NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Jasmine Grover Content Strategy Manager

Content Strategy Manager

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance are provided in this article. It includes all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Expected no. of Questions: 1-2 questions of around 4 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6

Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Important Topics

The two types of nucleic acids present in living systems are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA behaves similarly to genetic material in most organisms. Although RNA serves as genetic material in some viruses, it is mostly used as a messenger. RNA also serves other functions. It serves as an adaptor, structural molecule, and in certain situations a catalytic molecule. The structure of DNA, its replication, the method of creating RNA from DNA (transcription), the genetic code that specifies the sequences of amino acids in proteins, the process of protein synthesis (translation), and the fundamental foundation of their control are all covered in this chapter.

Structure of DNA

DNA is composed of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder, namely a shape known as a double helix. Each strand possesses a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T).

Structure of RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule that is made up of nucleotides, which are ribose sugars attached to nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups. It is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses. The nitrogenous bases include adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine.

Genome and Genomics

A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA that includes all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration. Genomics is referred to an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

1.
Enlist three advantages of genetically modified plants.
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2.
Study the given below single strand of deoxyribonucleic acid depicted in the form of a “stick” diagram with 5′ – 3′ end directionality, sugars as vertical lines and bases as single letter abbreviations and answer the questions that follow.

Name the covalent bonds depicted as (a) and (b) in the form of slanting lines in the diagram.
How many purines are present in the given “stick” diagram?
Draw the chemical structure of the given polynucleotide chain of DNA.
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3.
Name any two VDs which might occur in a human female. State any two complications in a female if it is left untreated.
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4.
Student to attempt either option (A) or (B):
(A) Write two features of an ideal contraceptive. Explain any one natural contraceptive method that makes the chances of conception almost nil.
(B) Explain GIFT and ICSI.
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5.
Student to attempt either option-(A) or (B):
(A) Write the features a molecule should have to act as a genetic material. In the light of the above features, evaluate and justify the suitability of the molecule that is preferred as an ideal genetic material.
OR
(B) Differentiate between the following:
- [(i)] Polygenic Inheritance and Pleiotropy
- [(ii)] Dominance, Codominance and Incomplete dominance
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6.
Student to attempt either option (A) or (B):
(A) (i) Explain why the milk produced by the mother during the initial days of lactation is considered to be very essential for the newborn infant.
(ii) What is the term used for the milk produced during the initial days of lactation?
OR
(B) Many children in the metro cities are suffering from a very common exaggerated response of the immune system to certain weak antigens in air.
(i) What is the term used for the above mentioned disease?
(ii) Name the main type of antibody produced by the immune system in response to this disease.
(iii) Which two main inflammation-causing chemicals are produced by the mast cells in such an immune response?
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