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Uses of Radar include recognizing, finding, following, and seeing objects of various things at large distances. It works by sending electromagnetic radiation toward objects, for the most part, said as targets, and seeing resonation returned from them. Goals may be planes, ships, transport, moving vehicles, celestial bodies, or even birds, bugs, and deluge. Other than choosing the location, region, and speed of such objects, radar can get their size and shape too. Here, we will learn more about the applications of radar in real life.
| Table of Content |
Key Takeaways: Radar, Electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetism, electromagnetic field, Transmitter, Microwave space, Electromagnetic range
NCERT Solutions of: Class 11 Physics Chapter 15 Waves
What is Radar?
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Radar is a working device in that it has its own wellspring of lighting up (a transmitter) for tracking down targets. It consistently works in the microwave space of the electromagnetic range expressed in hertz (cycles each second), at frequencies connecting from around 400 megahertz (MHz) to 40 gigahertz (GHz). It has, regardless, been used at lower frequencies for long-range applications (frequencies as low as some megahertz, which is the HF [high-frequency], or shortwave, band) and at optical and infrared frequencies (those of laser radar).
Radar
Circuit parts and other gear of radar systems change with the repeat used, and structures range in size from those little enough to fit in the focal point of the hand to those so titanic that they would fill some football fields. "Radar" addresses radio ID and running and that outfits a really epic agreement with regards to what it does and how it limits. Envision a plane zipping around evening time through the thick darkness. The pilots can't see where they're going, so they use the radar to help them.
Also Read:
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| Doppler Effect | Longitudinal Waves | Transverse Waves |
| Unit of Wavelength | What is Wave function? | Doppler Shift |
| Doppler Effect Formula | What is Unit of Sound? | Laplace Correction |
Applications of Radar System
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Applications of a radar system include Military, Law Enforcement, Space, Remote Sensing of Environment, Airplane course, Boat Navigation, and Air Traffic Controller. These applications have been elaborated below:
- Radar Applications in Military
Radars have a wide extent of use in military assignments. They are used for revelation, following, and observation purposes as well. Weapon control and rocket courses consistently use various types of RADAR.
- Radar Applications in Law Enforcement
Law execution, especially expressway police, has wide usage of RADAR during a pursuit to measure the speed of a vehicle. Due to disturbing environmental conditions, when the satellite can't get a sensible image of traffic and bars, then, RADAR is used to get the best results.
- Radar Applications in Space
RADAR is used to follow and distinguish satellites and transport. They are moreover used for safely landing and docking of room devices. RADAR in satellites is used for remote identification.
- Radar Applications in Remote Sensing of Environment
Especially like different sorts of waves are gotten by a radio wire. This headway is correspondingly used to perceive the ecological state of the environment and is besides utilized for following improvements of planets, space rocks, and other wonderful bodies in the planetary social occasion.
- Radar Applications in Aircraft Navigation
Ground arranging radar and environment avoidance radar are used in planes to investigate it suitably. This development engages a plane to ensure the space of obstacles that can be a threat to the flight plan.
- Applications of radar in Navigating Ships
Boats are coordinated through some standards RADAR organized on the shores. By virtue of vulnerable porousness in disturbing environmental conditions, RADAR gives prosperity by seeing risks. These boats routinely use this development to measure the closeness of different boats and their speed on the water.
- Applications of radar in Air Traffic Controller
Radar is used for safely controlling the traffic noticeable all around. It is used to coordinate planes for authentic landing and take-off during awful environmental conditions. This sort of radar moreover recognizes the closeness and the rise of the plane.
Also read: Frequency and Wavelength
Things to Remember
- Radar is an electromagnetic sensor used for recognizing, finding, following, and seeing objects of various things at large distances. It works by sending electromagnetic radiation toward objects, for the most part, said as targets, and seeing the resonation returned from them.
- It consistently works in the microwave space of the electromagnetic range estimated in hertz (cycles each second), at frequencies connecting from around 400 megahertz (MHz) to 40 gigahertz (GHz).
- "Radar" addresses radio ID and going and that outfits a really titanic agreement concerning what it does and how it limits. Envision a plane flying around evening time through the thick darkness. The pilots can't see where they're going, so they utilize the radar to help them.
- Different frameworks like radar utilize different pieces of the electromagnetic range. One model is LIDAR, which utilizes dominating infrared light from lasers instead of radio waves. With the development of driverless vehicles, radar is relied upon to help the mechanized stage to monitor its environment, thus preventing unwanted incidents.
- Applications of Radar incorporate Military, Law Enforcement, Space, Remote Sensing of Environment, Airplane course, Boat Navigation, and Air Traffic Controller.
Also read: Types of Waves
Sample Questions
Ques. What is radar? What is the relation between Light and Radio Waves? (3 marks)
Ans. Radar is an electromagnetic structure for the distinguishing proof and space of reflecting things like planes, ships, space mechanical assembly, vehicles, people, and the native environment. It works by communicating energy into space and recognizing the resonation signal reflected from an article or target.
Both light and radio waves are a product of the electromagnetic reach, which means they're made out of fluctuating examples of electrical and charming fundamental wrecking through the air. The waves a magnetron produces are really microwaves, like the ones made by a microwave. What has an effect is that the magnetron in a radar needs to send the waves at different miles, rather than a couple of inches, so it is a lot more noteworthy and surprisingly more awesome.
Ques. How does an Airplane's Radar work? (3 marks)
Ans. A plane's radar is similar to a light that uses radio waves rather than light. The plane imparts an unusual radar shaft (so it gives a sign basically a piece of the time) and, for the remainder of the time, "tunes in" out for any impressions of that bar from neighboring things.
If reflections are seen, the plane recognizes something is nearby and it can use the time taken for the reflections to show up to figure out the distance away it is. Continuously the end, radar is significantly similar to the echolocation framework that "handicaps" bats use to see and fly in fogginess.
Ques. What do you mean by most extreme unambiguous reach? (3 marks)
Ans. Echoes that show up after the transmission of the following heartbeats are known as the subsequent time around reverberations. The reach past which the objectives show up as second time-around reverberations is known as the greatest unambiguous reach, Run, and is given by
Run= c* Tp/2 =c/2fp
Ques. What is the Doppler Effect? (5 marks)
Ans. The abrupt change in pitch of a vehicle horn as a vehicle cruises by (source movement) or in the pitch of a blast box on the walkway as you drive by in your vehicle (spectator movement) was first clarified in 1842 by Christian Doppler. His Doppler Effect is the change in recurrence and frequency of waves that results from a source moving concerning the medium, a beneficiary moving as for the medium, or even a moving medium.
Albeit first found for sound waves, the Doppler impact remains constant for a wide range of waves including light (and other electromagnetic waves). The Doppler Effect for light waves is generally depicted as far as shadings rather than recurrence. A redshift happens when the source and eyewitness are creating some distance from one another, and a blue shift happens when the source and spectator are moving towards one another. The redshift of light from distant cosmic systems is evidence that the universe is extending.
Ques. What are the factors that affect radar performance? (3 marks)
Ans.
- The exhibition of a radar framework can be decided by the accompanying:
- The greatest reach at which it can see an objective of a predetermined size.
- The exactness of its estimation of target area in reach and point.
- Its capacity to recognize one objective from another.
- Its capacity to recognize the ideal objective reverberation when veiled by huge mess reverberations, unexpected meddling signs from other well disposed transmitters, or purposeful radiation from unfriendly sticking (if a tactical radar).
- Its capacity to perceive the sort of target.
- Its accessibility, dependability, and viability.
Ques. Does radar work on foam? (4 marks)
Ans. The effects of foam on a radar measurement can be difficult to predict. In some applications, the foam may dampen out the signal completely while other types of foam may be transparent to the transmitter.
The thickness, density, and dielectric constant are factors that need to be considered when evaluating an application with foam. On dry foam, the microwaves typically pass through and detect the liquid surface below. On medium type foam the signal can be absorbed or scattered and the results are therefore hard to predict.
If the foam is wet the microwaves are often reflected from the foam surface and thereby the foam surface level is measured. The frequency at which the radar operates also affects how foam is measured. Low-frequency radar (5 GHz) in general penetrates foam to a larger extent than high frequency (20 GHz) radar.
Ques. Can guided wave radar measure Emulsion Layers? (4 marks)
Ans. DC of the top layer and emulsion layer is similar (difference in dielectric constant < 10). In this case, the interface level as reported by the transmitter will be the bottom of the emulsion layer. DC of the bottom layer and emulsion layer is similar (difference in dielectric constant between the top layer and emulsion layer > 10). In this case, the interface level as reported by the transmitter will be the top of the emulsion layer.
There is a linear transition in DC from the bottom to the top of the emulsion layer. In this case, it is hard to predict where the reported interface level is. If the linear transition is over a long distance there is a risk that no interface echo is reflected back to the transmitter. Since the reflecting pulse is created when there is a distinct change in DC. If a linear oil-water interface is very thin (< 10 cm) the transmitter would probably give a good signal from the interface since the emulsion is so thin and the difference in dielectrics between oil and water is large.
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