MCQs On Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Introduction & Explanation

Ans. d) Pollination

Explanation. Pollination is referred to as the process whereby the pollen grains are picked from the male part of the flower, known as an anther and is transferred to the female part, known as stigma. Pollination works successfully only when pollen grains are transferred from the same species of flower. In this process, the pollen grains are transferred through various means like birds, winds, and insects like bees, moths, butterflies, etc. After the pollen grains are transferred, they start germinating on the stigma and go to the ovule, thereby fertilizing it.

Ans. c) Apomixis

Explanation. Apomixis is referred to as the plant formation through a seed without normal sex reproduction or fertilization. The plant thereby produced is a kind of clone of the female parent plant.

Ans. c) Ovule

Explanation. The embryo sac is formed in Ovule through the process of megagametogenesis and megasporogenesis. The embryo sac can be understood as an oval structure that is present in the Ovule of the flowering plants. It forms on the division of the haploid megaspore nucleus. It has 2 haploid nuclei and 6 haploid cells that do not possess any cell walls.

Ans. a) Geitonogamy

Explanation. Geitonogamy is a kind of self-pollination that takes place between the flowers of the same plant. Based on the source of pollen grains, we can identify three types of pollination. Geitonogamy is one of them. It is functionally cross-pollination. However, the pollen grains involved are identical genetically. It occurs between the different flowers of the same plant.

Ans. d) Entomophily

Explanation. Entomophily is insect pollination. The pollen grain is carried through an insect. Attractants of plants are used to attract the insect that further distributes the spores. Hence, attractants and rewards are required for Entomophily.

Ans. c) Embryo Sac

Explanation. In flowering plants or angiosperms, the megaspore mother cell leads to the production of a functional megaspore which further develops in an embryo sac through two main processes:

• Megasporogenesis where the megaspore is formed in the megasporangium or nucleus.
• Megagametogenesis in which a megaspore is developed in a megagametophyte or the embryo sac.

Ans. d) It guides the entry of the pollen tube

Explanation. At the micropylar end, a filiform apparatus is formed by the synergid cell wall. This apparatus is the extension of synergids even beyond the apex of the embryo sac. It guides the entry of pollen tubes in synergids.

Ans. d) Androecium

Explanation. In flowers, both male and female parts are present. While the female reproductive parts are collectively known as Gynoecium, the male flower parts are collectively referred to as the androecium. The androecium is composed of the stamens. Stamen has a stalk-like structure, known as a filament that is attached to the anther. Stamens help in the production of pollen grains. These are collected in anther and then insects are attracted for the process of reproduction.

Ans. b) 2 male nuclei

Explanation. After the pollen grains are led to the pollen tube, the generative nucleus divides into two male nuclei. During the process of double fertilization, a sperm fuses with the egg nucleus in order to form a zygote. The remaining male nuclei fuse with two polar nuclei present inside the endosperm mother cell in order to form the endosperm.

Ans. c) Tube nucleus and generative nucleus

Explanation. After the process of pollination, the pollen grains germinate in the pollen tube. This tube travels through style and stigma to reach the ovules in the ovary. There, the generative nucleus further divides into two gametes where one fuses with the pollen nuclei and the other fuses with the egg.

Ans. d) Banana

Explanation. Bananas can not produce viable seeds on their own and therefore they usually depend on the asexual reproduction method. Hence, the fruit produced is without any seeds which are known as parthenocarpy. Brinjal, apple, and jackfruit on the other hand are not parthenocarpic fruit.

Ans. b) Perisperm

Explanation. Perisperm is a nutritive seed tissue that is derived from the nucleus and that exists outside the embryo sac.

Ans. a) Fertilization

Explanation. Fertilization is a sexual reproduction process that occurs after the processes of pollination and germination. It can be understood as the fusion of pollen (male gametes) with ovum (female gametes) in order to form a diploid zygote.

Ans. d) Both of them produces progeny that is identical to the parent

Explanation. Apomixis refers to reproduction that takes place through the seeds. Without the need of the process of fertilization, the resulting seed is a maternal clone. It is known as asexual seed formation.

Vegetative reproduction is also a form of asexual reproduction that occurs in plants where a new plant grows from a part, fragment, or cut of the parent plant.

Therefore both vegetative reproduction and apomixis produce progeny that are identical to the parent.

Ans. d) Bean

Explanation. For any seed, the food reserves for the development of embryo are stored either in the cotyledons or in the endosperm but never in both of them together. If the food is present inside the endosperm, then we can observe the cotyledons to be thin and small. These seeds are known as albuminous seeds or endospermic seeds. For example, wheat, maize, and other cereals, coconut seeds, and bean seeds. Therefore, non-endospermic seeds are found in beans.