NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare are provided in this article. It covers all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

​Expected no. of Questions: 2-3 questions of around 5 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10

NCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human WelfareNCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human WelfareNCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human WelfareNCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human WelfareNCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human WelfareNCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human WelfareNCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare: Important Topics

Microbes are present all around us -in the soil, in the air and even in conditions such as geysers with temperatures of 100°C where no other organism can survive. Microbes are diverse; they consist of viruses, bacteria, protozoans, fungi, and viroids. The important topics that are covered in this chapter are:

  • Microbes as Biofertilizers

The Biofertilizer is a substance that contains Microorganisms helping with Soil Fertility and making the plant grow in a healthy way. Microbes in the Biofertilizers help with the healthy growth of plants and also the value of the soil increases. Biofertilizers are an eco-friendly way of sustaining crops and also promoting organic agriculture.

Some of the microorganisms are used as biofertilizers:

  • Azotobacter: These are present in all types of upland crops, and help in making the plant grow in a healthy way. 
  • Azospirillum: Unlike Azotobacter, these microorganisms can be used in wetland areas. They are present inside the roots of the plant wherein they fix the atmospheric nitrogen.
  • Blue-green algae: These microorganisms are free-living nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria, and are present only in wet and marshy lands. 
  • Mycorrhiza: It is a symbiotic linkage between the fungi and the roots of a plant. The mycorrhizal fungi play an integral part in binding the soil together and improving the activity of the microbes.
  • Microbes in Industrial Products

Microbes play an important role in the fermentation process to obtain a number of products. Some of the common products that are obtained through industrial processes are fermented beverages, malted cereals, broths, fruit juices, antibiotics, etc.

  • Microbes in the Production of Biogas

The organics are, in biogas production, converted into gas and organic fertilizers by microbes under anaerobic conditions. Methanogens are methane-producing bacteria that are responsible for biogas production. Methanobacterium is the common bacteria used for the production of biogas, which burns with a blue flame.


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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    What is meant by translation in protein synthesis?
    Explain charging of tRNA (aminoacylation of tRNA) and mention its importance in the process of translation.


      • 2.
        Work out the crosses between:
        Normal female and Haemophilic male
        Carrier female and Normal male
        (III) Carrier female and Haemophilic male
        Write the conclusions you draw from these crosses. Comment on the type of inheritance of the disease.
        (Use: $X$ - Normal, $X^h$ - Haemophilic)


          • 3.

            Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 
            The data below shows the concentration of nicotine smoked by a smoker taking 10puffs/minute.
             


              • 4.
                Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
                India is one of the megadiverse countries housing around 8·1 per cent of global species diversity, although its land area is only 2·4 per cent of the world’s land area. Many of the species are highly threatened due to human activities like deforestation, mining and habitat fragmentation. Laws like Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 were enacted by the Government of India to preserve our biological wealth. Various conservation measures are being implemented to save the threatened species. The following bar graph shows the number of species conserved under different biodiversity conservation methods.

                Which other methods shown in the diagram are opposite to the one identified by you in question ? How are these two conservation approaches different?
                (c) Write two features of Biodiversity hotspots.
                (c) To which category do sacred groves belong and how do they help in bio-conservation?


                  • 5.
                    Describe the experiment conducted by T.H. Morgan on Drosophila melanogaster involving eye colour and body colour.
                    How did the results deviate from Mendelian inheritance pattern ?
                    (c) Explain the two genetic terms used by Morgan for his observations.


                      • 6.
                        What is the carrying capacity of a species in a habitat?
                        Explain the growth curve that takes this capacity into account.

                          CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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