GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences- Linguistics Question Paper PDF- Download Here

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Shivam Yadav

Updated on - Nov 13, 2025

GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences Linguistics Question Paper PDF is available here for download. IIT Kanpur conducted GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences exam on February 5, 2023 in the Forenoon Session from 09:30 AM to 12:30 PM. Students have to answer 65 questions in GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences Linguistics Question Paper carrying a total weightage of 100 marks. 10 questions are from the General Aptitude section and 55 questions are from Core Discipline.

GATE 2023 Humanities & Social Sciences Linguistics Question Paper with Answer Key PDF

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Question 1:

Rafi told Mary, “I am thinking of watching a film this weekend.”

The following reports the above statement in indirect speech:

Rafi told Mary that he ______ of watching a film that weekend.

  • (A) thought
  • (B) is thinking
  • (C) am thinking
  • (D) was thinking

Question 2:

Permit : ______ :: Enforce : Relax (By word meaning)

  • (A) Allow
  • (B) Forbid
  • (C) License
  • (D) Reinforce

Question 3:

Given a fair six-faced dice where the faces are labelled ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, and ‘6’, what is the probability of getting a ‘1’ on the first roll of the dice and a ‘4’ on the second roll?

  • (A) \(\dfrac{1}{36}\)
  • (B) \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)
  • (C) \(\dfrac{5}{6}\)
  • (D) \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Question 4:

A recent survey shows that 65% of tobacco users were advised to stop consuming tobacco. The survey also shows that 3 out of 10 tobacco users attempted to stop using tobacco.

Based only on the information in the above passage, which one of the following options can be logically inferred with certainty?

  • (A) A majority of tobacco users who were advised to stop consuming tobacco made an attempt to do so.
  • (B) A majority of tobacco users who were advised to stop consuming tobacco did not attempt to do so.
  • (C) Approximately 30% of tobacco users successfully stopped consuming tobacco.
  • (D) Approximately 65% of tobacco users successfully stopped consuming tobacco.

Question 5:

How many triangles are present in the given figure?

  • (A) 12
  • (B) 16
  • (C) 20
  • (D) 24

Question 6:

Students of all the departments of a college who have successfully completed the registration process are eligible to vote in the upcoming college elections. By the due date, none} of the students from the Department of Human Sciences had completed the registration process. Which set(s) of statements can be inferred with certainty?

(i) All those students who would not be eligible to vote would certainly belong to the Department of Human Sciences.

(ii) None of the students from departments other than Human Sciences failed to complete the registration process within the due time.

(iii) All the eligible voters would certainly be students who are not from the Department of Human Sciences.

  • (A) (i) and (ii)
  • (B) (i) and (iii)
  • (C) only (i)
  • (D) only (iii)

Question 7:

Which one of the following options represents the given graph?

  • (A) \(f(x)=x^2\,2^{-|x|}\)
  • (B) \(f(x)=x\,2^{-|x|}\)
  • (C) \(f(x)=|x|\,2^{-x}\)
  • (D) \(f(x)=x\,2^{-x}\)

Question 8:

Which one of the options does NOT describe the passage below or follow from it?

Passage:
We tend to think of cancer as a ‘modern’ illness because its metaphors are so modern. It is a disease of overproduction, of sudden growth, a growth that is unstoppable, tipped into the abyss of no control. Modern cell biology encourages us to imagine the cell as a molecular machine. Cancer is that machine unable to quench its initial command (to grow) and thus transform into an indestructible, self-propelled automaton.

  • (A) It is a reflection of why cancer seems so modern to most of us.
  • (B) It tells us that modern cell biology uses and promotes metaphors of machinery.
  • (C) Modern cell biology encourages metaphors of machinery, and cancer is often imagined as a machine.
  • (D) Modern cell biology never uses figurative language, such as metaphors, to describe or explain anything.

Question 9:

The digit in the unit’s place of the product \(3^{999}\times 7^{1000}\) is ______.

  • (A) 7
  • (B) 1
  • (C) 3
  • (D) 9

Question 10:

A square with sides of length \(6\,cm\) is given. The boundary of the shaded region is defined by two semi-circles whose diameters are the sides of the square, as shown. The area of the shaded region is ______ \(cm^2\).

  • (A) \(6\pi\)
  • (B) \(18\)
  • (C) \(20\)
  • (D) \(9\pi\)

Question 11:

Which word below best describes the idea of being both Spineless} and Cowardly}?

  • (A) Pusillanimous
  • (B) Unctuous
  • (C) Obsequious
  • (D) Reticent

Question 12:

Choose the right preposition to fill up the blank:
The whole family got together ___ Diwali

  • (A) of
  • (B) at
  • (C) in
  • (D) till

Question 13:

Select the correct option to fill in all the blanks to complete the passage:

The (i)______ factor amid this turbulence has been the (ii)______ of high-octane, action-oriented films such as RRR, K.G.F: Chapter 2 and Pushpa from film industries in the south of the country. Traditionally, films made in the south have done well in their own (iii)______. But increasingly, their dubbed versions have performed well in the Hindi heartland, with collections (iv)______ those of their Bollywood counterparts.

  • (A) (i) disheartening (ii) failure (iii) channels (iv) matching
  • (B) (i) redeeming (ii) outperformance (iii) geographies (iv) eclipsing
  • (C) (i) shocking (ii) underperformance (iii) cinemas (iv) below
  • (D) (i) humbling (ii) bombing (iii) theatres (iv) falling behind

Question 14:

The following passage consists of 6 sentences. The first and sixth sentences of the passage are at their correct positions, while the middle four sentences (represented by 2, 3, 4, and 5) are jumbled up.

Choose the correct sequence of the sentences so that they form a coherent paragraph:

1. Most obviously, mobility is taken to be a geographical as well as a social phenomenon.

2. Much of the social mobility literature regarded society as a uniform surface and failed to register the geographical intersections of region, city and place, with the social categories of class, gender and ethnicity.

3. The existing sociology of migration is incidentally far too limited in its concerns to be very useful here.

4. Further, I am concerned with the flows of people within, but especially beyond, the territory of each society, and how these flows may relate to many different desires, for work, housing, leisure, religion, family relationships, criminal gain, asylum seeking and so on.

5. Moreover, not only people are mobile but so too are many ‘objects’.

6. I show that sociology’s recent development of a ‘sociology of objects’ needs to be taken further and that the diverse flows of objects across societal borders and their intersections with the multiple flows of people are hugely significant.

  • (A) 3, 2, 5, 4
  • (B) 2, 3, 4, 5
  • (C) 5, 4, 3, 2
  • (D) 4, 2, 5, 3

Question 15:

The population of a country increased by 5% from 2020 to 2021. Then, the population decreased by 5% from 2021 to 2022. By what percentage did the population change from 2020 to 2022?

  • (A) -0.25%
  • (B) 0%
  • (C) 2.5%
  • (D) 10.25%

Question 16:

The words Thin: Slim: Slender are related in some way. Identify the correct option(s) that reflect(s) the same relationship:

  • (A) Fat: Plump: Voluptuous
  • (B) Short: Small: Petite
  • (C) Tall: Taller: Tallest
  • (D) Fair: Dark: Wheatish

Question 17:

A pandemic like situation hit the country last year, resulting in loss of human life and economic depression. To improve the condition of its citizens, the government made a series of emergency medical interventions and increased spending to revive the economy. In both these efforts, district administration authorities were actively involved.

Which of the following action(s) are plausible?

  • (A) In future, the government can make district administration authorities responsible for protecting health of citizens and reviving the economy.
  • (B) The government may set up a task force to review the post pandemic situation and ascertain the effectiveness of the measures taken.
  • (C) The government may set up a committee to formulate a pandemic management program to minimize losses to life and economy in future.
  • (D) The government may take population control measures to minimize pandemic related losses in future.

Question 18:

Six students, Arif (Ar), Balwinder (Bw), Chintu (Ct), David (Dv), Emon (Em) and Fulmoni (Fu) appeared in GATE–XH (2022).
Bw scores less than Ct in XH–B1, but more than Ar in XH–C1.
Dv scores more than Bw in XH–C1, and more than Ct in XH–B1.
Em scores less than Dv, but more than Fu in XH–B1.
Fu scores more than Dv in XH–C1.
Ar scores less than Em, but more than Fu in XH–B1.
Who scores highest in XH–B1?

  • (A) Fulmoni
  • (B) Emon
  • (C) David
  • (D) Chintu

Question 19:

Select the correct relation between \(E\) and \(F\). \(E=\dfrac{x}{1+x}\) \; and \; \(F=\dfrac{-x}{\,1-x\,}\), \; with \(x>1\).

  • (A) \(E>F\)
  • (B) \(E
  • (C) \(E=F\)
  • (D) \(E<-F\)

Question 20:

A code language is formulated thus:

Vowels in the original word are replaced by the next vowel from the list of vowels, A-E-I-O-U (For example, E is replaced by I and U is replaced by A). Consonants in the original word are replaced by the previous consonant (For example, T is replaced by S and V is replaced by T).

Then how does the word, GOODMORNING appear in the coded language?

  • (A) HUUFNUSPOPH
  • (B) FIICLIQMEMF
  • (C) FUUCLUQMOMF
  • (D) HEEDATTACRH

Question 21:

The stranger is by nature no "owner of soil" -- soil not only in the physical, but also in the figurative sense of a life-substance, which is fixed, if not in a point in space, at least in an ideal point of the social environment. Although in more intimate relations, he may develop all kinds of charm and significance, as long as he is considered a stranger in the eyes of the other, he is not an "owner of soil." Restriction to intermediary trade, and often (as though sublimated from it) to pure finance, gives him the specific character of mobility. If mobility takes place within a closed group, it embodies that synthesis of nearness and distance which constitutes the formal position of the stranger. For, the fundamentally mobile person comes in contact, at one time or another, with every individual, but is not organically connected, through established ties of kinship, locality, and occupation, with any single one.

What assumptions can be made about the stranger from the passage above?

  • (A) The stranger can become an owner of soil through developing all kinds of charm in more intimate relations.
  • (B) The stranger cannot become an owner of soil either in the physical or psychological sense.
  • (C) The stranger can become an owner of soil through establishing ties of kinship and so on.
  • (D) The stranger might become an owner of soil in the physical sense but not in the psychological.

Question 22:

L is the only son of A and S. S has one sibling, B, who is married to L’s aunt, K. B is the only son of D. How are L and D related? Select the possible option(s):

  • (A) Grandchild and Paternal Grandfather
  • (B) Grandchild and Maternal Grandfather
  • (C) Grandchild and Paternal Grandmother
  • (D) Grandchild and Maternal Grandmother

Question 23:

The following segments of a sentence are given in jumbled order. The first and last segments (1 and 5) are in their correct positions, while the middle three segments (represented by 2, 3, and 4) are jumbled up. Choose the correct order of the segments so that they form a coherent sentence:

1. Consumed multitudes are jostling and shoving inside me

2. and guided only by the memory of a large white bedsheet with a roughly circular hole some seven inches in diameter cut into the center,

3. clutching at the dream of that holey, mutilated square of linen, which is my
talisman, my open-sesame,

4. I must commence the business of remaking my life from the point at which
it really began,

5. some thirty-two years before anything as obvious, as present, as my clockridden, crime-stained birth.

  • (A) 2 – 3 – 4
  • (B) 3 – 2 – 4
  • (C) 4 – 2 – 3
  • (D) 4 – 3 – 2

Question 24:

“I told you the truth,” I say yet again, “Memory’s truth, because memory has its own special kind. It selects, eliminates, alters, exaggerates, minimizes, glorifies, and vilifies also; but in the end it creates its own reality, its heterogeneous but usually coherent versions of events; and no sane human being ever trusts someone else’s version more than his own.”

What are the different ways in which ‘truth’ can be understood from the passage?

  • (A) Truth is what can be verified by hard empirical evidence.
  • (B) Truth is based on what can be perceived by the senses.
  • (C) Truth is the product of memory that is fallible, selective and slanted.
  • (D) Truth is contingent on the observer and can only be partial.

Question 25:

A firm needs both skilled labour and unskilled labour. Skilled wage = Rs. 40{,}000 per month; unskilled wage = Rs. 15{,}000 per month. The total wage bill for 100 labourers is Rs. 23{,}75{,}000 in a month. How many skilled labour are employed? (in Integer)}


Question 26:

Select the odd word and write the option number as answer:

  • (A) Lek
  • (B) Zloty
  • (C) Diner
  • (D) Drachma
  • (E) Real

Question 27:

In a writing system, if each unique grapheme represents a unique morpheme/word, the writing system is known as ______________.

  • (A) Logographic
  • (B) Syllabic
  • (C) Abugida
  • (D) Moraic

Question 28:

If an SOV language allows movement to OSV and VSO word orders, the resulting word order will be known as:

  • (A) Unmarked
  • (B) Marked
  • (C) Ungrammatical
  • (D) Default

Question 29:

The phenomenon where ‘missed hotel’ is pronounced as ‘hissed motel’ is known as _______________.

  • (A) Agrammatism
  • (B) Wernicke’s aphasia
  • (C) Spoonerism
  • (D) Malapropism

Question 30:

When new information is introduced in a communication, such information is classified as ________.

  • (A) Focus
  • (B) Topic
  • (C) Presupposition
  • (D) Theme

Question 31:

What type of morphological process is involved in the expression ‘English-vinglish’?

  • (A) Complete reduplication
  • (B) Partial reduplication
  • (C) Prefixation
  • (D) Suffixation

Question 32:

Which one of the following is a language isolate?

  • (A) Burushashki
  • (B) Mundari
  • (C) Angami
  • (D) Kalasha

Question 33:

Which of the following Dravidian language is spoken in Pakistan?

  • (A) Konda
  • (B) Kuvi
  • (C) Toda
  • (D) Brahui

Question 34:

Which word-order pair is the most common in world’s languages?

  • (A) SVO–SOV
  • (B) SOV–VSO
  • (C) VSO–VOS
  • (D) SOV–VOS

Question 35:

Which type of morphological process is involved in creating catty} from cat}?

  • (A) Inflection
  • (B) Derivation
  • (C) Suppletion
  • (D) Reduplication

Question 36:

Devanagari organizes the consonant graphemes as shown in the image. What is the parameter by which the following two rows differ?

  • (A) Voicing
  • (B) Manner of articulation
  • (C) Place of articulation
  • (D) Aspiration

Question 37:

Which option is related to Neo-Whorfism?

  • (A) Language, thought, worldview
  • (B) Innatenness, deep-structure, surface-structure
  • (C) Language, methods, analysis
  • (D) Signifier, signified, sign

Question 38:

Which of the following is/are involved in the comparative method for establishing language families and genetic relationship among languages?

  • (A) Reconstruction of the proto language
  • (B) Assembling a list of cognates
  • (C) Strictly using basic vocabulary lists
  • (D) Setting up sound correspondences

Question 39:

Aphasia can be caused by

  • (A) Open or closed head trauma
  • (B) Attention deficit
  • (C) Neurodegeneration in advanced age
  • (D) Lack of motivation

Question 40:

In sociolinguistics, the term ‘anti-language’ refers to the language used for

  • (A) Academic purposes by professional criminologists
  • (B) Legal proceedings in the court of law
  • (C) Communication by small non-mainstream groups
  • (D) Communication between caregivers and infants

Question 41:

In language policy making, which of the following steps is/are necessary for an erstwhile minority language, spoken by a sizeable population, to be introduced as a medium of instruction in schools?

  • (A) Language revival
  • (B) Corpus planning
  • (C) Status planning
  • (D) Language preservation

Question 42:

Which of the following research methods involve Reaction Time?

  • (A) Behavioral methods
  • (B) Experimental methods
  • (C) Non-behavioral methods
  • (D) Qualitative methods

Question 43:

If [p] and [pʰ] are allophones of the same phoneme /p/, which of the following statements is/are true?

  • (A) [p] and [pʰ] are in contrastive distribution
  • (B) [p] and [pʰ] are in complementary distribution
  • (C) [pʰ] has more restrictive occurrence than [p]
  • (D) [p] and [pʰ] can be used interchangeably

Question 44:

Which of the following show(s) dissociation between cognitive disorder and language abilities?

  • (A) Autism spectrum disorder
  • (B) Williams syndrome
  • (C) Dyslexia
  • (D) Specific Language Impairment (SLI)

Question 45:

Which of the following sound pairs differ from each other in exactly two articulatory parameters?

  • (A) [p] vs. [b]
  • (B) [t] vs. [s]
  • (C) [v] vs. [θ]
  • (D) [n] vs. [d]

Question 46:

The cover term determiner} refers to:

  • (A) Articles, demonstratives, and possessors
  • (B) Possessors, prepositions, and demonstratives
  • (C) Postpositions, articles, and prepositions
  • (D) Articles, prepositions, and possessors

Question 47:

In ‘John seems to have left’, the subject John has undergone:

  • (A) Subject-to-Subject lowering
  • (B) Object-to-Subject raising
  • (C) Subject-to-Subject raising
  • (D) Object-to-Object lowering

Question 48:

The comparative and superlative forms of the adjective ‘good’ are examples of:

  • (A) Alternation
  • (B) Syncope
  • (C) Ablaut
  • (D) Suppletion

Question 49:

Consider the following question and determine where was is moved finally, in accordance with the minimalist assumptions:

Was John, who wrote the book, angry?

  • (A) T to C
  • (B) C to T
  • (C) V to T
  • (D) T to V

Question 50:

Match the following historical sound changes in Column X with the processes in Column Y


  • (A) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
  • (B) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3
  • (C) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
  • (D) P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1

Question 51:

Consider the following morphological break-up of pfeifing} produced by a simultaneous bilingual child. What phenomenon does this example indicate?

  • (A) Code-mixing arising out of social bilingualism
  • (B) Code-switching based on context of the conversation
  • (C) Understanding both languages as part of a single ‘system’
  • (D) Mixed language arising out of pedagogical preferences

Question 52:

Which one of the following is compounding of compounded words?

  • (A) Lighthouse tower
  • (B) Skating board
  • (C) Boyfriend
  • (D) Walkman

Question 53:

What sociolinguistic phenomenon does the following sentence exemplify?

  • (A) Code switching
  • (B) Bilingualism
  • (C) Pidgin
  • (D) Mixed language

Question 54:

Identify the labels for X and Y in the following tree.

  • (A) X: Verb, Y: Adjective
  • (B) X: Adjective, Y: Adjective
  • (C) X: Adjective, Y: Verb
  • (D) X: Verb, Y: Verb

Question 55:

From the following, which is the correct order of animacy hierarchy?

  • (A) 1st/2nd Person \(>\) 3rd Person \(>\) Proper Name \(>\) Human Noun
  • (B) 3rd Person \(>\) 1st/2nd Person \(>\) Proper Name \(>\) Human Noun
  • (C) 3rd Person \(>\) 1st/2nd Person \(>\) Human Noun \(>\) Proper Name
  • (D) 1st/2nd Person \(>\) 3rd Person \(>\) Human Noun \(>\) Proper Name

Question 56:

Look at the adjectives in Column X and match with the types of adjectives in Column Y. Choose the correct option.
Column X                       Column Y
P. Blue shirt                  1.  Subsective
Q. Fake Picasso           2. Intersective
R. Big elephant            3.  Anti-intersective

  • (A) P-2, Q-3, R-1
  • (B) P-2, Q-1, R-3
  • (C) P-1, Q-2, R-3
  • (D) P-1, Q-3, R-2

Question 57:

In a given constraint ranking of COMPLEX, DEP-IO \(>>\) MAX-IO for the input /spun/, which of the following candidates is/are optimal?

  • (A) [su.pun]
  • (B) [pun]
  • (C) [sun]
  • (D) [is.pun]

Question 58:

Consider the pattern of stress assignment shown below. Which of the given statements is/are true?

  • (A) Stress assignment is from left to right
  • (B) There are/is extrametrical syllable(s)
  • (C) Feet are binary
  • (D) Stress system is iambic

Question 59:

In word processing studies, visual word recognition is affected by:

  • (A) Proficiency, word length, neighborhood effect
  • (B) Frequency, age of acquisition (AoA), familiarity
  • (C) McGurk effect, place and manner of articulation (PoA and MoA)
  • (D) Language family, areal features, phoneme inventory size

Question 60:

Identify the language(s) that belong(s) to the Balkan Sprachbund.

  • (A) Romanian
  • (B) Bulgarian
  • (C) Norwegian
  • (D) Swedish

Question 61:

Consider the following tree structure, where A and C are co-referential. Similarly, E and H are co-referential. Identify the incorrect} statement(s).

  • (A) A binds C
  • (B) C binds E
  • (C) E binds D
  • (D) A binds H

Question 62:

Which of the following statements is/are true for the pair - bird : cuckoo

  • (A) Cuckoo is the hyponym of bird
  • (B) Bird is the hypernym of cuckoo
  • (C) Cuckoo is the hypernym of bird
  • (D) Bird is the hyponym of cuckoo

Question 63:

In the sentences 1 through 4, in which one(s) a) entails b)?

Sentences:

1. a) Rama plays a string instrument. b) Rama is a violinist.

2. a) Hutolu sings. b) Hutolu is melodious.

3. a) Fido is a Dalmatian. b) Fido is a dog.

4. a) Students don’t study. b) Linguistics students do not study.

  • (A) 1a entails 1b
  • (B) 2a entails 2b
  • (C) 3a entails 3b
  • (D) 4a entails 4b

Question 64:

The following figure depicts a spectrum of a vowel (dashed line), where \(F_0 = 150\) Hz and \(F_0 = H1\). The harmonics are indicated from \(H1\) to \(H11\). From the figure, the frequency (in Hz) of the second formant (\(F2\)) of this vowel is _____.


Question 65:

The number of core arguments associated with the ditransitive verb ‘give’ is _____.



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