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Radioactivity is that property of matter in which the emission of energetic subatomic units occurs instinctively. Radioactivity normally refers to the subdivisions which are produced from the nuclei as a result of nuclear instability.
The unit of measuring the continuity of radioactivity was the Ci or curie. First of all, it's a communication to the one gram of radium-226. Newly cleared as 1 curie = 3.7×1010 radioactive decays per second. Thus when we converse about the unit of radioactivity the SI complex unit is kilogram meter squared per second. But, we will look at different units as well. There are normally three radioactivity units.
Keyterms: Radioactivity, Unit, Ci or curie, Bq (Becquerel), Alpha Decay, Beta Decay, Gamma Decay
What is Radioactivity?
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As we know, radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon in which there is a decay of the unbalanced nucleus. This decaying of the more unbalanced nucleus has been termed Radioactivity. The two powers, that is the more force of attraction of the nucleus and the force of repulsion, support to keep the nucleus together.
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Types of Radioactivity
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The initial work on normal radioactivity connected with thorium and uranium ores eliminated three separate categories of radioactivity:
- Alpha (α) – decay
- Beta (β) – decay
- Gamma (γ) – decay
Alpha Decay
The alpha decay, an active helium ion is evicted, leaving a daughter nucleus of atomic number two less than the parent and atomic mass number 4th less than the parent.
Provided for this and succeeding reactions are the energy free (Q) in a lot of electrons volts (MeV) and the half-life (t1⁄2). It must be recorded that in alpha decays the charges, or several protons, shown in subscript are in balance on both sides of the arrow, as are the atomic masses, shown in superscript.
Beta-minus Decay
In beta-minus decay, a vigorous negative electron is emitted, creating a daughter core of one higher nuclear number and a similar mass number.
In the above response for beta decay, ν represents the antineutrino. Here, the quantity of protons is expanded by one in the response, yet the absolute charge stays as before, because an electron, with a negative charge, is likewise made.
Gamma Decay
The third kind of radiation, gamma radiation, typically goes with alpha or beta decay. Photons rays are gamma rays and are without rest mass or charge. Alpha or beta decay may just continue straightforwardly to the ground (most reduced energy) condition of the little daughter core without gamma outflow, yet the decay may likewise continue entirely or somewhat to higher energy states (invigorated conditions) of the daughter.
In the last case, gamma emanation might happen as the invigorated states change to bring down energy conditions of a similar core. (On the other hand, to gamma discharge, an invigorated core might change to a lower energy state by catapulting an electron from the cloud encompassing the core. This orbital electron discharge is known as inner change and brings about a fiery electron and regularly an X-beam as the nuclear cloud fills in the void orbital of the shot out an electron. The proportion of inside change to the elective gamma discharge is known as the internal-conversion coefficient.)
What is the SI Unit of Radioactivity?
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The radioactivity of SI units is Bq (Becquerel) and this term is named after Henri Becquerel. Unit of radioactivity is explained as:
The activity of the amount of radioactive particles where one decay receives place per second.
Radioactive decays per second 2.703×10-11 Ci = 1 bq
Other Radioactivity Units
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A big radioactivity unit is the Ci (curie) and the name has been taken from Marie Curie and Pierre.
It is cleared as that amount of other radioactive particles which provides 3.7 X 1010s-1 disintegration (DPS).
But sometimes mc (microcurie) and mc (millicurie) are also used.
A different unit is rd (Rutherford) and it is cleared as the quantity of radioactive particles which provides 106 disintegrations s-1 (DPS).
- Radioactive decays per second 3.7×1010 = 1 curie
- Radioactive decays per second 2.703×10-11 Ci = 1 bq
- Radioactive decays per second 1.106 = 1 rutherford
Law of Radioactive Decay
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As indicated by the law of radioactive rot, at whatever point the material goes through a rot (both of the 3 referenced), the number of cores going through rot and the rot per unit time are straightforwardly relative to the absolute number of the cores that are available in the given example of the radioactive material.
Mathematical symbol of the Law of radioactive decay:
\((\frac{\Delta N}{\Delta t})\)∝ N or \((\frac{\Delta N}{\Delta t})\) = λN
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Sample Questions
Ques. Two radioactive materials, A and B taking decay constant as 5λ and λ individually. At the time, t = 0, an example has an equal number as that of the two nuclei. What will be the time taken for the ratio of the number of nuclei to become (1/e) 2? (2 marks)
Ans. N = N0 e-λt
As N0A = N0B (given)
So, for nuclei A and B
(NA/NB) = e(-λA + λB )t
t = [1/(λB – λA)]In(NA/NB)
Then the, 1/(λ – 5λ)In(1/e2) = 1/2λ
Ques. Radioactive materials are considered risky, then, at that point what is the reason to use them? (2 marks)
Ans. Radioactive materials are destructive to the general public when they are not put away as expected or are uncovered in an impromptu way, when the radiations are controlled and dealt with appropriately, they can't cause harm.
Ques. Is radioactivity of a substance influenced by Temperature/Magnetic fields? (2 marks)
Ans. No, the radioactivity of a substance isn't influenced by the Temperature/the attractive areas.
Ques. Clarify the law of Radioactive decay. (2 marks)
Ans. As indicated by the law of radioactive rot, at whatever point the material goes through a rot (either Alpha, Beta or Gamma), the number of cores going through rot and the decay per unit time are straightforwardly corresponding to the complete number of the cores that are available in the given example of the radioactive material.
Ques. What is the justification behind the radioactivity occurring? (2 marks)
Ans. Radioactivity happens when a temperamental core deteriorates to shape a more modest stable core, which is brought about by the outflows of the radiations (Alpha, beta, gamma).
Ques: Describe the Gamma Decay. (2 marks)
Ans. The third kind of radiation, gamma radiation, typically goes with alpha or beta decay. Photons rays are gamma rays and are without rest mass or charge. Alpha or beta decay may just continue straightforwardly to the ground (most reduced energy) condition of the little daughter core without gamma outflow, yet the decay may likewise continue entirely or somewhat to higher energy states (invigorated conditions) of the daughter.
Ques: What is the SI Unit of Radioactivity? (2 marks)
Ans. The radioactivity of SI units is Bq (Becquerel) and this term is named after Henri Becquerel. Unit of radioactivity is explained as:The activity of the amount of radioactive particles where one decay receives place per second.
Radioactive decays per second 2.703 × 10-11 Ci = 1 bq
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