CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical 2024, Syllabus, Marks Distribution, Preparation

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical 2024: List of Experiments and Activities

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical is divided into two sections - Section A and Section B. Students can check the complete list of experiments in each section here.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Section A

In Section A, students have to study the following experiments:

1. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.
2. To find the resistance of a given wire using a meter bridge and hence determine the resistivity (specific resistance) of its material.
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a meter bridge.
4. To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a meter bridge.
5. To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using a potentiometer.
6. To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using a potentiometer.
7. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
8. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of the desired range and to verify the same.
9. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of the desired range and to verify the same.
10. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Apart from the above experiments, students also have to study the following activities (for demonstration only):

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), and current (AC) and check the continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse, and a power source.
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for a steady current.
6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter, and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Section B

The list of experiments and activities in CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical 2024 Section B is provided below:

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
5. To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.
6. To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a traveling microscope.
7. To find the refractive index of a liquid by using the convex lens and plane mirror.
8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
9. To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breaks down voltage.
10. To determine the wavelength of a laser beam by diffraction.

The activities (for demonstration only) include the following:

1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor, and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
2. Use of a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in the case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
5. To observe the polarization of light using two Polaroids.
6. To observe the diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, and (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

Suggested Investigatory Projects

The following are the suggested investigatory projects for CBSE Class 12 Physics:

1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell depends.
2. To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR because of a variation in (a) the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR (keeping all the lamps at a fixed distance), (b) the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to 'illuminate' the LDR.
3. To find the refractive indices of (a) water and (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, an equi convex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index), and an adjustable object needle.
4. To design an appropriate logic gate combination for a given truth table.
5. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output and input voltage and (ii) the number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-designed transformer.
6. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids.
7. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical styrofoam (or pith) balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law.
8. To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of this coil when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.
9. To study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer.

Also Check:

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical for Visually Impaired Students

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical syllabus is different for visually impaired students. Students can check the syllabus below.

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity with the Apparatus for Assessment in Practical Experiments (Applicable to All Experiments)

• Meter scale
• General shape and appearance of the voltmeter and ammeter
• Battery or power supply
• Connecting wires
• Standard resistances
• Meter bridge
• Screw gauge
• Jockey
• Galvanometer
• Resistance box
• Potentiometer
• Leclanché cell
• Daniell cell (with simple differentiation based on their outer containers, i.e., glass and copper)
• Rheostat
• Plug-in and tapping keys
• Diode
• Resistor (both wire-wound and carbon types with two wires connected to each end)
• Capacitors (one or more types)
• Inductors
• Simple electric or electronic bell
• Battery or power supply for the bell
• Plug-in and tapping keys
• Convex lens
• Concave lens
• Convex mirror
• Concave mirror
• Core or hollow wooden cylinder
• Insulated wire
• Ferromagnetic rod
• Transformer core
• Additional insulated wire​

B. List of Practical Experiments

• To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph between voltage and current.
• To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel combination) of resistances by Ohm’s law.
• To find the resistance of a given wire using a meter bridge and hence determine the specific resistance (resistivity) of its material.
• To compare the e.m.f of two given primary cells using a potentiometer.
• To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method.
• To identify a resistor, capacitor, inductor, and diode from a mixed collection of such items.
• To understand the principle of (i) a NOT gate (ii) an OR gate (iii)an AND gate and to make their equivalent circuits using a bell and cells/battery and keys /switches
• To observe the difference between (i) a convex lens and a concave lens (ii) a convex mirror and a concave mirror and to estimate the likely difference between the power of two given convex /concave lenses.
• To design an inductor coil and to know the effect of (i) change in the number of turns (ii) the Introduction of ferromagnetic material as its core material on the inductance of the coil.
• To design a (i) step-up (ii) step-down transformer on a given core and know the relation between its input and output voltages.

Note: These practical experiments may be conducted experientially rather than solely based on recording observations.

Also Check CBSE Class 12 Physics Question Paper

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Guidelines for Visually Impaired Students

CBSE has specified certain guidelines for CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical for visually impaired students. Students can check the guidelines below:

• The practical examination will last for two hours.
• A distinct list of ten experiments will be provided.
• The written practical examination for visually impaired students will coincide with the regular practical examination for all other students.
• The written test for visually impaired students will be 30 minutes in duration.
• The question paper provided to visually impaired students must be neatly typed and comprise 15 practical skill-based very short answer-type questions. Students are required to answer any 10 of these questions.
• Visually impaired students may be permitted to have a writer as per CBSE examination regulations.
• All questions in the question papers should pertain to the experiments listed, and each question should be designed to be answerable within about two minutes.
• Visually impaired students are obligated to maintain a practical file, in which they should document at least five of the listed experiments, following specific guidelines provided for each subject. These practicals must be reviewed and signed by the internal examiner.
• The format for documenting any experiment in the practical file should encompass details such as the aim, necessary apparatus, a brief explanation of the theory, the procedure employed, practical skills demonstrated, and precautions taken, among other relevant information.
• Questions for the examination may be collaboratively generated by external and internal examiners to ensure equitable assessment.
• VIVA voce questions may encompass topics related to fundamental theories, principles, concepts, required apparatus and materials, chemicals, experimental procedures, precautions, and potential sources of error.

Also Check:

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Prescribed Books

CBSE has prescribed the following books for CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical:

• Physics, Class XI, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.
• Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.
• Laboratory Manual of Physics for class XII Published by NCERT.
• Other related books and manuals by NCERT, including multimedia resources.

Check NCERT Books Class 12