NEET 2027 Syllabus: Biology, Physics, Chemistry Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

Physical world; need for measurement; units of measurement; systems of units; SI units; fundamental and derived units; length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision; errors in measurement; significant figures; dimensions of physical quantities; dimensional analysis and applications.

Frame of reference; motion in a straight line; position-time graph; speed and velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion; instantaneous velocity; uniformly accelerated motion; velocity-time and position-time graphs; equations of motion; projectile motion; uniform circular motion.

Concept of force; inertia; Newton’s first law; momentum; Newton’s second law; impulse; Newton’s third law; conservation of linear momentum; equilibrium of concurrent forces; static and kinetic friction; rolling friction; dynamics of uniform circular motion.

Work done by constant and variable forces; kinetic energy; work-energy theorem; power; potential energy; potential energy of a spring; conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy; non-conservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Centre of mass; momentum conservation; motion of centre of mass; moment of force; torque; angular momentum; conservation of angular momentum; equilibrium of rigid bodies; moment of inertia; radius of gyration; values for specific geometries; rolling motion.

Kepler’s laws; universal law of gravitation; acceleration due to gravity; variation with altitude and depth; gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential; escape velocity; orbital velocity; geostationary satellites.

Elastic behaviour; Hooke’s law; Young’s modulus; bulk modulus; shear modulus; Pascal’s law; hydraulic machinery; viscosity; Stokes’ law; terminal velocity; streamline and turbulent flow; Bernoulli’s theorem; surface energy; surface tension; angle of contact; capillary rise.

Thermal equilibrium; zeroth law; heat, work and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics; isothermal and adiabatic processes; second law; reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot engine and efficiency.

Ideal gas equation; kinetic theory assumptions; pressure of an ideal gas; kinetic interpretation of temperature; RMS speed; degrees of freedom; law of equipartition of energy; specific heats of gases; mean free path; Avogadro’s number.

Periodic motion; SHM; restoring force; energy in SHM; free, forced and damped oscillations; resonance; wave motion; transverse and longitudinal waves; superposition principle; reflection; standing waves; normal modes; Doppler effect.

Electric charges; conservation of charge; Coulomb’s law; superposition principle; electric field; field lines; electric flux; Gauss’s theorem; electric potential; potential difference; equipotential surfaces; potential energy of charge systems; conductors; dielectrics; capacitors; combination of capacitors; energy stored.

Electric current; drift velocity; Ohm’s law; resistance; resistivity; temperature dependence; internal resistance; EMF; combination of cells; Kirchhoff’s laws; Wheatstone bridge; metre bridge; potentiometer — principle and applications.

Oersted’s experiment; Biot-Savart law; Ampere’s law; force on a moving charge; force on current-carrying conductor; torque on a current loop; moving coil galvanometer; bar magnet; Earth’s magnetic field; magnetic susceptibility; hysteresis; permanent magnets.

Faraday’s law; Lenz’s law; eddy currents; self and mutual inductance; AC generator; AC circuits; peak and RMS values; reactance; impedance; LC oscillations; LCR series circuit; resonance; power in AC circuits; transformers.

Displacement current; Maxwell’s equations; electromagnetic waves; characteristics; transverse nature; electromagnetic spectrum — radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma rays; their properties and uses.

Reflection; spherical mirrors; mirror formula; refraction; total internal reflection; refraction at spherical surfaces; lenses; thin lens formula; power of a lens; combination of lenses; microscopes and telescopes; wave optics; Huygens’ principle; interference; Young’s double slit experiment; diffraction; polarisation.

Photoelectric effect; Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light; photon; matter waves; de Broglie relation; Davisson-Germer experiment.

Alpha particle scattering; Rutherford’s nuclear model; Bohr model; energy levels; hydrogen spectrum; composition and size of nucleus; atomic masses; isotopes; isobars; isotones; radioactivity; alpha, beta and gamma decay; nuclear fission and fusion; binding energy per nucleon.

Energy bands; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n junction; semiconductor diode; I-V characteristics; diode as rectifier; Zener diode as voltage regulator; transistor action; transistor as amplifier and oscillator; logic gates — AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR.

Matter and its nature; Dalton’s atomic theory; laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses; mole concept; percentage composition; empirical and molecular formulae; stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations.

Thomson and Rutherford models; Bohr’s model; dual nature of matter; de Broglie relation; Heisenberg uncertainty principle; quantum mechanical model; shapes of s, p, d orbitals; quantum numbers; Aufbau principle; Pauli exclusion principle; Hund’s rule; electronic configuration.

Modern periodic law; periodicity; trends in atomic radii; ionic radii; ionisation enthalpy; electron gain enthalpy; electronegativity; valence; s, p, d and f block elements; periodic trends and anomalies.

Valence electrons; ionic bond; covalent bond; bond parameters; Lewis structure; VSEPR theory; polarity; hybridisation — sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, sp³d²; resonance; molecular orbital theory; hydrogen bond.

Three states of matter; Boyle’s law; Charles’s law; Gay-Lussac’s law; Avogadro’s law; ideal gas equation; real gases; van der Waals equation; kinetic molecular theory; RMS speed; viscosity and surface tension of liquids.

System and surroundings; state functions; work; heat; internal energy; first law; enthalpy; Hess’s law; bond enthalpies; entropy; second and third laws; Gibbs energy; spontaneity of chemical processes.

Dynamic equilibrium; law of mass action; Kp and Kc; Le Chatelier’s principle; acids and bases — Arrhenius, Brönsted-Lowry, Lewis; ionisation; pH; buffer solutions; hydrolysis of salts; solubility product.

Oxidation and reduction concepts; oxidation number; balancing redox reactions by oxidation number and half-reaction methods; applications of redox reactions.

Position of hydrogen in periodic table; dihydrogen; isotopes; hydrides — ionic, covalent, interstitial; water; hydrogen peroxide; heavy water; hydrogen as a fuel.

Group 1 and 2 elements; electronic configuration; occurrence; trends in properties; anomalous properties; preparation and properties of NaOH, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, NaCl, CaO, Ca(OH)₂, CaCO₃, CaSO₄; industrial uses; biological importance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.

Groups 13 and 14; occurrence; variation of properties; anomalous properties; allotropes of carbon; uses; important compounds — borax, boric acid, boron hydrides; allotropes of silicon; silicones; silicates; zeolites.

Tetravalency of carbon; functional groups; IUPAC nomenclature; isomerism; electronic displacement — inductive, resonance, electromeric, hyperconjugation; free radicals; carbocations; carbanions; nucleophiles; electrophiles; methods of purification; qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Alkanes — isomerism, conformations, free radical halogenation; alkenes — electrophilic addition mechanism; alkynes — acidic character; aromatic hydrocarbons — IUPAC nomenclature, electrophilic aromatic substitution; carcinogenicity and toxicity.

Environmental pollution — air, water, soil; smog; acid rain; ozone depletion; global warming and greenhouse effect; green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution.

Classification of solids; amorphous and crystalline; crystal lattices; unit cells; packing in solids; packing efficiency; density of unit cell; point defects; semiconductors; magnetic and dielectric properties.

Types of solutions; solubility of gases and solids in liquids; Raoult’s law; vapour pressure; colligative properties — relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure; van’t Hoff factor; abnormal molar mass.

Electrode processes; EMF; standard electrode potential; Nernst equation; Gibbs energy and EMF; Kohlrausch’s law; electrolysis; Faraday’s laws; batteries; fuel cells; corrosion and prevention.

Rate of reaction; factors affecting rate; rate law; rate constant; order and molecularity; integrated rate equations; half-life; Arrhenius equation; activation energy; collision theory; catalysis.

Adsorption — physisorption and chemisorption; Freundlich isotherm; catalysis; colloids — preparation and properties; Brownian movement; Tyndall effect; emulsions; colloids in industry.

Minerals and ores; concentration of ores; extraction of crude metals; thermodynamic and electrochemical principles; refining; uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

Groups 15, 16, 17 and 18; occurrence; electronic configuration; trends in physical and chemical properties; important compounds — NH₃, HNO₃, phosphorus allotropes, H₃PO₄, O₃, SO₂, H₂SO₄, HCl, HF, halides; noble gases — properties and xenon fluorides.

Electronic configuration; trends — ionisation enthalpy, atomic radii, oxidation states, colour, magnetic properties; interstitial compounds; alloy formation; preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄; lanthanoids and lanthanoid contraction; actinoids.

Werner’s theory; ligands; coordination number; colour; magnetic properties; shapes; IUPAC nomenclature; isomerism; bonding — VBT and CFT; importance in qualitative analysis, extraction, biological systems (haemoglobin, chlorophyll) and medicines.

Classification; nomenclature; nature of C-X bond; physical properties; chemical reactions; SN1 and SN2 mechanisms; stereochemistry; reactions of haloarenes; uses and environmental effects.

Classification and nomenclature; preparation; physical and chemical properties; acidic nature of phenol; electrophilic aromatic substitution in phenols; Williamson synthesis; industrial uses of methanol and ethanol.

Nomenclature; nature of carbonyl group; preparation; nucleophilic addition; aldol condensation; Cannizzaro reaction; oxidation and reduction; acidity of carboxylic acids; reactions of acid derivatives; uses.

Amines — classification, nomenclature, structure, basicity, preparation and reactions; arenediazonium salts — preparation and coupling reactions; cyanides; isocyanides; nitro compounds.

Carbohydrates — classification, glycosidic linkage, structures of glucose and fructose; proteins — amino acids, peptide bond, structure, denaturation; enzymes; vitamins — fat-soluble and water-soluble; nucleic acids — DNA and RNA; hormones.

Classification — addition and condensation; copolymerisation; natural rubber; vulcanisation; synthetic rubbers; nylon; polyesters; bakelite; biodegradable polymers; polymers of commercial importance.

Drugs — classification; drug-target interaction; analgesics; tranquilisers; antiseptics; disinfectants; antimicrobials; antifertility drugs; antacids; antihistamines; food preservatives; artificial sweeteners; detergents; cleansing action of soaps.

What is living; biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; binomial nomenclature; tools — museums, herbaria, botanical gardens, zoological parks; five-kingdom classification — Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia; viruses, viroids and lichens.

Morphology — root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed; description of families Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae; anatomy — meristematic and permanent tissues; anatomy of dicot and monocot roots, stems and leaves; secondary growth.

Cell theory; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; cell membrane — fluid mosaic model; cell wall; organelles — chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, ribosomes, centrioles; cell cycle; mitosis and meiosis; significance of meiosis.

Transport in plants — absorption; apoplast and symplast pathways; osmosis; plasmolysis; transpiration; photosynthesis — light reactions (photosystems I and II, Z-scheme), Calvin cycle, photorespiration, C3 and C4 pathways, CAM plants; respiration — glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC, oxidative phosphorylation; plant growth; phytohormones — auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ABA, ethylene; photoperiodism; vernalisation.

Animal tissues — epithelial, connective, muscular and neural; morphology, anatomy and functions of earthworm, cockroach and frog.

Digestion and absorption — alimentary canal, enzymes, absorption, assimilation; breathing and exchange of gases — mechanism of breathing, transport of O₂ and CO₂, respiratory disorders; body fluids and circulation — blood composition, blood groups, coagulation, lymph, cardiac cycle, ECG; excretory products — nephron structure, urine formation, countercurrent mechanism; locomotion and movement — skeletal muscle, mechanism of contraction, skeletal system, joints; neural control and coordination — nervous system, neurons, impulse transmission, reflex action, sensory organs; chemical coordination — endocrine glands, hormones, disorders.

Reproduction in organisms; sexual reproduction in flowering plants — pollination, fertilisation, development of seed and fruit, apomixis; human reproduction — male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, fertilisation, embryonic development; reproductive health — STDs, contraception, amniocentesis, infertility, MTP.

Mendelian inheritance; deviations — incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy; chromosome theory of inheritance; linkage; sex determination; sex-linked inheritance; mutations; polyploidy; chromosomal disorders — Down’s syndrome, Turner’s, Klinefelter’s; molecular basis — DNA structure, packaging, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, gene expression regulation; evolution — origin of life, Darwin’s theory, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, speciation, adaptive radiation.

Health and disease; common diseases — typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, filariasis; immunity — innate and acquired, active and passive; AIDS; cancer; drugs and alcohol abuse; microbes in human welfare — food processing, industrial production (insulin, antibiotics), sewage treatment, biocontrol agents, biofertilisers.

Principles; tools — restriction enzymes, vectors, host; recombinant DNA technology; PCR; gel electrophoresis; transgenic organisms; GMOs — Bt crops, Rosie cow; RNA interference; gene therapy; molecular diagnosis — ELISA, PCR; ethical issues; biopatents.

Organisms and environment — habitat, niche, adaptations; populations — attributes, growth curves (exponential and logistic); interspecific interactions — mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; ecosystems — structure, energy flow, food chains and webs, ecological pyramids, nutrient cycling (N and C cycles), ecosystem services; biodiversity — patterns, importance, loss, conservation (in-situ and ex-situ); environmental issues — air pollution, water pollution, agrochemicals, ozone depletion, deforestation.