MCQs on Human Health and Diseases

Ans. c) Trypanosomiasis

Explanation: African parasites Trypanosomiasis is a parasitic infection that affects humans (also known as Sleeping Sickness). Microparasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei cause African Trypanosomiasis, which is popularly known as "sleeping sickness." The tsetse fly, which belongs to the Glossina species, is only found in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also known for transmitting diseases.

Ans. b) Hippocrates

Explanation: Hippocrates is regarded as the Father of Medicine. Aristotle is considered the Father of Biology, whereas Antoine van Leeuwenhoek is considered the Father of Microbiology and Antoine Lavoisier is considered the Father of Chemistry.

Ans. a) Cancer

Explanation: Cancer is the deadliest non-infectious disease. According to estimates, 9.6 million people died from cancer in 2017. While AIDS is the most lethal infectious disease, it affects approximately 36.9 million individuals worldwide. Diabetes and obesity are non-infectious diseases, yet they are not the most lethal.

Ans. b) Radiations

Explanation: Along with electricity, pressure, heat and cold, radiation is a physical agent that causes sickness. Mycoplasma, viruses, and fungus are examples of biological agents or pathogens that cause a variety of diseases.

Ans. b) Obesity

Explanation: Degenerative diseases are those produced by ageing that result in malfunctioning or diminished deficiency. For instance, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and so on. Thus, Obesity is not a degenerative disease.

Ans. a) Haemophilus influenzae

Explanation: Pneumonia is caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Typhoid, Influenza, and Whooping Cough are caused by Salmonella typhi, Myxovirus influenzae, and Bordetella pertussis, respectively.

Ans. b) Below 5 years.

Explanation: Diphtheria is most common in children under the age of five. Symptoms include a sore throat, chills with a low temperature, vomiting, and a headache. A grey membrane can form in the throat or tonsils, causing hoarseness and trouble breathing.

Ans. d) Latex of papaver somniferum 

Explanation: Brown sugar or heroin is also known as smack. This is derived from the poppy plant's latex. Latex is also known as raw opium, which has been dried and powdered.

Ans. b) DPT vaccine

Explanation: The DPT vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects children against tetanus, whooping cough, and diphtheria. Diphtheria is represented by the letter D, Pertussis (whooping cough) by the letter P, and Tetanus by the letter T. The DPT vaccine should be administered within 6 weeks of the baby's birth.

Ans. a) Typhoid is caused by Mycobacterium leprae

Explanation: Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi. It's a type of gram-negative bacterium. These pathogens typically enter the small intestine via contaminated food and water and then spread to other organs via blood.

Ans. c) Widal test

Explanation: Typhoid Fever is diagnosed using the Widal Test. The Schick Test confirms Diphtheria, the Pap Smear Test detects cervical cancer, and the Tourniquet Test diagnoses Dengue fever.

Ans. d) Reserpine - Tranquilliser

Explanation: Reserpine is a Tranquiliser alkaloid derived from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and vomitoria that acts as an adrenergic uptake inhibitor and has antihypertensive properties. Reserpine is a lipid-soluble drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Ans. b) Typhoid

Explanation: Typhoid is distinguished by perforation of the mucosa of the intestine. Typhoid is also a fatal disease because the person can bleed to death.

Ans. b) Ancylostoma

Explanation: Ancylostoma is a roundworm that enters a man's body through the skin of his foot when he walks barefoot in soil. Ancylostomiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by the roundworm.

Ans. c) excessive leg enlargement

Explanation: Because of the excessive enlargement of the legs, filariasis is also known as elephantiasis. Filariasis is a lymphatic system infection that causes swelling of infected organs such as male genital parts, limbs, mammary glands and so on.

Ans. b) genetic disorders

Explanation: Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Genetic disorders, on the other hand, are the deficiencies which a child inherits from parents from birth, affecting the health of an individual.

Ans. d) William Harvey

Explanation: William Harvey discovered blood circulation in the human body. Robert Hooke discovered cells, Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in a cell, and Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups.

Ans. a) Cancer

Explanation: Cancer is the most fatal non-infectious disease. AIDS is a fatal infectious disease affecting about 36.9 million people. Diabetes and Obesity are also non-infectious diseases but it is not fatal.

Ans. a) True

Explanation: Diseases can be classified as infectious and non-infectious diseases. The diseases that can be transmitted by blood, serum or any body fluid are known as infectious diseases. The diseases that cannot be transmitted from patients to other people are known as non-infectious diseases.

Ans. b) Sickle-cell anaemia

Explanation: Congenital diseases are contracted due to chromosomal abnormalities before birth. They can also be contracted by gene mutations or defects in development. Sickle-cell anaemia is a congenital disease. Goitre and Kwashiorkor are caused due to deficiency of an essential element whereas Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease.

Ans. c) Co-operation

Explanation: Co-operation is not exhibited by a pathogen. The invasiveness of a pathogen is its ability to enter into a host and grow there. Virulence is the pathogen’s ability to produce disease. Toxigenicity is the power of a pathogen to form toxins that damage host cells.

Ans. c) Amphetamine

Explanation: Amphetamines and related drugs are examples of stimulants. Stimulants speed up the central nervous system and act as adrenaline.

Ans. b) Filarial worms

Explanation: Elephantiasis, also called filariasis, is caused by the filarial worm Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted from human to human.

Ans. a) Yersinia pestis

Explanation: Plague is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium. Humans usually get the plague after being bitten by a rodent flea carrying the plague bacterium or by handling an infected animal.

Ans. a) CD4

Explanation: HIV targets white blood cells known as CD4-positive T cell, or T4 cells. This type of cell is an important immune response cell.

Ans. a) Melanocytes

Explanation: Melanoma, the most serious skin cancer type, develops in melanocyte cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives the skin its colour.

Ans. c) Epithelial cell

Explanation: Carcinomas are cancers that begin in the epithelial cells, which are the cells that make up the skin and tissues.

Ans. c) Humoral and Cell-mediated systems

Explanation: The immune system is a large network of organs, proteins, white blood cells, and chemicals. It is comprised of Humoral and Cell-mediated systems.

Ans. c) Humans

Explanation: Ascaris lumbricoides is a parasitic roundworm species that lives in humans in the intestine.

Ans. c) Health anxiety

Explanation: Hypochondria is a condition in which a person is unduly and excessively worried about having a serious illness.