CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 for the 2027 board exams has been officially released by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) at cbseacademic.nic.in. The syllabus covers all three streams — Science, Commerce, and Humanities — and is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Students appearing in the CBSE Class 12 Board Exams 2027 must download the official subject-wise syllabus PDFs and plan their preparation around the rationalized topic lists.
- The syllabus spans three streams: Science (PCM and PCB), Commerce, and Humanities, with approximately 6 subjects per stream.
- CBSE introduced a twice-a-year board exam option for 2027 — students can appear in the February attempt and again in May, keeping the better score.
- The paper pattern now includes 50% competency-based questions (case/source-based), 20% MCQs and Assertion-Reason, and 30% Short and Long Answer questions.
- Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) carry a 70:30 theory-to-practical split; Mathematics and most other subjects use an 80:20 theory-to-internal-assessment split.
- Several topics have been rationalized (deleted) across subjects — Chemistry, Physics, Biology, and English — compared to previous sessions under CBSE’s NEP-aligned content reduction.
- The official syllabus PDF for 2026-27 was published on April 1, 2026 and is available at cbseacademic.nic.in.
- Students must secure at least 33% aggregate marks and 33% in each individual subject to pass the CBSE Class 12 board exams.
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27: Download Subject-wise PDFs
CBSE released the complete Class 12 Syllabus for the 2026-27 academic year on April 1, 2026, covering all streams and subjects. Always download the syllabus from cbseacademic.nic.in to ensure you have the authoritative, examination-relevant version.
| Stream | Subject | Subject Code | Syllabus PDF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Science | Physics | 042 | Physics Syllabus PDF |
| Science | Chemistry | 043 | Chemistry Syllabus PDF |
| Science / Commerce | Mathematics | 041 | Mathematics Syllabus PDF |
| Science (Medical) | Biology | 044 | Biology Syllabus PDF |
| All Streams | English Core | 301 | English Core Syllabus PDF |
| Commerce | Accountancy | 055 | Accountancy Syllabus PDF |
| Commerce | Business Studies | 054 | Business Studies Syllabus PDF |
| Commerce / Humanities | Economics | 030 | Economics Syllabus PDF |
| Humanities | History | 027 | History Syllabus PDF |
| Humanities | Political Science | 028 | Political Science Syllabus PDF |
| Humanities | Geography | 029 | Geography Syllabus PDF |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027: Overview
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) prescribes the Class 12 syllabus for the Senior Secondary stage, covering the 2026-27 academic session. The board conducts examinations for students in CBSE-affiliated schools across India. The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 is rationalized under NEP 2020 and forms the only basis for all board exam questions.
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Conducting Body | Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) |
| Official Websites | cbse.gov.in | cbseacademic.nic.in |
| Academic Session | 2026-27 |
| Board Exam Year | 2027 |
| Streams Covered | Science (PCM / PCB), Commerce, Humanities |
| Syllabus Released | April 1, 2026 |
| Exam Attempts in 2027 | Two — February 2027 and May 2027 (better score retained) |
| Theory Marks (Science) | 70 marks — Physics, Chemistry, Biology |
| Theory Marks (Others) | 80 marks — Mathematics, English, Commerce, Humanities subjects |
| Practical / Internal Assessment | 30 marks (Science practicals) | 20 marks (other subjects) |
| Question Paper Pattern | 50% Competency-based | 20% MCQ/Assertion-Reason | 30% Short/Long Answer |
| Passing Criteria | 33% in each subject and 33% aggregate |
| Syllabus Framework | NEP 2020 aligned; NCERT textbooks as primary reference |
CBSE Class 12 Important Dates 2026-27
The table below lists key events for the CBSE Class 12 Board Exams 2027. Upcoming events appear first, followed by events that have already occurred.
| Event | Expected / Actual Date | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Online Enrolment / Registration | August – October 2026 | Upcoming |
| Date Sheet Release | Expected December 2026 | Upcoming |
| Practical Examinations | January – February 2027 | Upcoming |
| Theory Exams — February Attempt | February – March 2027 | Upcoming |
| Theory Exams — May Attempt | May 2027 | Upcoming |
| Result — February Attempt | Expected May 2027 | Upcoming |
| Result — May Attempt | Expected July 2027 | Upcoming |
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 Released | April 1, 2026 | Released |
| Academic Session 2026-27 Commenced | April 2026 | Over |
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026-27
The CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus 2026-27 (Subject Code 042) is divided into 9 units covering 14 chapters. The theory paper carries 70 marks and the practical carries 30 marks. Physics is entirely NCERT-based — mastering all NCERT derivations, diagrams, and numericals is essential for scoring high in the 2027 board exam. Selected sub-topics from several chapters have been removed under NEP rationalization.
| Unit | Unit Name | Chapters Covered | Key Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Electrostatics | Ch 1: Electric Charges and Fields Ch 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | Unit I Topics — Click Here Electric charge conservation; Coulomb’s law; superposition principle; electric field and field lines; electric flux; Gauss’s theorem and applications; electrostatic potential; potential difference; potential energy; capacitors in series and parallel; energy stored in a capacitor; dielectrics and their effect on capacitance. |
| Unit II | Current Electricity | Ch 3: Current Electricity | Unit II Topics — Click Here Electric current; drift velocity; Ohm’s Law; resistivity and its temperature dependence; electrical energy and power; Kirchhoff’s Laws; Wheatstone bridge; metre bridge; potentiometer — principle and applications for EMF comparison and internal resistance measurement. |
| Unit III | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | Ch 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism Ch 5: Magnetism and Matter | Unit III Topics — Click Here Biot-Savart Law; Ampere’s circuital law; solenoid and toroid; magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor; moving coil galvanometer; bar magnet as magnetic dipole; Earth’s magnetic field and its elements; magnetisation; dia-, para-, and ferromagnetic materials; permanent magnets. |
| Unit IV | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | Ch 6: Electromagnetic Induction Ch 7: Alternating Current | Unit IV Topics — Click Here Faraday’s laws; Lenz’s law; eddy currents; self and mutual inductance; AC generator; peak and RMS values; impedance; LCR series circuit; resonance; power factor; quality factor; LC oscillations; transformers. |
| Unit V | Electromagnetic Waves | Ch 8: Electromagnetic Waves | Unit V Topics — Click Here Displacement current and Ampere’s modified law; electromagnetic spectrum — radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays; characteristics and uses of each band. |
| Unit VI | Optics | Ch 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Ch 10: Wave Optics | Unit VI Topics — Click Here Reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces; mirror formula; total internal reflection; optical fibre; refraction through prism; scattering of light; power of lens; microscopes and telescopes; wavefront and Huygens’ principle; Young’s double slit experiment; interference; single slit diffraction; polarisation; Brewster’s law; Malus’s Law. |
| Unit VII | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Ch 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Photoelectric effect; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light; de Broglie hypothesis; Davisson-Germer experiment |
| Unit VIII | Atoms and Nuclei | Ch 12: Atoms Ch 13: Nuclei | Rutherford’s model; Bohr model; hydrogen spectrum; composition of nucleus; binding energy per nucleon; mass-energy relation; nuclear fission and fusion; radioactivity; alpha, beta, and gamma decay |
| Unit IX | Electronic Devices | Ch 14: Semiconductor Electronics | Unit IX Topics — Click Here Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors, insulators; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n junction diode; forward and reverse bias; I-V characteristics; diode as rectifier; Zener diode as voltage regulator; transistor as amplifier and switch; logic gates — AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR. |
CBSE Class 12 Physics Unit-wise Weightage 2026-27
| Unit Group | Units / Chapters | Marks (Theory — 70) |
|---|---|---|
| Electrostatics + Current Electricity | Units I–II (Ch 1–3) | 16 |
| Magnetic Effects + EMI + AC | Units III–IV (Ch 4–7) | 17 |
| EM Waves + Optics | Units V–VI (Ch 8–10) | 18 |
| Dual Nature + Atoms and Nuclei | Units VII–VIII (Ch 11–13) | 12 |
| Electronic Devices | Unit IX (Ch 14) | 7 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 | |
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2026-27
The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry syllabus 2026-27 (Subject Code 043) has been rationalized to cover 10 chapters after removal of Solid State, Surface Chemistry, General Principles of Isolation of Elements, and p-Block Groups 16–18. The theory paper is 70 marks and practical is 30 marks. Organic Chemistry carries the highest weightage — you must master all named reactions and mechanisms from NCERT.
| Branch | Chapter | Key Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| Physical Chemistry | Solutions | Solutions Topics — Click Here Types of solutions; concentration terms; Raoult’s law; colligative properties — relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure; abnormal molecular masses; Van’t Hoff factor. |
| Electrochemistry | Electrochemistry Topics — Click Here Electrochemical cells; galvanic cells; EMF; standard electrode potential; Nernst equation; Gibbs energy and EMF; Kohlrausch’s law; electrolysis; Faraday’s laws; batteries — primary and secondary; fuel cells; corrosion. | |
| Chemical Kinetics | Chemical Kinetics Topics — Click Here Rate of reaction; factors affecting rate; rate law and rate constant; order and molecularity; integrated rate equations for zero and first order; half-life; activation energy; Arrhenius equation; collision theory. | |
| Inorganic Chemistry | The p-Block Elements (Group 15 — Nitrogen Family) | p-Block Topics — Click Here Occurrence; properties of N₂; nitrogen cycle; ammonia — preparation, properties; nitric acid; phosphorus allotropes; phosphine; phosphorus halides; oxoacids of phosphorus. Note: Groups 16, 17, 18 are deleted for 2026-27. |
| d and f Block Elements | d-f Block Topics — Click Here General properties of transition metals; electronic configuration; variable oxidation states; magnetic properties; colour; catalytic activity; interstitial compounds; alloys; K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄ — preparation, properties, uses; lanthanides and actinides. | |
| Coordination Compounds | Coordination Topics — Click Here Werner’s theory; IUPAC nomenclature; types of ligands; coordination number; isomerism — structural and stereo; bonding — VBT and CFT; colour and magnetic properties; stability constants; biological importance. | |
| Organic Chemistry | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Classification; nomenclature; SN1 and SN2 mechanisms; stereochemistry; elimination reactions; DDT; environmental effects |
| Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Classification; preparation; dehydration of alcohols; oxidation; acidic nature of phenol; Williamson synthesis; industrial uses | |
| Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Carbonyl Compound Topics — Click Here Nomenclature; nucleophilic addition reactions; Cannizzaro reaction; aldol condensation; oxidation and reduction; carboxylic acids — acidity; esterification; Kolbe’s reaction; Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction; acid derivatives. | |
| Amines | Classification; preparation; basicity comparison; diazonium salts and their importance; Gabriel synthesis; Hoffmann bromamide degradation | |
| Biomolecules | Carbohydrates — classification, glucose structure, reducing sugars; amino acids and proteins; enzymes; vitamins; nucleic acids — DNA and RNA structure and function |
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter-wise Weightage 2026-27
| Chapter | Approx. Marks (Theory — 70) |
|---|---|
| Solutions | 7 |
| Electrochemistry | 9 |
| Chemical Kinetics | 7 |
| d and f Block Elements | 7 |
| Coordination Compounds | 7 |
| Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 6 |
| Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 6 |
| Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 8 |
| Amines | 6 |
| Biomolecules | 7 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 |
| Practical | 30 |
CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus 2026-27
The CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus 2026-27 (Subject Code 041) covers 6 major units and 13 chapters. The theory paper is 80 marks and internal assessment is 20 marks. Calculus alone accounts for 35 marks — it is the single most critical unit and demands the most preparation time.
| Unit | Unit Name | Chapters Included | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Relations and Functions | Relations and Functions; Inverse Trigonometric Functions | Unit I Topics — Click Here Types of relations; types of functions; composite functions; invertibility; binary operations; inverse trigonometric functions — domain, range, principal values, properties, and graphical representation. |
| Unit II | Algebra | Matrices; Determinants | Unit II Topics — Click Here Matrix types; operations; transpose; symmetric and skew-symmetric; elementary row/column operations; invertible matrices; determinants up to order 3; cofactors; adjoint; solving system of linear equations using matrix method; area of triangle; Cramer’s rule. |
| Unit III | Calculus | Continuity and Differentiability; Application of Derivatives; Integrals; Application of Integrals; Differential Equations | Unit III Topics — Click Here Continuity and differentiability of composite, implicit, exponential, logarithmic, and parametric functions; second-order derivatives; Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems; increasing/decreasing functions; maxima and minima; tangents and normals; integration as anti-derivative; integration by substitution, partial fractions, by-parts; definite integrals; area under curves; order and degree of differential equations; variable separable; homogeneous; linear first-order differential equations. |
| Unit IV | Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry | Vectors; Three-Dimensional Geometry | Unit IV Topics — Click Here Types of vectors; dot product and cross product; scalar triple product; direction cosines and ratios; equations of lines and planes in 3D; angle between line and plane; skew lines; shortest distance between two lines. |
| Unit V | Linear Programming | Linear Programming | Formulation of LPP; graphical method; feasible and infeasible regions; corner-point method; bounded and unbounded regions; types of problems |
| Unit VI | Probability | Probability | Unit VI Topics — Click Here Conditional probability; multiplication theorem; independent events; total probability theorem; Bayes’ theorem; random variable and probability distribution; mean and variance of a random variable; Binomial distribution. |
CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Unit-wise Weightage 2026-27
| Unit | Unit Name | Marks (Theory — 80) |
|---|---|---|
| I | Relations and Functions | 8 |
| II | Algebra | 10 |
| III | Calculus | 35 |
| IV | Vectors and 3D Geometry | 14 |
| V | Linear Programming | 5 |
| VI | Probability | 8 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
| Internal Assessment | 20 | |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2026-27
The CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus 2026-27 (Subject Code 044) spans Units VI through X. Three complete chapters have been deleted for 2026-27: Chapter 1 (Reproduction in Organisms), Chapter 9 (Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production), and Chapter 16 (Environmental Issues). The theory paper is 70 marks and practical is 30 marks. Genetics and Evolution carries the highest weightage at 18 marks and overlaps significantly with NEET preparation.
| Unit | Unit Name | Chapters in Syllabus | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit VI | Reproduction | Ch 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Ch 3: Human Reproduction Ch 4: Reproductive Health (Ch 1 deleted) | Reproduction Topics — Click Here Flower structure; pollination types; fertilisation; post-fertilisation changes; fruits and seeds; apomixis; polyembryony; male and female reproductive systems in humans; gametogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation and implantation; pregnancy and parturition; reproductive health; contraception; STDs; MTP; infertility. |
| Unit VII | Genetics and Evolution | Ch 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Ch 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Ch 7: Evolution | Genetics Topics — Click Here Mendel’s laws; incomplete dominance; co-dominance; sex determination; mutation; chromosomal disorders; DNA structure (Watson-Crick model); replication; transcription; translation; genetic code; gene regulation (lac operon); Human Genome Project; DNA fingerprinting; origin of life; Darwin’s theory; Hardy-Weinberg principle; speciation; brief account of evolution. |
| Unit VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | Ch 8: Human Health and Disease Ch 10: Microbes in Human Welfare (Ch 9 deleted) | Common diseases — typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, dengue, AIDS, cancer; immunity — innate and acquired; vaccines; drugs and alcohol abuse; microbes in food processing; sewage treatment; biogas; biocontrol agents; biofertilizers |
| Unit IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | Ch 11: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Ch 12: Biotechnology and its Applications | Biotechnology Topics — Click Here Recombinant DNA technology; tools — restriction enzymes, vectors, cloning; PCR; gel electrophoresis; transgenic organisms; Bt crops; golden rice; insulin production; gene therapy; RNAi; ethical issues in biotechnology. |
| Unit X | Ecology and Environment | Ch 13: Organisms and Populations (selected topics) Ch 14: Ecosystem (selected topics) Ch 15: Biodiversity and Conservation (Ch 16 deleted) | Organism-environment interactions; population attributes and growth models; ecosystem — structure and function; productivity; decomposition; energy flow; ecological succession; nutrient cycling; biodiversity — types and importance; threats; in-situ and ex-situ conservation; hotspots |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Unit-wise Weightage 2026-27
| Unit | Unit Name | Approx. Marks (Theory — 70) |
|---|---|---|
| VI | Reproduction | 14 |
| VII | Genetics and Evolution | 18 |
| VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
| IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
| X | Ecology and Environment | 14 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 | |
CBSE Class 12 English Core Syllabus 2026-27
The CBSE Class 12 English Core syllabus 2026-27 (Subject Code 301) consists of two prescribed NCERT textbooks — Flamingo (Main Reader) and Vistas (Supplementary Reader) — alongside Reading Skills and Writing Skills. The theory paper carries 80 marks and internal assessment carries 20 marks. One Flamingo prose chapter (Lost Spring) and two Vistas chapters (Should Wizard Hit Mommy? and Evans Tries an O-Level) have been deleted for 2026-27 and will not be tested in the 2027 board exam.
Flamingo — Prose (Main Reader)
| Chapter | Title | Status for 2026-27 |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | The Last Lesson | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 2 | Lost Spring | Deleted — Do Not Prepare |
| Chapter 3 | Deep Water | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 4 | The Rattrap | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 5 | Indigo | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 6 | Poets and Pancakes | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 7 | The Interview | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 8 | Going Places | In Syllabus |
Flamingo — Poetry
| Poem | Title | Poet | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poem 1 | My Mother at Sixty-Six | Kamala Das | In Syllabus |
| Poem 2 | Keeping Quiet | Pablo Neruda | In Syllabus |
| Poem 3 | A Thing of Beauty | John Keats | In Syllabus |
| Poem 4 | A Roadside Stand | Robert Frost | In Syllabus |
| Poem 5 | Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers | Adrienne Rich | In Syllabus |
Vistas — Supplementary Reader
| Chapter | Title | Status for 2026-27 |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | The Third Level | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 2 | The Tiger King | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 3 | Journey to the End of the Earth | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 4 | The Enemy | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 5 | Should Wizard Hit Mommy? | Deleted — Do Not Prepare |
| Chapter 6 | On the Face of It | In Syllabus |
| Chapter 7 | Evans Tries an O-Level | Deleted — Do Not Prepare |
| Chapter 8 | Memories of Childhood | In Syllabus |
English Core — Section-wise Marks Distribution
| Section | Area | Content | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Reading Skills | Two unseen passages — one factual, one discursive; comprehension, note-making, vocabulary questions | 26 |
| B | Writing Skills | Notice, Letter (formal/informal), Article, Report, Speech; Grammar — tenses, clauses, modals, voice, narration | 24 |
| C | Literature | Extracts from Flamingo (prose and poetry) and Vistas; short and long answer questions | 30 |
| — | Internal Assessment | Periodic Tests (10) + Listening and Speaking Activities (5) + Portfolio (5) | 20 |
| Grand Total | 100 | ||
CBSE Class 12 Commerce Stream Syllabus 2026-27
Commerce stream students in CBSE Class 12 typically study Accountancy, Business Studies, and Economics, often combined with Mathematics. All three subjects carry 80 marks theory and 20 marks project/internal assessment — start your project work early in the academic session to avoid last-minute pressure.
Accountancy (Code 055)
| Part | Unit | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies | Unit 1: Partnership Accounts | Nature of partnership; goodwill; admission; retirement; death; dissolution of partnership | 60 |
| Unit 2: Company Accounts | Share capital; issue and forfeiture of shares; issue and redemption of debentures; financial statements of companies | ||
| Part B: Financial Statement Analysis | Unit 3: Analysis of Financial Statements | Common size and comparative statements; ratio analysis — liquidity, solvency, activity, profitability ratios | 20 |
| Unit 4: Cash Flow Statement | Preparation of Cash Flow Statement as per AS-3 (Revised); operating, investing, and financing activities | ||
| Total (Theory) | 80 | ||
Business Studies (Code 054)
| Part | Units | Key Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part A: Principles and Functions of Management | Units 1–7 | Nature and Significance of Management; Principles of Management (Fayol, Taylor); Business Environment; Planning; Organising; Staffing; Directing (Motivation, Leadership, Communication); Controlling | 50 |
| Part B: Business Finance and Marketing | Units 8–12 | Financial Management; Financial Markets; Marketing Management (Product, Price, Place, Promotion); Consumer Protection | 30 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | ||
Economics (Code 030)
| Part | Units | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics | Units 1–5 | National Income Accounting (GDP, NNP, GNP); Money and Banking; Aggregate Demand and Supply; Income Determination; Government Budget and the Economy; Balance of Payments | 40 |
| Part B: Indian Economic Development | Units 6–10 | Development Experience 1947–1990; Economic Reforms since 1991; Poverty; Human Capital; Rural Development; Infrastructure; India’s Development Strategies | 40 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | ||
CBSE Class 12 Humanities Stream Syllabus 2026-27
Humanities (Arts) stream students may choose History, Political Science, Geography, Sociology, or Psychology alongside Economics. History, Political Science, and Geography are the most widely selected Humanities subjects. All carry 80 marks theory and 20 marks internal assessment or project.
History (Code 027)
| Theme No. | Theme Title | Historical Period / Focus |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bricks, Beads and Bones | Harappan Civilisation |
| 2 | Kings, Farmers and Towns | Early States and Economies (600 BCE – 600 CE) |
| 3 | Kinship, Caste and Class | Early Societies (600 BCE – 600 CE) |
| 4 | Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings | Cultural Developments (600 BCE – 600 CE) |
| 5 | Through the Eyes of Travellers | Perceptions of Society (10th–17th centuries) |
| 6 | Bhakti-Sufi Traditions | Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts |
| 7 | An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara | 14th–16th centuries |
| 8 | Peasants, Zamindars and the State | Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (16th–17th centuries) |
| 9 | Kings and Chronicles | The Mughal Courts (16th–17th centuries) |
| 10 | Colonialism and the Countryside | Exploring Official Archives |
| 11 | Rebels and the Raj | The Revolt of 1857 |
| 12 | Colonial Cities | Urbanisation, Planning and Architecture |
| 13 | Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement | Civil Disobedience and Beyond |
| 14 | Understanding Partition | Politics, Memories, and Experiences |
| 15 | Framing the Constitution | The Beginning of a New Era |
Political Science (Code 028)
| Part | Units | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part A: Contemporary World Politics | Units 1–9 | Cold War Era; End of Bipolarity; US Hegemony; Alternative Centres of Power; South Asia; International Organisations; Security; Environment; Globalisation | 40 |
| Part B: Politics in India since Independence | Units 1–9 | Nation Building; Era of One-Party Dominance; Planned Development; India’s External Relations; Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System; Emergency; Popular Movements; Regional Aspirations; Recent Developments | 40 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | ||
Geography (Code 029)
| Part | Units | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography | Units 1–5 | Human Geography — Nature and Scope; People; Human Activities; Transport, Communication and Trade; Human Settlements | 35 |
| Part B: India — People and Economy | Units 6–10 | People; Human Settlements; Resources and Development; Transport and International Trade; Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems | 35 |
| Practical Work | — | Processing of Data; Thematic Mapping; Spatial Information Technology; Field Survey | 10 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | ||
CBSE Class 12 Deleted Syllabus 2026-27
CBSE has rationalized the Class 12 syllabus under its NEP 2020 content reduction framework. No questions from the deleted topics listed below will appear in the CBSE Class 12 Board Exam 2027. Cross-check the official cbseacademic.nic.in subject PDFs before finalizing your study plan.
| Subject | Deleted Chapter / Topic | Previous Chapter Number |
|---|---|---|
| Physics | Selected sub-topics from Current Electricity, Moving Charges and Magnetism, Magnetism and Matter, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current, Ray Optics, and Wave Optics | Ch 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 (partial) |
| Chemistry | Solid State | Chapter 1 |
| Chemistry | Surface Chemistry | Chapter 5 |
| Chemistry | General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements | Chapter 6 |
| Chemistry | The p-Block Elements — Groups 16 (Oxygen family), 17 (Halogens), 18 (Noble Gases) | Chapter 7 (partial) |
| Biology | Reproduction in Organisms | Chapter 1 |
| Biology | Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production | Chapter 9 |
| Biology | Environmental Issues | Chapter 16 |
| Biology | Selected topics from Organisms and Populations and Ecosystem | Ch 13, 14 (partial) |
| English Core (Flamingo) | Lost Spring | Prose Chapter 2 |
| English Core (Vistas) | Should Wizard Hit Mommy? | Chapter 5 |
| English Core (Vistas) | Evans Tries an O-Level | Chapter 7 |
Best Books for CBSE Class 12 2027
NCERT textbooks are the primary and most important resource for CBSE Class 12 board exams. Complete every chapter, example, and exercise from NCERT before picking up any reference book — most board questions are NCERT-based or minimal variations.
| Subject | Book Name | Author / Publisher | Why This Book |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physics | NCERT Physics Part I and Part II | NCERT | Primary reference; all board questions are NCERT-based or minimal variations |
| Physics | Concepts of Physics (Vol. 1 and 2) | H.C. Verma / Bharati Bhawan | Builds strong problem-solving skills; excellent for numericals beyond NCERT level |
| Chemistry | NCERT Chemistry Part I and Part II | NCERT | Mandatory; NCERT reactions and mechanisms are directly tested in the board paper |
| Chemistry | Modern’s ABC of Chemistry Class 12 | S.P. Jauhar / Modern Publishers | Covers named reactions and mechanisms comprehensively; strong on Organic Chemistry |
| Mathematics | NCERT Mathematics Class 12 (Part I and II) | NCERT | All board questions are direct NCERT problems or step-up variations |
| Mathematics | Mathematics Class 12 (Vol. 1 and 2) | R.D. Sharma / Dhanpat Rai | Extensive graded problem sets; especially strong on Calculus and Algebra practice |
| Biology | NCERT Biology Class 12 | NCERT | Board questions and diagrams come directly from NCERT; irreplaceable |
| Biology | Trueman’s Elementary Biology (Vol. 2) | K.N. Bhatia / Trueman’s | Comprehensive diagrams and explanations for Genetics, Biotechnology, and Ecology |
| English | Together with English Core Class 12 | Rachna Sagar | Chapter summaries, annotations, previous year questions, and sample papers |
| Accountancy | Double Entry Book Keeping (Class 12) | T.S. Grewal / Sultan Chand | Gold standard for Accountancy; covers all Partnership and Company Accounts comprehensively |
| Economics | NCERT Introductory Macroeconomics and Indian Economic Development | NCERT | All board questions in Economics are NCERT-aligned; no substitute exists |
How to Download CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 PDF
Follow these steps to download the official CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 PDF from the CBSE Academic website.
- Visit the official CBSE Academic website: cbseacademic.nic.in.
- Click on the "Curriculum" tab in the top navigation menu.
- Select "Senior Secondary Curriculum (Class XI–XII)" from the dropdown or list.
- Look for the 2026-27 session and click on it.
- Click on your desired subject name — the PDF will open in a new browser tab.
- Press Ctrl + S (Windows) or Cmd + S (Mac) to save the PDF, or click the download icon in your PDF viewer.
Note: Always download from cbseacademic.nic.in or cbse.gov.in — third-party websites may carry outdated or incomplete syllabus versions.
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2027
The CBSE Class 12 Board Exam 2027 follows a competency-based assessment pattern aligned with NEP 2020. You must prepare not just for recall-based questions but also for application-level case studies and source-based questions, which now form 50% of every theory paper.
| Parameter | Science (Physics / Chemistry / Biology) | Mathematics and Other Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| Theory Marks | 70 | 80 |
| Practical / Internal Assessment | 30 (Practical Exams) | 20 (Projects / Internal Assessment) |
| Total Marks | 100 | 100 |
| Duration (Theory Paper) | 3 hours | 3 hours |
| Competency-Based Questions (50%) | Case-based, source-based, passage-based, data-interpretation questions | |
| Select Response Questions (20%) | MCQs and Assertion-Reason type questions | |
| Constructed Response (30%) | Short answer (2–3 marks) and Long answer (5 marks) questions | |
| Exam Attempts in 2027 | Two — February Attempt and May Attempt (better score retained) | |
| Passing Marks | 33% in each subject and 33% aggregate | |
CBSE Class 12 Preparation Tips 2027
With theory exams beginning in February 2027, students starting focused preparation in August 2026 have approximately five to six months. Cover the official CBSE syllabus from cbseacademic.nic.in — not any third-party list — to avoid studying deleted or out-of-scope topics.
Physics
- Electrostatics, Optics, and Magnetic Effects are the three highest-weightage unit groups — together they account for 51 of the 70 theory marks. Prioritize these first.
- Memorize all NCERT derivations: Gauss’s theorem, mirror formula, Young’s double slit experiment, Faraday’s law. Board papers test these directly.
- Practice at least 50 numericals per unit. Every Physics paper includes 5–6 numerical questions.
- Deleted sub-topics from Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 are not in the 2026-27 syllabus. Do not prepare them.
- For practicals, learn apparatus setup, observation tables, and sources of error for all prescribed experiments.
Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry (amines, aldehydes, halides, biomolecules) carries the highest combined weightage. Master all named reactions and mechanisms.
- For Physical Chemistry, practise Electrochemistry and Chemical Kinetics numericals daily — Nernst equation and Arrhenius equation appear every year.
- Skip Solid State, Surface Chemistry, General Principles of Isolation, and p-Block Groups 16–18. These are deleted for 2026-27 and will not be tested.
- Learn IUPAC naming for all organic compound classes. Board papers always test nomenclature as 1–2 mark questions.
- Biomolecules is factual and can be covered in a focused single session — prepare it close to the exam for retention.
Mathematics
- Calculus carries 35 marks — the largest unit in the paper. Spend at least 40% of your Mathematics preparation time on Chapters 5–9.
- Practice integration daily. Definite integrals and differential equations appear in most board years.
- Vectors and 3D Geometry (14 marks) is entirely formula-based. Maintain a dedicated formula sheet and revise it weekly.
- Solve at least 10 full CBSE board papers from the past five years under timed conditions before your February attempt.
- Internal Assessment carries 20 marks — complete project and portfolio work diligently; these are easy full marks.
Biology
- Genetics and Evolution (18 marks) demands deep conceptual study. Mendelian numericals, Punnett squares, lac operon, and DNA replication mechanisms are tested every year.
- Draw and label NCERT diagrams for every chapter. At least 5 marks per theory paper are diagram-based.
- Chapter 1 (Reproduction in Organisms), Chapter 9 (Food Production), and Chapter 16 (Environmental Issues) are deleted. Do not prepare them.
- Biotechnology (12 marks): focus on recombinant DNA tools, Bt crops, insulin production, and gene therapy — these are frequent 3-mark and 5-mark questions.
- For practical exams, be familiar with all prescribed spotting specimens, slides, and experiments.
English Core
- For Literature (30 marks), focus on all retained Flamingo prose chapters — The Last Lesson, Deep Water, Indigo, and Poets and Pancakes — and all five poems.
- Lost Spring (Flamingo Ch 2), Should Wizard Hit Mommy? (Vistas Ch 5), and Evans Tries an O-Level (Vistas Ch 7) are deleted. Do not prepare these chapters.
- Practice at least one Writing Skills task (Article/Report/Letter/Notice) every alternate day. Timed practice improves quality and speed.
- Reading Comprehension (26 marks): practice unseen passages from newspapers, journals, and past CBSE papers regularly.
- Internal Assessment (20 marks) includes Listening and Speaking — attend all in-school assessments to secure every mark available.
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 FAQs
Ques. Has the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus been reduced for 2026-27?
Ans. Yes, CBSE has rationalized the Class 12 syllabus for 2026-27 under NEP 2020. In Chemistry, Solid State, Surface Chemistry, General Principles of Isolation of Elements, and p-Block Groups 16–18 are deleted. In Biology, Chapters 1, 9, and 16 are fully removed. In English, Flamingo Chapter 2 (Lost Spring) and Vistas Chapters 5 and 7 are deleted. Physics has selected sub-topics removed from several chapters. Download the official subject PDF from cbseacademic.nic.in for the complete deleted topics list.
Ques. Which unit has the highest weightage in CBSE Class 12 board exams?
Ans. Within each subject, the highest-weightage unit or group is: Calculus (35/80 marks) in Mathematics; Optics + EM Waves group (18/70 marks) in Physics; Genetics and Evolution (18/70 marks) in Biology; Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (8/70 marks) in Chemistry; and Literature Section C (30/80 marks) in English Core. Students should prioritize these units early in their preparation.
Ques. Is NCERT enough to score 90+ in CBSE Class 12 boards 2027?
Ans. Yes, NCERT is the foundation and is sufficient for most subjects to score 90+ marks. CBSE frames all board exam questions directly from NCERT content, in-text examples, and exercises. You must read every line, solve every exercise, and practise all NCERT diagrams. For extra numericals in Mathematics and Physics, supplement with R.D. Sharma and H.C. Verma respectively after completing NCERT fully.
Ques. Where can I download the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 PDF?
Ans. You can download the official CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 PDF from cbseacademic.nic.in. Navigate to Curriculum → Senior Secondary Curriculum (Class XI–XII) → 2026-27. Subject-wise PDFs are available for all streams. Always use the official CBSE Academic website — third-party websites may carry outdated versions.
Ques. What chapters are deleted from CBSE Class 12 English for 2026-27?
Ans. The following chapters are deleted from CBSE Class 12 English Core for 2026-27: Flamingo Chapter 2 — Lost Spring (Prose); Vistas Chapter 5 — Should Wizard Hit Mommy?; and Vistas Chapter 7 — Evans Tries an O-Level. These will not be tested in the 2027 board exam. All five poems in Flamingo remain in the syllabus.
Ques. Can CBSE Class 12 students appear in board exams twice in 2027?
Ans. Yes. CBSE has introduced a twice-a-year board exam option. You can appear in Session 1 (February 2027) and again in Session 2 (May 2027). The higher of your two scores will be treated as the final result. This option removes the pressure of a single high-stakes attempt and gives you a second chance without repeating the full academic year.
Ques. Which chapters are deleted from CBSE Class 12 Biology 2026-27?
Ans. Three full chapters are deleted from CBSE Class 12 Biology for 2026-27: Chapter 1 — Reproduction in Organisms; Chapter 9 — Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production; and Chapter 16 — Environmental Issues. Selected topics from Chapters 13 and 14 have also been removed. The remaining syllabus spans Units VI through X, covering approximately 12 chapters.
Ques. What is the exam pattern for CBSE Class 12 boards 2027?
Ans. CBSE Class 12 board exam 2027 papers include three question types: 50% competency-based questions (case-based, source-based, passage-based), 20% MCQs and Assertion-Reason questions, and 30% Short and Long Answer questions. Science theory papers are 70 marks with 30 marks practical. Mathematics, English, and most other subjects are 80 marks theory with 20 marks internal assessment. All papers are 3 hours long.
Ques. What are the best books for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2027?
Ans. NCERT Chemistry Class 12 (Parts I and II) is the primary and most important resource. All reaction mechanisms and organic chemistry content tested in board exams come from NCERT directly. For additional practice, Modern’s ABC of Chemistry by S.P. Jauhar is widely recommended for its coverage of named reactions and mechanisms. For Physical Chemistry numericals, additional practice books focused on Electrochemistry and Chemical Kinetics are helpful.
Ques. How many months do I need to cover the full CBSE Class 12 syllabus for 2027?
Ans. Students starting focused board preparation in August 2026 have approximately 5–6 months before the February 2027 theory exams. A structured plan should allocate: the first 3 months (August–October) for completing all NCERT chapters and making notes; the next month (November) for chapter-wise revision and past-year question practice; and the final 2 months (December–January) for full-length sample paper practice under timed conditions. Practical preparation should begin by October 2026 as practicals run in January–February 2027.
Ques. What are the passing marks for CBSE Class 12 board exams 2027?
Ans. The passing mark for each subject in CBSE Class 12 board exams 2027 is 33% of total marks (theory + practical combined) and at least 33% in the theory component separately. Failing even one subject results in compartment status, for which a separate exam is held.
Ques. Are there any new subjects added to CBSE Class 12 for 2026-27?
Ans. Yes, CBSE has added new skill-based subjects as additional electives for the 2026-27 session, aligned with NEP 2020’s emphasis on vocational education. Students can opt for these as an additional sixth subject. The core subjects — Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, English Core, Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, History, Political Science, and Geography — retain their standard syllabus and marking scheme for the 2027 board exams.
Source: Central Board of Secondary Education — CBSE Academic Curriculum 2026-27
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.
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