a ‘1’ on the first roll of the dice and a ‘4’ on the second roll?

  • (A) \(\dfrac{1}{36}\)
  • (B) \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)
  • (C) \(\dfrac{5}{6}\)
  • (D) \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Question 4:

A recent survey shows that 65% of tobacco users were advised to stop consuming tobacco. The survey also shows that 3 out of 10 tobacco users attempted to stop using tobacco.

Based only on the information in the above passage, which one of the following options can be logically inferred with certainty?

  • (A) A majority of tobacco users who were advised to stop consuming tobacco made an attempt to do so.
  • (B) A majority of tobacco users who were advised to stop consuming tobacco did not attempt to do so.
  • (C) Approximately 30% of tobacco users successfully stopped consuming tobacco.
  • (D) Approximately 65% of tobacco users successfully stopped consuming tobacco.

Question 5:

How many triangles are present in the given figure?

  • (A) 12
  • (B) 16
  • (C) 20
  • (D) 24

Question 6:

Students of all the departments of a college who have successfully completed the registration process are eligible to vote in the upcoming college elections. By the due date, \emph{none} of the students from the Department of Human Sciences had completed the registration process. Which set(s) of statements can be inferred with certainty?

(i) All those students who would not be eligible to vote would certainly belong to the Department of Human Sciences.

(ii) None of the students from departments other than Human Sciences failed to complete the registration process within the due time.

(iii) All the eligible voters would certainly be students who are not from the Department of Human Sciences.

  • (A) (i) and (ii)
  • (B) (i) and (iii)
  • (C) only (i)
  • (D) only (iii)

Question 7:

Which one of the following options represents the given graph?

  • (A) \(f(x)=x^2\,2^{-|x|}\)
  • (B) \(f(x)=x\,2^{-|x|}\)
  • (C) \(f(x)=|x|\,2^{-x}\)
  • (D) \(f(x)=x\,2^{-x}\)

Question 8:

Which one of the options does NOT describe the passage below or follow from it?

Passage:
We tend to think of cancer as a ‘modern’ illness because its metaphors are so modern. It is a disease of overproduction, of sudden growth, a growth that is unstoppable, tipped into the abyss of no control. Modern cell biology encourages us to imagine the cell as a molecular machine. Cancer is that machine unable to quench its initial command (to grow) and thus transform into an indestructible, self-propelled automaton.

  • (A) It is a reflection of why cancer seems so modern to most of us.
  • (B) It tells us that modern cell biology uses and promotes metaphors of machinery.
  • (C) Modern cell biology encourages metaphors of machinery, and cancer is often imagined as a machine.
  • (D) Modern cell biology never uses figurative language, such as metaphors, to describe or explain anything.

Question 9:

The digit in the unit’s place of the product \(3^{999}\times 7^{1000}\) is ______.

  • (A) 7
  • (B) 1
  • (C) 3
  • (D) 9

Question 10:

A square with sides of length \(6\,cm\) is given. The boundary of the shaded region is defined by two semi-circles whose diameters are the sides of the square, as shown. The area of the shaded region is ______ \(cm^2\).

  • (A) \(6\pi\)
  • (B) \(18\)
  • (C) \(20\)
  • (D) \(9\pi\)

Question 11:

Which word below best describes the idea of being both Spineless and Cowardly?

  • (A) Pusillanimous
  • (B) Unctuous
  • (C) Obsequious
  • (D) Reticent

Question 12:

Choose the right preposition to fill up the blank:
The whole family got together ___ Diwali

  • (A) of
  • (B) at
  • (C) in
  • (D) till

Question 13:

Select the correct option to fill in all the blanks to complete the passage:

The (i)______ factor amid this turbulence has been the (ii)______ of high-octane, action-oriented films such as RRR, K.G.F: Chapter 2 and Pushpa from film industries in the south of the country. Traditionally, films made in the south have done well in their own (iii)______. But increasingly, their dubbed versions have performed well in the Hindi heartland, with collections (iv)______ those of their Bollywood counterparts.

  • (A) (i) disheartening \quad (ii) failure \quad (iii) channels \quad (iv) matching
  • (B) (i) redeeming \quad (ii) outperformance \quad (iii) geographies \quad (iv) eclipsing
  • (C) (i) shocking \quad (ii) underperformance \quad (iii) cinemas \quad (iv) below
  • (D) (i) humbling \quad (ii) bombing \quad (iii) theatres \quad (iv) falling behind

Question 14:

The following passage consists of 6 sentences. The first and sixth sentences of the passage are at their correct positions, while the middle four sentences (represented by 2, 3, 4, and 5) are jumbled up.

Choose the correct sequence of the sentences so that they form a coherent paragraph:

1. Most obviously, mobility is taken to be a geographical as well as a social phenomenon.

2. Much of the social mobility literature regarded society as a uniform surface and failed to register the geographical intersections of region, city and place, with the social categories of class, gender and ethnicity.

3. The existing sociology of migration is incidentally far too limited in its concerns to be very useful here.

4. Further, I am concerned with the flows of people within, but especially beyond, the territory of each society, and how these flows may relate to many different desires, for work, housing, leisure, religion, family relationships, criminal gain, asylum seeking and so on.

5. Moreover, not only people are mobile but so too are many ‘objects’.

6. I show that sociology’s recent development of a ‘sociology of objects’ needs to be taken further and that the diverse flows of objects across societal borders and their intersections with the multiple flows of people are hugely significant.

  • (A) 3, 2, 5, 4
  • (B) 2, 3, 4, 5
  • (C) 5, 4, 3, 2
  • (D) 4, 2, 5, 3

Question 15:

The population of a country increased by 5% from 2020 to 2021. Then, the population decreased by 5% from 2021 to 2022. By what percentage did the population change from 2020 to 2022?

  • (A) -0.25%
  • (B) 0%
  • (C) 2.5%
  • (D) 10.25%

Question 16:

The words {Thin: Slim: Slender} are related in some way. Identify the correct option(s) that reflect(s) the same relationship:

  • (A) Fat: Plump: Voluptuous
  • (B) Short: Small: Petite
  • (C) Tall: Taller: Tallest
  • (D) Fair: Dark: Wheatish

Question 17:

A pandemic like situation hit the country last year, resulting in loss of human life and economic depression. To improve the condition of its citizens, the government made a series of emergency medical interventions and increased spending to revive the economy. In both these efforts, district administration authorities were actively involved.

Which of the following action(s) are plausible?

  • (A) In future, the government can make district administration authorities responsible for protecting health of citizens and reviving the economy.
  • (B) The government may set up a task force to review the post pandemic situation and ascertain the effectiveness of the measures taken.
  • (C) The government may set up a committee to formulate a pandemic management program to minimize losses to life and economy in future.
  • (D) The government may take population control measures to minimize pandemic related losses in future.

Question 18:

Six students, Arif (Ar), Balwinder (Bw), Chintu (Ct), David (Dv), Emon (Em) and Fulmoni (Fu) appeared in GATE–XH (2022).
Bw scores less than Ct in XH–B1, but more than Ar in XH–C1.
Dv scores more than Bw in XH–C1, and more than Ct in XH–B1.
Em scores less than Dv, but more than Fu in XH–B1.
Fu scores more than Dv in XH–C1.
Ar scores less than Em, but more than Fu in XH–B1.
Who scores highest in XH–B1?

  • (A) Fulmoni
  • (B) Emon
  • (C) David
  • (D) Chintu

Question 19:

Select the correct relation between \(E\) and \(F\). \quad \(E=\dfrac{x}{1+x}\) \; and \; \(F=\dfrac{-x}{\,1-x\,}\), \; with \(x>1\).

  • (A) \(E>F\)
  • (B) \(E
  • (C) \(E=F\)
  • (D) \(E<-F\)

Question 20:

A code language is formulated thus:

Vowels in the original word are replaced by the next vowel from the list of vowels, A-E-I-O-U (For example, E is replaced by I and U is replaced by A). Consonants in the original word are replaced by the previous consonant (For example, T is replaced by S and V is replaced by T).

Then how does the word, GOODMORNING appear in the coded language?

  • (A) HUUFNUSPOPH
  • (B) FIICLIQMEMF
  • (C) FUUCLUQMOMF
  • (D) HEEDATTACRH

Question 21:

The stranger is by nature no "owner of soil" -- soil not only in the physical, but also in the figurative sense of a life-substance, which is fixed, if not in a point in space, at least in an ideal point of the social environment. Although in more intimate relations, he may develop all kinds of charm and significance, as long as he is considered a stranger in the eyes of the other, he is not an "owner of soil." Restriction to intermediary trade, and often (as though sublimated from it) to pure finance, gives him the specific character of mobility. If mobility takes place within a closed group, it embodies that synthesis of nearness and distance which constitutes the formal position of the stranger. For, the fundamentally mobile person comes in contact, at one time or another, with every individual, but is not organically connected, through established ties of kinship, locality, and occupation, with any single one.

What assumptions can be made about the stranger from the passage above?

  • (A) The stranger can become an owner of soil through developing all kinds of charm in more intimate relations.
  • (B) The stranger cannot become an owner of soil either in the physical or psychological sense.
  • (C) The stranger can become an owner of soil through establishing ties of kinship and so on.
  • (D) The stranger might become an owner of soil in the physical sense but not in the psychological.

Question 22:

L is the only son of A and S. S has one sibling, B, who is married to L’s aunt, K. B is the only son of D. How are L and D related? Select the possible option(s):

  • (A) Grandchild and Paternal Grandfather
  • (B) Grandchild and Maternal Grandfather
  • (C) Grandchild and Paternal Grandmother
  • (D) Grandchild and Maternal Grandmother

Question 23:

The following segments of a sentence are given in jumbled order. The first and last segments (1 and 5) are in their correct positions, while the middle three segments (represented by 2, 3, and 4) are jumbled up. Choose the correct order of the segments so that they form a coherent sentence:

1. Consumed multitudes are jostling and shoving inside me

2. and guided only by the memory of a large white bedsheet with a roughly circular hole some seven inches in diameter cut into the center,

3. clutching at the dream of that holey, mutilated square of linen, which is my
talisman, my open-sesame,

4. I must commence the business of remaking my life from the point at which
it really began,

5. some thirty-two years before anything as obvious, as present, as my clockridden, crime-stained birth.

  • (A) 2 – 3 – 4
  • (B) 3 – 2 – 4
  • (C) 4 – 2 – 3
  • (D) 4 – 3 – 2

Question 24:

“I told you the truth,” I say yet again, “Memory’s truth, because memory has its own special kind. It selects, eliminates, alters, exaggerates, minimizes, glorifies, and vilifies also; but in the end it creates its own reality, its heterogeneous but usually coherent versions of events; and no sane human being ever trusts someone else’s version more than his own.”

What are the different ways in which ‘truth’ can be understood from the passage?

  • (A) Truth is what can be verified by hard empirical evidence.
  • (B) Truth is based on what can be perceived by the senses.
  • (C) Truth is the product of memory that is fallible, selective and slanted.
  • (D) Truth is contingent on the observer and can only be partial.

Question 25:

A firm needs both skilled labour and unskilled labour. Skilled wage = Rs. 40{,}000 per month; unskilled wage = Rs. 15{,}000 per month. The total wage bill for 100 labourers is Rs. 23{,}75{,}000 in a month. How many skilled labour are employed? \emph{(in Integer)}


Question 26:

Select the odd word and write the option number as answer:

  • (A) Lek
  • (B) Zloty
  • (C) Diner
  • (D) Drachma
  • (E) Real

Question 27:

__________ has given the concept of `thick description'.

  • (A) Emile Durkheim
  • (B) Clifford Geertz
  • (C) Louis Dumont
  • (D) Talcott Parsons

Question 28:

Objectivity in social science research as a matter of transpersonal replicability entails ____________.

  • (A) Merciless elimination of personal biases
  • (B) Allocation of costs and benefits to parties be made on normative standards
  • (C) Basic honesty in application of professional norms of research
  • (D) Reproducibility of findings of research under similar conditions and methods

Question 29:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hypothesis?

  • (A) A shrewd hunch suggestive of a possible solution to a problem
  • (B) A causal relationship between two/more variables
  • (C) An empirical conclusion foregone
  • (D) A theoretically derived statement that denies refutability

Question 30:

________________ theory most appropriately describes a hierarchy of wealthy ‘core’ nations, poor ‘periphery’ nations, and a middle group of ‘semi-periphery’ nations.

  • (A) Globalization
  • (B) Stages of growth
  • (C) World systems
  • (D) Limits to growth

Question 31:

In Hindu society, marriage of a widow to the husband’s brother is referred to as ____________.

  • (A) Polygyny
  • (B) Endogamy
  • (C) Levirate
  • (D) Polyandry

Question 32:

Because of Covid-19 lockdown, many working-class people lost jobs and prices rose, worsening their economic condition. Which concept of Karl Marx best describes this ‘increasing impoverishment’ of the poor in contemporary times?

  • (A) Alienation
  • (B) Commodity fetishism
  • (C) Pauperization
  • (D) Embourgeoisement

Question 33:

__________ coined the term, ‘ethnocentrism’.

  • (A) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
  • (B) Bronislaw Malinowski
  • (C) W.G. Sumner
  • (D) Harold Garfinkel

Question 34:

Supremacy of science over non-sciences is attributed to ___________.

  • (A) Postcolonialism
  • (B) Neo-Kantianism
  • (C) Positivism
  • (D) Verstehen

Question 35:

Communism, universalism, disinterestedness and _______________ constitute Mertonian ethos of science.

  • (A) Organized skepticism
  • (B) Organized dogmatism
  • (C) Objectivity
  • (D) Neutrality

Question 36:

_______________ theory postulates that developing economies will catch up with developed economies if they follow the social and economic models of Western capitalism.

  • (A) Postmodern
  • (B) Subaltern
  • (C) Marxist
  • (D) Modernization

Question 37:

__________ approach was NOT propounded by B. S. Cohn as one of the approaches to study Indian civilization.

  • (A) Administrative
  • (B) Missionary
  • (C) Orientalist
  • (D) Historiographical

Question 38:

If standard deviation is 0.3, then its corresponding variance would be _______________.

  • (A) 0.9
  • (B) 0.03
  • (C) 0.09
  • (D) 0.3

Question 39:

Under _____________ land tenurial system during the British rule in India, the individual cultivator/peasant had some ownership right over land holding.

  • (A) Zamindari
  • (B) Ryotwari
  • (C) Mahalwari
  • (D) Talukdari

Question 40:

_______________ introduced the concept of ‘reconstructive science’.

  • (A) J. Habermas
  • (B) A. Giddens
  • (C) P. Bourdieu
  • (D) M. Foucault

Question 41:

__________ theory lies between minor working hypotheses and master conceptual schemes.

  • (A) Middle-range
  • (B) Social action
  • (C) Conflict
  • (D) Symbolic interactionist

Question 42:

__________ is NOT a characteristic feature of M.N. Srinivas’s concept of ‘dominant caste’.

  • (A) Numerical strength
  • (B) Economic power through possession of land
  • (C) Political power
  • (D) Membership in militant organizations

Question 43:

Max Weber’s instrumental rationality refers to ________.

  • (A) Traditional action
  • (B) Emotive action
  • (C) Goal-rational action
  • (D) Value-rational action

Question 44:

The stable pattern of ‘modern men’ formulated by Alex Inkeles does not include ________.

  • (A) Openness to new experiences
  • (B) Freedom from traditional authority
  • (C) Rejection of activities in civil politics
  • (D) Belief in science and technology

Question 45:

_______________ refers to the careful consideration of the ways in which researchers’ past experiences, points of view, and roles impact these same researchers’ interactions with, and interpretations of, the research scene.

  • (A) Self-reflexivity
  • (B) Social interactionism
  • (C) Objectivity
  • (D) Participant action research

Question 46:

_______________ introduced the concept of _______________ to describe situations where people accept, consent to, and internalize values and norms that are not in their best interests.

  • (A) K. Marx, alienation
  • (B) M. Foucault, governmentality
  • (C) A. Gramsci, hegemony
  • (D) R. Putnam, social capital

Question 47:

__________ is the process by which researchers begin by identifying several participants who fit the study’s criteria and then ask these people to suggest a colleague, a friend, or a family member who also fits the study’s criteria.

  • (A) Random sampling
  • (B) Stratified random sampling
  • (C) Purposive sampling
  • (D) Snowball sampling

Question 48:

Match the following sociologists in Column P with their views on religion in Column Q.
 

Column P Column Q
A) Karl Marx I) Opiate of the peopleOpiate of the people
B) Max Weber II) Sources of social solidaritySources of social solidarity
C) Clifford Geertz III) A source of capitalist outlookA source of capitalist outlook        
D) Emile Durkheim               IV) A cultural systemA cultural system
V) A source of modernityA source of modernity
  • (A) A–I, B–II, C–V, D–III
  • (B) A–I, B–III, C–V, D–II
  • (C) A–IV, B–III, C–II, D–V
  • (D) A–I, B–III, C–IV, D–II

Question 49:

There are four forms of triangulation, namely data triangulation, ___________, theory triangulation and ___________.

  • (A) Field triangulation, methodological triangulation
  • (B) Investigator triangulation, methodological triangulation
  • (C) Investigator triangulation, interviewee triangulation
  • (D) Investigator triangulation, epistemological triangulation

Question 50:

__________ is the process by which groups seek to preserve some advantage by monopolizing resources and restricting access to the group.

  • (A) Social action
  • (B) Social construction
  • (C) Social closure
  • (D) Social conflict

Question 51:

Correlation coefficient lies between _______ and ________, and probability lies between _______ and ________.

  • (A) \(-1\) and \(1\), \(0\) and \(1\)
  • (B) \(0\) and \(1\), \(-1\) and \(1\)
  • (C) \(-0.5\) and \(1.5\), \(0\) and \(1\)
  • (D) \(-1\) and \(1\), \(-0.5\) and \(1.5\)

Question 52:

Match the following concepts as given in Column P with the Sociologists as given in Column Q:
 

Column P Column Q
A) Systematic falsification                I) Thomas Kuhn
B) Systematic verification II) Emile Durkheim                   
C) Consensus III) Karl Popper
D) Social fact IV) Positivism
  • (A) A–III, B–IV, C–I, D–II
  • (B) A–III, B–I, C–IV, D–II
  • (C) A–III, B–II, C–IV, D–I
  • (D) A–IV, B–III, C–II, D–I

Question 53:

Match the following approaches and village study as given in Column P with Sociologists as given in Column Q:
 

Column P Column Q
A. Rampura village I. Sharmila Rege              
B. Indology II. M.N. Srinivas
C. Marxist approach III. A.R. Desai
D. Feminist perspective               IV. Irawati Karve
  • (A) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
  • (B) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
  • (C) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
  • (D) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Question 54:

According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, ‘sustainable development’ refers to _________.

  • (A) Development that meets the needs of the present
  • (B) Development that meets the needs of the future
  • (C) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
  • (D) Development that meets the needs of the past

Question 55:

According to David Pocock, the Indian Jajmani system reflects _______________.

  • (A) Hierarchical collectivity
  • (B) Regulated individuality
  • (C) Egalitarian collectivity
  • (D) Anarchic individuality

Question 56:

Which of the following is/are NOT characteristic(s) of the \emph{class} system?

  • (A) Class systems are fluid and the boundaries between classes are never clear-cut.
  • (B) Class is a form of stratification in which one’s social position is given for a lifetime.
  • (C) Class is economically based.
  • (D) Class divisions are organized around purity and pollution.

Question 57:

Which of the following concept(s) is/are NOT propounded by Emile Durkheim?

  • (A) Collective bargaining
  • (B) Collective effervescence
  • (C) Cult of the individual
  • (D) Charismatic authority

Question 58:

The example(s) of relations of production is/are _______________.

  • (A) Labour
  • (B) Division of labour
  • (C) Property relations
  • (D) Capitalism

Question 59:

While __________ emerges around a charismatic figure, idea or vision, __________ emerges as a breakaway group from a preexisting body of belief, rituals, or believers.

  • (A) Cult, Sect
  • (B) Sect, Cult
  • (C) Totem, Cult
  • (D) Religion, Sect

Question 60:

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for the Forest Rights Act (2006) of India?

  • (A) Forest dwellers’ right of conserving and protecting community forest resources
  • (B) Forest dwellers’ right to rehabilitation
  • (C) Forest dwellers’ right to settlement from forest villages into revenue villages
  • (D) Forest dwellers’ absolute right over all the natural resources within the given forest area

Question 61:

The Ethnographic Survey of India as part of the Census 1901 was conducted to _____________.

  • (A) Mitigate the racial and cultural issues faced by the British
  • (B) Make suitable legislations for Indian subjects
  • (C) Protect the primitive beliefs and usages of Indians
  • (D) Take executive action (welfare and development)

Question 62:

__________ and __________ propounded conflict theory.

  • (A) Talcott Parsons
  • (B) Ralf Dahrendorf
  • (C) Lewis A. Coser
  • (D) Jeffrey C. Alexander

Question 63:

Which of the following is/are NOT aspect(s) of secularization process?

  • (A) Privatization of religion
  • (B) Rising level of membership of religious organizations
  • (C) Loss of social and political influence of religious organizations
  • (D) Belief in magic and supernatural forces

Question 64:

Which of the following pair(s) is/are correct?

M1: Michel Foucault _______________ M2: Pierre Bourdieu _______________ M3: John Urry

X1: Archaeology of Knowledge _______________ X2: Sociological Imagination _______________ X3: Practice Theory

  • (A) M1 – X1
  • (B) M2 – X2
  • (C) M3 – X2
  • (D) M2 – X3

Question 65:

Which of the following statement(s) is/are INCORRECT?

  • (A) Hypergamy is a form of marriage where bride’s family is of superior status to the groom’s family
  • (B) Hypogamy is a form of marriage where groom’s family is of superior status to the bride’s family
  • (C) Exogamy refers to marriage outside the caste or sub-caste group
  • (D) Polygyandry refers to marriage of several men to several women at the same time


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