CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2025 Code 64/S/2 (Compartment)

Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A) : In India, the per capita availability of water is continuously decreasing.

Reason (R) : Greater increase in population and degradation of water resources are the main reasons.

• (A) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect.
• (B) Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) is correct.
• (C) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
• (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Read the following statements regarding ancient towns in India and choose the correct option.

1. Most of the ancient towns developed as religious or cultural centres.
2. Some of the ancient towns developed at the time of Indus Valley Civilisation.
3. Some of them are as old as 2000 years and even more.
4. Some examples of ancient towns are Varanasi, Lucknow, Pondicherry, etc.

• (A) Only I, II and IV are correct.
• (B) Only I, II and III are correct.
• (C) Only I, III and IV are correct.
• (D) Only II, III and IV are correct.

The rural compact settlements characterised by geometrical pattern mostly found in plain areas are known as _________.

• (A) Clustered settlements
• (B) Hamleted settlements
• (C) Dispersed settlements
• (D) Semi-clustered settlements

The first complete census in India was conducted in which of the following years ?

• (A) 1871
• (B) 1872
• (C) 1881
• (D) 1891

Read the following important aspects of human development carefully and choose the correct option.

1. Leading a long and healthy life
2. People's access to knowledge
3. Leading a life with high income
4. People's access to resources

• (A) Only I, II and III are correct.
• (B) Only I, II and IV are correct.
• (C) Only I, III and IV are correct.
• (D) Only II, III and IV are correct.

Which one of the following 'approaches to human development' considers human beings as the beneficiaries of development ?

• (A) Income approach
• (B) Welfare approach
• (C) Basic needs approach
• (D) Capability approach

Spiritual, non-material and qualitative aspects of life is advocated in which one of the following ?

• (A) Gross National Happiness (GNH)
• (B) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• (C) Human Development Index (HDI)
• (D) Social Development Index (SDI)

Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A) : The period from 1901 to 1921 is referred to as a period of stagnant growth of India's population.

Reason (R) : During this period, both birth rate and death rate were very high.

• (A) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect.
• (B) Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) is correct.
• (C) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
• (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Arrange the following towns of India on the basis of their evolution from the oldest to the newest order and choose the correct option.

1. Delhi
2. Surat
3. Madurai
4. Durgapur

• (A) III, I, IV, II
• (B) III, I, II, IV
• (C) I, III, II, IV
• (D) I, III, IV, II

Which of the following metaphors do not describe the relation of humans with nature ? Choose the correct option.

• (A) Eye of a cyclone
• (B) Neck of the isthmus
• (C) Body of moving water
• (D) Face of the earth

Which of the following statements indicate non-environmental determinism ?

• (A) Adoption to the dictates of nature
• (B) Harmonious relation with nature
• (C) Creation of cultural landscapes
• (D) Naturalisation of humans

"Human geography is the study of the changing relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth." This definition of human geography was given by __________.

• (A) Paul Vidal-de-la Blache
• (B) Ratzel
• (C) Ellen C. Semple
• (D) Richard Hartshorne

Which of the following statements regarding watershed management are correct ? Choose the correct option.

1. Watershed management refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater.
2. It involves the prevention of surface runoff and recharge of groundwater.
3. The success of watershed management largely depends upon community participation.
4. The project is executed by the office of the Chief Ministers of respective states.

• (A) Only I, II and III are correct.
• (B) Only I, II and IV are correct.
• (C) Only I, III and IV are correct.
• (D) Only II, III and IV are correct.

Which one of the following sea ports is located at the head of Vembanad Kayal ?

• (A) Tuticorin port
• (B) Ennore port
• (C) Kochchi port
• (D) Marmagao port

Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions no. 15 to 17 :

Under which one of the following categories of land use, maximum absolute decrease is observed from 1950 – 51 to 2014 – 15 ?

• (A) Area under miscellaneous tree crops and groves
• (B) Culturable wasteland
• (C) Fallow, other than current fallow
• (D) Barren and unculturable wasteland

Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions no. 15 to 17 :

Which one of the following is the best reason for the increase in net area sown from 1950 – 51 to 2014 – 15 ?

• (A) Decrease in barren and unculturable wasteland
• (B) Decrease in culturable wasteland
• (C) Increase in area under non-agricultural use
• (D) Increase in area under forest cover

Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions no. 15 to 17 :

Under which one of the following categories of land use, maximum absolute increase is observed from 1950 – 51 to 2014 – 15 ?

• (A) Forests
• (B) Area under non-agricultural use
• (C) Permanent pasture and grazing land
• (D) Net area sown

National highways are less by how many km with respect to state highways in 2016 ?

Major district roads are more by how many km with respect to state highways in 2016 ?

Why does a very large length of roads come under rural roads category ?

Define the term 'digital divide'.

Mention the reason of uneven development of information and communication technology.

Why does digital divide exist within countries ?

Identify the waterway shown on the map.

Name the ports on either side of the given waterway.

Name the two water bodies connected by the given waterway.

Explain any three economic factors influencing the distribution of world population.

Explain the three components of change in world population.

Analyse the growth of India's population from 1981 to present day.

Examine the role of air transport of India in international trade.

Differentiate between agro-based and mineral-based industries in the world, by giving suitable examples.

Examine the main characteristics of mineral resources in India and suggest measures for their conservation.

"The non-conventional sources of energy have a great future." Evaluate the statement in the context of India.

"The number of nomadic herders has been decreasing and the areas operated by them shrinking." Explain the statement with examples.

"Mediterranean agriculture is highly specialised commercial agriculture." Explain the statement with examples.

"International trade may prove detrimental to some nations, yet it continues to exist." Justify the statement with examples.

"International trade is mutually beneficial to the trading partners." Justify the statement with examples.

Examine the sources of air pollution and its impact on human health.

Examine the problems faced by the slum dwellers in Indian cities.

On the given political outline map of the world (on page 25), seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.

A. A major sea port

B. Terminal station of a trans-continental railway

C. An international airport

D. An area of subsistence gathering

E. An important waterway

F. An area of nomadic herding

G. An area of mixed farming

On the given political outline map of India (on page 27), locate and label any five of the following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols.

(30.1) Important iron ore mines located in Western Maharashtra.

(30.2) An important sea port in Andhra Pradesh.

(30.3) Bauxite mines in Southern Odisha.

(30.4) An oil refinery located in Bihar.

(30.5) An international airport located in Tamil Nadu.

(30.6) A state with the lowest density of population as per 2011 census.

(30.7) A state leading in the production of tea.