GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences- Philosophy Question Paper PDF- Download Here

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Shivam Yadav

Updated on - Nov 13, 2025

GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences Philosophy Question Paper PDF is available here for download. IIT Kanpur conducted GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences exam on February 5, 2023 in the Forenoon Session from 09:30 AM to 12:30 PM. Students have to answer 65 questions in GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences Philosophy Question Paper carrying a total weightage of 100 marks. 10 questions are from the General Aptitude section and 55 questions are from Core Discipline.

GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences Philosophy Question Paper with Solutions PDF

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Question 1:

Rafi told Mary, “I am thinking of watching a film this weekend.”

The following reports the above statement in indirect speech:

Rafi told Mary that he ______ of watching a film that weekend.

  • (A) thought
  • (B) is thinking
  • (C) am thinking
  • (D) was thinking

Question 2:

Permit : ______ :: Enforce : Relax (By word meaning)

  • (A) Allow
  • (B) Forbid
  • (C) License
  • (D) Reinforce

Question 3:

Given a fair six-faced dice where the faces are labelled ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, and ‘6’, what is the probability of getting a ‘1’ on the first roll of the dice and a ‘4’ on the second roll?

  • (A) \(\dfrac{1}{36}\)
  • (B) \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)
  • (C) \(\dfrac{5}{6}\)
  • (D) \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Question 4:

A recent survey shows that 65% of tobacco users were advised to stop consuming tobacco. The survey also shows that 3 out of 10 tobacco users attempted to stop using tobacco.

Based only on the information in the above passage, which one of the following options can be logically inferred with certainty?

  • (A) A majority of tobacco users who were advised to stop consuming tobacco made an attempt to do so.
  • (B) A majority of tobacco users who were advised to stop consuming tobacco did not attempt to do so.
  • (C) Approximately 30% of tobacco users successfully stopped consuming tobacco.
  • (D) Approximately 65% of tobacco users successfully stopped consuming tobacco.

Question 5:

How many triangles are present in the given figure?

  • (A) 12
  • (B) 16
  • (C) 20
  • (D) 24

Question 6:

Students of all the departments of a college who have successfully completed the registration process are eligible to vote in the upcoming college elections. By the due date, none} of the students from the Department of Human Sciences had completed the registration process. Which set(s) of statements can be inferred with certainty?

(i) All those students who would not be eligible to vote would certainly belong to the Department of Human Sciences.

(ii) None of the students from departments other than Human Sciences failed to complete the registration process within the due time.

(iii) All the eligible voters would certainly be students who are not from the Department of Human Sciences.

  • (A) (i) and (ii)
  • (B) (i) and (iii)
  • (C) only (i)
  • (D) only (iii)

Question 7:

Which one of the following options represents the given graph?

  • (A) \(f(x)=x^2\,2^{-|x|}\)
  • (B) \(f(x)=x\,2^{-|x|}\)
  • (C) \(f(x)=|x|\,2^{-x}\)
  • (D) \(f(x)=x\,2^{-x}\)

Question 8:

Which one of the options does NOT describe the passage below or follow from it?

Passage:
We tend to think of cancer as a ‘modern’ illness because its metaphors are so modern. It is a disease of overproduction, of sudden growth, a growth that is unstoppable, tipped into the abyss of no control. Modern cell biology encourages us to imagine the cell as a molecular machine. Cancer is that machine unable to quench its initial command (to grow) and thus transform into an indestructible, self-propelled automaton.

  • (A) It is a reflection of why cancer seems so modern to most of us.
  • (B) It tells us that modern cell biology uses and promotes metaphors of machinery.
  • (C) Modern cell biology encourages metaphors of machinery, and cancer is often imagined as a machine.
  • (D) Modern cell biology never uses figurative language, such as metaphors, to describe or explain anything.

Question 9:

The digit in the unit’s place of the product \(3^{999}\times 7^{1000}\) is ______.

  • (A) 7
  • (B) 1
  • (C) 3
  • (D) 9

Question 10:

A square with sides of length \(6\,cm\) is given. The boundary of the shaded region is defined by two semi-circles whose diameters are the sides of the square, as shown. The area of the shaded region is ______ \(cm^2\).

  • (A) \(6\pi\)
  • (B) \(18\)
  • (C) \(20\)
  • (D) \(9\pi\)

Question 11:

Which word below best describes the idea of being both Spineless} and Cowardly}?

  • (A) Pusillanimous
  • (B) Unctuous
  • (C) Obsequious
  • (D) Reticent

Question 12:

Choose the right preposition to fill up the blank:
The whole family got together ___ Diwali

  • (A) of
  • (B) at
  • (C) in
  • (D) till

Question 13:

Select the correct option to fill in all the blanks to complete the passage:

The (i)______ factor amid this turbulence has been the (ii)______ of high-octane, action-oriented films such as RRR, K.G.F: Chapter 2 and Pushpa from film industries in the south of the country. Traditionally, films made in the south have done well in their own (iii)______. But increasingly, their dubbed versions have performed well in the Hindi heartland, with collections (iv)______ those of their Bollywood counterparts.

  • (A) (i) disheartening (ii) failure (iii) channels (iv) matching
  • (B) (i) redeeming (ii) outperformance (iii) geographies (iv) eclipsing
  • (C) (i) shocking (ii) underperformance (iii) cinemas (iv) below
  • (D) (i) humbling (ii) bombing (iii) theatres (iv) falling behind

Question 14:

The following passage consists of 6 sentences. The first and sixth sentences of the passage are at their correct positions, while the middle four sentences (represented by 2, 3, 4, and 5) are jumbled up.

Choose the correct sequence of the sentences so that they form a coherent paragraph:

1. Most obviously, mobility is taken to be a geographical as well as a social phenomenon.

2. Much of the social mobility literature regarded society as a uniform surface and failed to register the geographical intersections of region, city and place, with the social categories of class, gender and ethnicity.

3. The existing sociology of migration is incidentally far too limited in its concerns to be very useful here.

4. Further, I am concerned with the flows of people within, but especially beyond, the territory of each society, and how these flows may relate to many different desires, for work, housing, leisure, religion, family relationships, criminal gain, asylum seeking and so on.

5. Moreover, not only people are mobile but so too are many ‘objects’.

6. I show that sociology’s recent development of a ‘sociology of objects’ needs to be taken further and that the diverse flows of objects across societal borders and their intersections with the multiple flows of people are hugely significant.

  • (A) 3, 2, 5, 4
  • (B) 2, 3, 4, 5
  • (C) 5, 4, 3, 2
  • (D) 4, 2, 5, 3

Question 15:

The population of a country increased by 5% from 2020 to 2021. Then, the population decreased by 5% from 2021 to 2022. By what percentage did the population change from 2020 to 2022?

  • (A) -0.25%
  • (B) 0%
  • (C) 2.5%
  • (D) 10.25%

Question 16:

The words Thin: Slim: Slender are related in some way. Identify the correct option(s) that reflect(s) the same relationship:

  • (A) Fat: Plump: Voluptuous
  • (B) Short: Small: Petite
  • (C) Tall: Taller: Tallest
  • (D) Fair: Dark: Wheatish

Question 17:

A pandemic like situation hit the country last year, resulting in loss of human life and economic depression. To improve the condition of its citizens, the government made a series of emergency medical interventions and increased spending to revive the economy. In both these efforts, district administration authorities were actively involved.

Which of the following action(s) are plausible?

  • (A) In future, the government can make district administration authorities responsible for protecting health of citizens and reviving the economy.
  • (B) The government may set up a task force to review the post pandemic situation and ascertain the effectiveness of the measures taken.
  • (C) The government may set up a committee to formulate a pandemic management program to minimize losses to life and economy in future.
  • (D) The government may take population control measures to minimize pandemic related losses in future.

Question 18:

Six students, Arif (Ar), Balwinder (Bw), Chintu (Ct), David (Dv), Emon (Em) and Fulmoni (Fu) appeared in GATE–XH (2022).
Bw scores less than Ct in XH–B1, but more than Ar in XH–C1.
Dv scores more than Bw in XH–C1, and more than Ct in XH–B1.
Em scores less than Dv, but more than Fu in XH–B1.
Fu scores more than Dv in XH–C1.
Ar scores less than Em, but more than Fu in XH–B1.
Who scores highest in XH–B1?

  • (A) Fulmoni
  • (B) Emon
  • (C) David
  • (D) Chintu

Question 19:

Select the correct relation between \(E\) and \(F\). \(E=\dfrac{x}{1+x}\) \; and \; \(F=\dfrac{-x}{\,1-x\,}\), \; with \(x>1\).

  • (A) \(E>F\)
  • (B) \(E
  • (C) \(E=F\)
  • (D) \(E<-F\)

Question 20:

A code language is formulated thus:

Vowels in the original word are replaced by the next vowel from the list of vowels, A-E-I-O-U (For example, E is replaced by I and U is replaced by A). Consonants in the original word are replaced by the previous consonant (For example, T is replaced by S and V is replaced by T).

Then how does the word, GOODMORNING appear in the coded language?

  • (A) HUUFNUSPOPH
  • (B) FIICLIQMEMF
  • (C) FUUCLUQMOMF
  • (D) HEEDATTACRH

Question 21:

The stranger is by nature no "owner of soil" -- soil not only in the physical, but also in the figurative sense of a life-substance, which is fixed, if not in a point in space, at least in an ideal point of the social environment. Although in more intimate relations, he may develop all kinds of charm and significance, as long as he is considered a stranger in the eyes of the other, he is not an "owner of soil." Restriction to intermediary trade, and often (as though sublimated from it) to pure finance, gives him the specific character of mobility. If mobility takes place within a closed group, it embodies that synthesis of nearness and distance which constitutes the formal position of the stranger. For, the fundamentally mobile person comes in contact, at one time or another, with every individual, but is not organically connected, through established ties of kinship, locality, and occupation, with any single one.

What assumptions can be made about the stranger from the passage above?

  • (A) The stranger can become an owner of soil through developing all kinds of charm in more intimate relations.
  • (B) The stranger cannot become an owner of soil either in the physical or psychological sense.
  • (C) The stranger can become an owner of soil through establishing ties of kinship and so on.
  • (D) The stranger might become an owner of soil in the physical sense but not in the psychological.

Question 22:

L is the only son of A and S. S has one sibling, B, who is married to L’s aunt, K. B is the only son of D. How are L and D related? Select the possible option(s):

  • (A) Grandchild and Paternal Grandfather
  • (B) Grandchild and Maternal Grandfather
  • (C) Grandchild and Paternal Grandmother
  • (D) Grandchild and Maternal Grandmother

Question 23:

The following segments of a sentence are given in jumbled order. The first and last segments (1 and 5) are in their correct positions, while the middle three segments (represented by 2, 3, and 4) are jumbled up. Choose the correct order of the segments so that they form a coherent sentence:

1. Consumed multitudes are jostling and shoving inside me

2. and guided only by the memory of a large white bedsheet with a roughly circular hole some seven inches in diameter cut into the center,

3. clutching at the dream of that holey, mutilated square of linen, which is my
talisman, my open-sesame,

4. I must commence the business of remaking my life from the point at which
it really began,

5. some thirty-two years before anything as obvious, as present, as my clockridden, crime-stained birth.

  • (A) 2 – 3 – 4
  • (B) 3 – 2 – 4
  • (C) 4 – 2 – 3
  • (D) 4 – 3 – 2

Question 24:

“I told you the truth,” I say yet again, “Memory’s truth, because memory has its own special kind. It selects, eliminates, alters, exaggerates, minimizes, glorifies, and vilifies also; but in the end it creates its own reality, its heterogeneous but usually coherent versions of events; and no sane human being ever trusts someone else’s version more than his own.”

What are the different ways in which ‘truth’ can be understood from the passage?

  • (A) Truth is what can be verified by hard empirical evidence.
  • (B) Truth is based on what can be perceived by the senses.
  • (C) Truth is the product of memory that is fallible, selective and slanted.
  • (D) Truth is contingent on the observer and can only be partial.

Question 25:

A firm needs both skilled labour and unskilled labour. Skilled wage = Rs. 40,000 per month; unskilled wage = Rs. 15,000 per month. The total wage bill for 100 labourers is Rs. 23,75,000 in a month. How many skilled labour are employed? (in Integer)}


Question 26:

Select the odd word and write the option number as answer:

  • (A) Lek
  • (B) Zloty
  • (C) Diner
  • (D) Drachma
  • (E) Real

Question 27:

In Sāṅkhya philosophy ‘mind’ (manas) is an evolute of _____.

  • (A) Prakṛti
  • (B) Puruṣa
  • (C) Three guṇas
  • (D) Puruṣa and Prakṛti

Question 28:

Which one of the following is the manifestation of the Absolute Spirit in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit?

  • (A) The devotion of a church congregation
  • (B) The knowledge of a natural scientist
  • (C) The self-transparency of a society of free individuals
  • (D) The mystical insight of an enlightened sage

Question 29:

The Carvaka system accepts the following purusharthas:

  • (A) Artha and Kama
  • (B) Dharma, Kama and Moksha
  • (C) Moksha and Dharma
  • (D) Artha, Kama and Moksha

Question 30:

In Taittiriya Upanishad there is a discussion of five sheaths (pancha–kosa) in which the individual self is encased. Which one is the sheath (kosa) of knowledge and intelligence?

  • (A) Vijnanamaya–kosa
  • (B) Pranamaya–kosa
  • (C) Manomaya–kosa
  • (D) Anandamaya–kosa

Question 31:

According to Swami Vivekananda, ‘Universal Religion’ would consist in recognising that there are different ways of approaching the religious object. The watch-word for universal religion is _______.

  • (A) Tolerance
  • (B) Acceptance
  • (C) Submission
  • (D) Adoration

Question 32:

In his ‘The Concept of the Absolute and Its Alternative Forms’, K. C. Bhattacharyya says, “… consciousness is of three kinds – knowing, feeling and willing…” Which one of the following is the ‘absolute’ of ‘knowing’?

  • (A) Truth
  • (B) Beauty
  • (C) Goodness
  • (D) Bliss

Question 33:

Which one of the following is NOT considered a pramana by the Prabhakara Mimamsaka?

  • (A) Anupalabdhi (Non-apprehension)
  • (B) Anumana (Inference)
  • (C) Arthapatti (Postulation/Presumption)
  • (D) Upamana (Comparison/Analogy)

Question 34:

Marx introduces the concept of ‘commodity fetishism’ in Capital. Which one of the following is a correct description of the concept?

  • (A) The reflection of human spiritual capacities in the material product
  • (B) The reflection of human needs in the material product
  • (C) The reflection of the social character of human labour in the material product
  • (D) The reflection of the dignity of human labour in the material product

Question 35:

W. V. O. Quine famously writes in ‘Two Dogmas of Empiricism’:

  • (A) No statement is immune to revision
  • (B) Only analytic statements are immune to revision
  • (C) Only synthetic statements are immune to revision
  • (D) Only the statements of empirical sciences are immune to revision

Question 36:

Comparing the thoughts of Heraclitus and Parmenides, we can say that:

  • (A) Both assert that only the soul (psuche) truly exists
  • (B) Heraclitus asserts the unity underlying the plurality of things, whereas Parmenides denies the plurality of things altogether
  • (C) Heraclitus asserts the infinity of the cosmos, whereas Parmenides asserts its finitude
  • (D) Heraclitus asserts the incomprehensibility of the plurality of nature, while Parmenides asserts the fundamental comprehensibility of the plurality of nature

Question 37:

According to Heidegger’s Being and Time, the ontological difference is:

  • (A) The distinction between Being (Sein) and beings (Seiende)
  • (B) The distinction between Being (Sein) and Being-there (Dasein)
  • (C) The distinction between beings (Seiende) and Being-there (Dasein)
  • (D) The difference between Being (Sein) and Non-Being (Nichtsein)

Question 38:

In Plato’s Republic, the virtue of moderation is present:

  • (A) Only in the guardians
  • (B) In the auxiliaries and guardians
  • (C) Only in the money makers
  • (D) Throughout the republic

Question 39:

In Káśmīra Śaivism, Śiva is the only reality, the one without a second. Which among the following is/are the other name(s) for Káśmīra Śaivism?

  • (A) Pratyabhijñā
  • (B) Trika
  • (C) Spanda
  • (D) Vīra-śaivism

Question 40:

In ‘Democracy’, B. R. Ambedkar lays out certain fundamental assumptions about his conception of democracy. They include:

  • (A) Adult suffrage and frequent elections are no bar against the governing class reaching places of power and authority
  • (B) Servile classes volunteering to elect members of the governing class as their rulers is a sign of a thriving democracy
  • (C) Servile classes in some countries may need other safeguards beside adult suffrage to oust the governing class from the seat of authority
  • (D) Existence of the governing class is consistent with democracy and self-government

Question 41:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the question:

My uniform experience has convinced me that there is no other God than Truth… That is why my devotion to Truth has drawn me into the field of politics; and I can say without the slightest hesitation, yet in all humility, that those who say that religion has nothing to do with politics do not know what religion means. Identification with everything that lives is impossible without self-purification; without self-purification the observance of the law of Ahimsa must remain an empty dream; God can never be realized by one who is not pure of heart.
--- M. K. Gandhi, An Autobiography or the Story of my Experiments with Truth, p. 615

Which among the following are NOT in conformity with the above passage?

  • (A) God is Truth
  • (B) Devotion to God, which is Truth, prompted Gandhi to enter politics
  • (C) Religion and politics should be separated
  • (D) Ahimsa and politics do not go hand in hand

Question 42:

Soli likes either logic or biology. If Soli likes logic, then he is not a happy person. Neither Soli nor Rupinder likes biology. Which among the following can be concluded from the premises given here?

  • (A) Soli is not a happy person.
  • (B) Rupinder is not a happy person.
  • (C) Rupinder is a happy person.
  • (D) Soli likes logic.

Question 43:

On the basis of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, we can say the following about virtue:

  • (A) We can know the virtue of something only if we understand the function (ergon) of that thing
  • (B) Virtue entails deliberation
  • (C) We become virtuous by simply knowing what virtue is
  • (D) Virtue has the nature of a mean between two extremes in most cases

Question 44:

According to Hume’s An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, the following is/are the principle[s] governing the connection of ideas:

  • (A) Resemblance
  • (B) Contiguity in space and time
  • (C) Juxtaposition
  • (D) Cause and Effect

Question 45:

In his Yogasūtra, Patañjali mentions five kinds of afflictions (kleśas). Which one of the following is NOT among the five afflictions?

  • (A) Mātsarya (competition/ rivalry)
  • (B) Avidyā (false knowledge)
  • (C) Rāga (attachment)
  • (D) Asmitā (egoism)

Question 46:

According to Jaina philosophy, all substances (dravya) but one have extension in space (astikāya). That one substance which has no extension in space (anastikāya) is _____.

  • (A) Time (kāla)
  • (B) Space (ākāśa)
  • (C) Rest (adharma)
  • (D) Motion (dharma)

Question 47:

Husserl’s fifth Cartesian Meditation is founded upon the realization that the reduction to my transcendental sphere of ownness:

  • (A) Does not fundamentally cut me off from the other
  • (B) Fatefully cuts me off from the other
  • (C) Can never be completely achieved
  • (D) Is not necessary to understand the constitution of the objective world

Question 48:

According to the Nyāya system, the argument “A sparrow is a bird, since it has wings” would have an inferential defect (hetvābhāsa) called _______

  • (A) Svarūpāsiddhi (unestablished in respect of itself)
  • (B) Āśrayāsiddhi (unestablished in respect of abode)
  • (C) Sādhāraṇa-anaikāntika (common strayer)
  • (D) Asādhāraṇa-anaikāntika (uncommon strayer)

Question 49:

Consider the following sentence: ‘Dhavala is a white cow.’ For the Vaiśeṣika, the meaning (artha) of the sentence consists of the following padārthas:

  • (A) Action (karma), Substance (dravya) and Unique particular (viśeṣa) only
  • (B) Substance (dravya), Universal (sāmānya) and Quality (guṇa) only
  • (C) Substance (dravya), Universal (sāmānya), Inherence (samavāya) and Quality (guṇa) only
  • (D) Action (karma), Substance (dravya), Unique particular (viśeṣa) and Absence (abhāva) only

Question 50:

According to the theory advocated by G. Frege in his ‘On Sense and Reference’, the expression ‘the largest prime number’ would have ________.

  • (A) Both a sense and a reference
  • (B) Only sense, and no reference
  • (C) Only reference, and no sense
  • (D) Neither sense, nor reference

Question 51:

In the Phaedo}, Plato’s Socrates develops a novel way of understanding the beauty of things. He tells us:

  • (A) The beauty of things is caused by nothing other than a combination of the colour, the shape and the size of a thing
  • (B) The beauty of things is simply the effect of that thing on the eyes of the observer
  • (C) If things are beautiful then it is due to the presence (parousia}) of the beautiful in itself
  • (D) The beauty of things is simply an illusion; only the beautiful exists in itself by itself (auto kath’ auto})

Question 52:

Descartes postulates the evil genius in his Meditations} to deny the certainty of which statements?

  • (A) IV, III and V
  • (B) I, II and III
  • (C) V and VI
  • (D) II and VIII

Question 53:

Which of the following statement[s] is/are NOT true in relation to Kant’s concept of the will?

  • (A) Every will, even the divine will is subject to imperatives
  • (B) Only the human will is subject to imperatives
  • (C) The human will is subject to the hypothetical imperative, whereas the divine will is subject to the categorical imperative
  • (D) The human will is subject to the categorical imperative which comes from God

Question 54:

We see a bronze statue of Poseidon in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Which of the following would be [a] cause[s] of the statue for Aristotle if we read his Physics?

  • (A) Bronze
  • (B) The sculptor who produced it
  • (C) The plan to have a bronze statue of Poseidon installed in a temple
  • (D) The space in the temple in which the statue is installed

Question 55:

In the Buddhist theory of elements (dharmas), dharmas are the ultimate momentary elements of existence. The number of elements varies in different schools of Buddhism. Of the following alternatives, which pair(s) does/do NOT} give us the respective number of dharmas accepted in Sautrāntika and Sarvāstivāda (Vaibhāṣika) schools?

  • (A) 75 and 43
  • (B) 43 and 75
  • (C) 43 and 0
  • (D) 0 and 43

Question 56:

According to the Advaita of Śaṅkara, the individual self (jīva) is:

  • (A) Not ontologically different from Brahman
  • (B) Empirically different from Brahman due to the limiting adjuncts of body, mind, senses etc.
  • (C) Ontologically real and one with Brahman
  • (D) A part of Brahman

Question 57:

Mohammad Iqbal’s views on the nature of ‘intuition’ would state:

  • (A) Intuition is immediate knowledge of the Reality (God)
  • (B) Intuitive experience is not only subjective but also objective
  • (C) Intuition is a property of the heart
  • (D) Intuition is the property of the mind and the intellect

Question 58:

Sandra Harding’s Standpoint Epistemology involves:

  • (A) Adopting a feminist empiricist point of view that critiques the masculine underpinnings of western sciences
  • (B) Recognizing that science is value free
  • (C) Negating the value of objectivity in scientific research
  • (D) Grounding distinctive feminist science in strongly objective accounts of the world

Question 59:

In J. S. Mill’s articulation of utilitarianism which of the following statements about justice are valid?

  • (A) Standards of justice stand higher in the scale of social utility
  • (B) The just and the expedient are divided by an imaginary distinction
  • (C) Social duty can become so important as to overrule any one of general maxims of justice
  • (D) Utilitarianism prioritises expediency over justice

Question 60:

According to Russell’s “On Denoting”, the proposition “The prime number between 7 and 11 is NOT} larger than 12” would be true, if \ \ \ \ \ \ \ .

  • (A) The proposition “The prime number between 7 and 11 is larger than 12” is false
  • (B) The expression “the prime number between 7 and 11” has a primary} occurrence in the proposition
  • (C) The expression “the prime number between 7 and 11” has a secondary} occurrence in the proposition
  • (D) There were only one prime number between 7 and 11

Question 61:

(i) \(p \supset (q \cdot r)\) (ii) \(\sim(p \supset s)\)

Taking (i) and (ii) as premises, which of the following can be deduced?

  • (A) \(q\)
  • (B) \(r\)
  • (C) \(s\)
  • (D) \(\sim p\)

Question 62:

\(\sim q\) can be deduced from \(\sim(p \supset (q \lor r))\) by using rules of propositional logic in the following sequence(s):

  • (A) Material Implication \(>\) De Morgan’s Theorem \(>\) Commutation \(>\) Simplification \(>\) De Morgan’s Theorem \(>\) Simplification
  • (B) Conjunction \(>\) Addition \(>\) Modus Ponens \(>\) De Morgan’s Theorem
  • (C) Transposition \(>\) Material Implication \(>\) Double Negation \(>\) De Morgan’s Theorem \(>\) Simplification \(>\) De Morgan’s Theorem \(>\) Simplification
  • (D) Modus Tollens \(>\) Conjunction \(>\) Hypothetical Syllogism \(>\) Simplification

Question 63:

Read the passage below from Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations carefully and answer the question.


Passage:
“I can think of no better expression to characterize these similarities than ‘family resemblances’; for the various resemblances between members of a family – build, features, colour of eyes, gait, temperament, and so on and so forth – overlap and crisscross in the same way. – And I shall say: ‘games’ form a family.

And likewise the kinds of number, for example, form a family. Why do we call something a ‘number’? Well, perhaps because it has a direct affinity with several things that have hitherto been called ‘number’; and this can be said to give it an indirect affinity with other things that we also call ‘numbers.’ And we extend our concept of number, as in spinning a thread we twist fibre on fibre. And the strength of the thread resides not in the fact that some one fibre runs through its whole length but in the overlapping of many fibres.

But if someone wanted to say, ‘So there is something common to all these constructions – namely, the disjunction of all their common properties’ – I’d reply: Now you are only playing with a word. One might as well say, ‘There is a Something that runs through the whole thread – namely, the continuous overlapping of these fibres.’”

-- Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, No. 67

Which of the following statement[s] does Wittgenstein imply in the above passage?

  • (A) The one fibre supposed to run through the length of the thread corresponds to what is supposed to be common to all numbers
  • (B) The overlapping of the fibres corresponds to the family resemblance Wittgenstein is trying to explicate
  • (C) It is absurd to insist that there is one thing common to all the members of the family
  • (D) To describe a family resemblance is another way to describe the common property shared by all the family members

Question 64:

In Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, the equation 7 + 5 = 12 is synthetic a priori and not simply analytic for the following reason(s).

  • (A) A simple analysis of the concept of 5, the concept of 7 and the concept of addition does not give us the sum 12
  • (B) With 7 as the starting point, we require an intuition such as 5 fingers or 5 marks on a page to reach upto 12
  • (C) If 7 + 5 = 12 were an analytic proposition it would not need any intuition to know it
  • (D) We arrive at the knowledge of 7 + 5 = 12 by imitating others adding 7 and 5

Question 65:

According to Sartre’s Being and Nothingness, which of the following statement[s] is/are true?

  • (A) Bad faith is human beings’ denial of their own freedom
  • (B) To assert the existence of nothingness is to deny the existence of human freedom
  • (C) To assert the existence of nothingness is to assert the existence of human freedom
  • (D) Being and nothingness self-evidently exclude each other


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