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Chelate, being a type of coordination or complex compound, is known to form a ring or cyclic structure consisting of a central metal atom linking to a large atom known as a ligand. Chelating specialists, chelants, sequestering specialists, and chelators are the names given to these ligands. Chelating agents are used in industrial and laboratory separation of metals as extractants and as metal-ion buffers and indicators in analytical chemistry. They are also used in applications like corrosion control, evacuation of the scales, and water treatment.
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Key Takeaways: Chelate, Ligand, Polydentate, Chelation, Chelation Therapy, Chelating Agents, Metals, Corrosion, Atoms, Ions, Chelate Effect, Haemoglobin
What is Chelate Effect?
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Chelates are considered to be more stable than comparable non-chelated compounds. As more extensive the chelation is, the more stable the compound will be due to the greater the number of ring linkage to the metal atom. This phenomenon is termed the chelate effect.
The number of atoms present in the chelate ring directly indicates how stable the chelate is. Chelates having a formation of six or five-membered rings are often found to be more stable than those with eight, seven, and four-membered rings. The chelating ligand significantly increases the stability and strength of complexes. The density of the ligand can be determined by the summation of ligand atoms that can be linked together at the same time to one metal centre.
Chelate Effect
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What is Chelation?
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The process of chelation means the ability of atoms and molecules to make bonds by forming with metal ions like the presence or formation of two and more varied coordinate bonds between single-centre atoms and polydentate ligands.
Chelation is a very commonly used term in many fields of science such as medical sciences, biology and chemistry science, science, and clinical sciences and its process is profoundly used in the detoxification of toxins and the formation of complexes.
Examples of Chelates
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- Metal cations can be broken down by most biological particles to give rise to chelate complexes formation. Polydentate ligands include polynucleic acids, polypeptides, proteins, polysaccharides, and amino acids.
- Ethylenediamine, a bidentate ligand, forms a five-membered CuC2N2 ring with the chelate complex and copper ion.
- Most metalloenzymes contain chelated metals, which are frequently cofactors, prosthetic groups, and peptides.
- Natural chelants removed from rocks and minerals for metal ions are frequently responsible for hot chemical weathering.
- Chelated structures are frequently homogeneous catalysts, such as the chelation of ruthenium (II) chloride with bidentate phosphine.
Uses of Chelate Compounds
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- Prevention of absorption of copper in people having Wilson's disease can be done with the usage of Zinc in maintenance therapy.
- Chelation is found useful in providing and forming nutritious nutrients.
- Chelate compounds are used for the removal of toxic metals from the body through chelation therapy.
- Chelate compounds are known to be used as contrast agents during MRI scanning.
- Manufacturing of homogeneous catalysts can be done by using chelate compounds.
- Chemical water treatment is assisted by chelate compounds for the removal of metal as well as in fertilizers.
- Plants use the chelation process to rid themselves of heavy metals.
Chelation Therapy
Things To Remember
- Chelate is considered to be any of a class of coordination or complex compounds consisting of a central metal atom attached to a large molecule, called a ligand, in a cyclic or ring structure.
- Ligand is a molecule or ion known for forming coordination complexes by transferring electrons to the centre metal ion or atom.
- The variation can be seen in the number of atoms needed to bind to a centre metal ion or atom amongst polydentate ligands.
- Various commercial dyes and a number of biological substances, including chlorophyll and haemoglobin, are chelate compounds.
- Chelation therapy can occasionally result in causing vomiting and fever in patients.
- Some chelating agents might induce respiratory failure.
- Chelating agents like EDTA and phosphonates are used to soften water.
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Sample Questions
Ques. Name five examples of chelates.(3 Marks)
Ans. The five examples of chelates are as follows:
- Dimercaprol
- Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- Cyanocobalamin
- Ethylenediamine
- Porphine
Ques. What are the advantages of using natural chelating agents? (3 Marks)
Ans. The 5 advantages of using natural chelating agents are
- The product’s shelf life can be increased.
- free of harmful components.
- Skin brightening functions can be performed.
- Biodegradable and friendly to the environment.
- Straightforward to use the structure.
Ques. What is Chelation? Is chelate effect thermodynamic or kinetic? (3 Marks)
Ans. Chelation can be described as the phenomenon or the ability of ions and molecules to form bonds with metal ions. Two or more different coordinate bonds are formed or present between a polydentate ligand and a single central atom.
The chelate effect is kinetic because it renders a metal coupled to a polydentate ligand more inactive than a comparable complex with monodentate ligands.
Ques. What are the side effects of chelation therapy? (3 Marks)
Ans. Chelation therapy is safe until and unless it is used correctly and for the proper reasons. Consuming in the place where you acquire the IV is the most well-known burning impact. You may also have fever, vomiting, headache, and nausea.
Chelating drugs can lead to the removal and deficiency of metals that your body needs, such as zinc, copper, and calcium. Some people who have received chelation therapy have low calcium levels in their blood as well as kidney damage.
Ques. Give a few clinical applications for chelate. (3 Marks)
Ans. Chelating agents are often natural compounds forming bonds along with metal ions. The bonds formed are used for a variety of purposes in the medical industry they can be bonded with iron mixed into the blood to reduce some increased metal levels, protect veins from severe damage, remove toxic and unwanted foreign elements from the body drive them out with EDTA coating.
Ques. What ailments can be treated through chelation therapy? (3 Marks)
Ans. The 3 major ailments that can be treated through chelation therapy are
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cancer
- Autism
Ques. Give some uses of Chelating Agents? (3 Marks)
Ans. Chelating agents are used in industrial and laboratory separation of metals as extractants and in analytical chemistry, they are used as metal-ion buffers and indicators. Chelating agents are used for several other purposes as well such as
- Scale removal
- Water treatment
- Corrosion control
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