CBSE Class 12 English Core Compartment Question Paper 2024 with Answer Key (Set 1 - 1/S/1)

The passage indicates that online news is becoming popular because it is easily accessible to a wide audience through digital platforms. This makes it a convenient option for those seeking to stay updated with the latest information. Quick Tip: Online news is favored due to its accessibility, allowing individuals to quickly access news from various devices and locations.

The phrase 'venturing outside of their own viewpoints' refers to the act of reconsidering one’s own beliefs and being open to new ideas. It suggests a departure from personal opinions to explore other perspectives. Quick Tip: Venturing outside one's viewpoint means stepping beyond personal biases and being open to considering alternative perspectives.

Online readers are unaware that the news they read on a digital platform is personalized or filtered by algorithms that tailor content based on their interests. This limits the diversity of news and reinforces existing biases by showing only what they are likely to agree with. Quick Tip: Algorithms often limit the range of information a reader sees, reinforcing existing views and narrowing the scope of news.

The passage explains that while algorithms filter content to match individual preferences, this process also limits exposure to diverse perspectives, which reinforces existing biases. This is a significant issue as it restricts the breadth of news and ideas available to readers. Quick Tip: Algorithms provide what the reader likes, but they also restrict exposure to diverse perspectives, creating a narrow view of the world.

The writer attributes the growing popularity of reading news online to the ease and convenience of access. The ability to read news instantly on digital devices, such as smartphones and tablets, makes it a preferred choice for many readers. Quick Tip: The increasing popularity of online news is due to its accessibility and convenience, allowing readers to stay informed wherever they are.

First, newspapers provide in-depth coverage of events, ensuring comprehensive and balanced reporting. Second, they are generally more reliable, with content that is fact-checked and edited, whereas online apps may display content that is not verified or could be biased. Quick Tip: Newspapers offer comprehensive and reliable news, with fact-checking, unlike online apps, which may prioritize speed over accuracy.

The passage discusses the role of newspapers and online news in shaping public perception. While newspapers are often regarded as more reliable than online sources, the passage hints that they too are subject to bias and limitations. This implies that the writer acknowledges that newspapers are not entirely objective or free from external influences. Since the passage does not explicitly mention a single word to complete this sentence, an appropriate inferred answer could be \textit{biased, \textit{subjective, or \textit{limited in perception, similar to online media. Quick Tip: Although newspapers are considered credible, they too can reflect biases or be influenced by external factors.

The passage discusses how the media, particularly online news, can shape perspectives. It implies that readers should not accept everything at face value but rather engage in critical thinking while consuming news. The term "discerning" refers to the ability to judge well, evaluate sources critically, and recognize potential misinformation. Being merely attentive or focused does not guarantee critical engagement, whereas "indifferent" would suggest a lack of concern. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is discerning, as it aligns with the need for analytical thinking when engaging with online news. Quick Tip: A discerning reader questions sources, cross-checks facts, and remains aware of potential biases in online media.

To identify the headline that does not correspond with occurrences in the passage, we need to analyze the context and themes of the passage. Since the passage is not provided here, I will outline a general approach to solving such questions:

1. Understand the Passage: Carefully read the passage to identify its main themes, key points, and the topics discussed.

2. Analyze the Headlines: Examine each headline (A–E) and determine whether it aligns with the content of the passage. Look for keywords or phrases in the headlines that match the ideas in the passage.

3. Identify the Mismatch: The headline that does not align with the passage's content or themes is the correct answer.

Example Analysis:
If the passage discusses the advantages and disadvantages of newspapers versus online news platforms, the following might apply:
Headline A (NEWSPAPERS – FREEDOM OF SPEECH): Likely relevant if the passage discusses freedom of speech in the context of newspapers.
Headline B (INTERNET – THE NEWS ENTERTAINER): Relevant if the passage discusses how the internet entertains through news.
Headline C (ONLINE NEWS – A LIMITED PERCEPTION): Relevant if the passage critiques online news for providing a narrow view.
Headline D (NEWSPAPER VS ONLINE NEWS APPS): Highly relevant if the passage compares newspapers and online news apps.
Headline E (NEWS – A BIASED PERSPECTIVE): Relevant if the passage discusses bias in news reporting.

If the passage does not discuss bias in news reporting, Headline E would be the one that does not correspond.

Final Answer:
Without the passage, I cannot definitively identify the mismatched headline. However, based on the general approach, the correct answer would be:
\[ \boxed{E} \] Quick Tip: Be cautious of distractor options in multiple-choice questions; always refer back to the passage for verification.

The transition from school to work presents multiple challenges for young people, but one of the most significant issues is finding employment. Many young people struggle to find job opportunities due to lack of experience, education mismatch, and the competitive job market. While transition (Option B) is a part of the overall challenge, it is the difficulty in securing a stable job that stands out. The text discusses how the lack of work experience and relevant skills make finding employment a major hurdle for the youth entering the workforce. Quick Tip: Young people often face challenges in the job market due to lack of work experience, which is essential for employers. Job-readiness programs and internships can help bridge this gap.

Governments are promoting Vocational Education and Training (VET) programmes primarily to ensure that workers are ready for the specific job markets. By offering relevant on-the-job training, these programs aim to equip individuals with the necessary skills for various industries. With industries continuously evolving, the skills required for specific jobs change as well, and vocational training ensures workers are aligned with industry demands. These programs enhance the employability of individuals by providing them with targeted, practical training that directly translates into workplace efficiency and job readiness.

Furthermore, governments realize that vocational education not only helps individuals secure employment but also supports the economy by creating a more skilled workforce capable of meeting the needs of businesses. Thus, governments view VET as a strategic move to combat skills gaps and unemployment. Quick Tip: Vocational education is a great way to ensure that individuals have the practical skills required by employers, which leads to better job opportunities and economic growth.

The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) has increased its efforts to skill 400 million people by 2025 to address the significant job creation opportunities and boost self-employment across India. As India undergoes rapid industrialization and modernization, there is a growing need for a skilled workforce that can meet the demands of emerging industries. Skilling the youth allows them to take on roles that not only improve their livelihoods but also contribute to the country's economic progress. Moreover, skilling initiatives help reduce the unemployment rate, ensuring that individuals are equipped for modern job markets. Quick Tip: Skill development programs play a crucial role in ensuring that the workforce is prepared for future job markets and helps tackle unemployment.

The text provides evidence that vocational training has helped over 1.5 million candidates secure jobs. This is not only through employment in various industries but also by equipping individuals with skills necessary to establish their own businesses. Vocational training provides aspiring entrepreneurs with the tools to navigate the business world, from understanding finance to marketing their products or services. This directly addresses the skill gap in self-employment, empowering individuals to start businesses that are sustainable and successful. Moreover, by developing practical skills, individuals are more likely to venture into self-employment with confidence. Quick Tip: Vocational training equips individuals with the practical skills required to establish and run their own business, improving their chances of becoming successful entrepreneurs.

Bani has acquired vocational training in fashion designing and used this expertise to establish her own boutique. This demonstrates that vocational training not only improves employability but also provides the entrepreneurial skills needed to start and sustain a business. In contrast, Ravi and Narain have used their skills to work in existing businesses, while Bani has taken the next step and become an entrepreneur. This example highlights the power of vocational training in fostering self-reliance and independence in the business world. Quick Tip: Vocational training can lead to self-employment, as shown by Bani’s success in establishing her own boutique after completing fashion designing training.

Vocational training plays a crucial role in reducing the skill gap by equipping individuals with industry-specific skills. It enhances employability by preparing workers for real-world job requirements. Some of its key benefits include:

Improving Employability: By providing hands-on experience and practical skills, vocational training makes individuals job-ready, increasing their chances of securing employment.

Fostering Entrepreneurship: It empowers individuals to start their own businesses, reducing dependence on conventional employment opportunities.

Driving Economic Growth: A skilled workforce contributes to increased productivity, innovation, and overall economic development.

Thus, vocational training is a vital tool in addressing unemployment and ensuring that the workforce meets industry demands. Quick Tip: Vocational training enhances job readiness by focusing on skill-based education, making individuals more competitive in the job market.

The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) highlights that a significant portion of the workforce in India lacks adequate skills. This indicates an urgent need to strengthen vocational training programs and promote skill-based education. An appropriate completion for the sentence could be:

"there is a need to highlight further vocational training initiatives to ensure a skilled and competent workforce."

This suggests that investment in skill development programs is essential for enhancing employability and economic progress. Quick Tip: A skilled workforce is key to national development; vocational training helps bridge skill gaps effectively.

The passage discusses the importance of vocational training and how skill development improves employment opportunities. The title “Improve Your Skills, Gain Better Jobs” accurately reflects this theme as it emphasizes the direct link between acquiring skills and securing better job opportunities. Given that the passage highlights the skill gap in the workforce and the importance of training programs, the title effectively conveys the central message. Quick Tip: Acquiring new skills increases job prospects and helps individuals secure better career opportunities.

Ravindra High School

Notice

Date: [Insert Date]

The Trips and Treks Club is organizing a trip to Paninagar for Grade 11 students. All students are requested to be seated in the auditorium at 5:00 PM sharp on [Insert Day] for important instructions regarding the trip. The bus will depart at [Insert Time] and students should come prepared with all necessary items for the trip.

For further details, please contact the club members.

Ravi/Reena

Senior School Prefect Quick Tip: Ensure all necessary details like the date, time, and meeting location are clearly mentioned in the notice to avoid confusion.

Arihant Housing Society

Notice

Date: [Insert Date]

This is to inform all residents of Arihant Housing Society that swimming facilities for children will be available in the society's swimming pool from 9:00 AM to 1:00 PM daily. A certified swimming coach and a trained life guard will be present to ensure the safety and guidance of all children during these hours.

Residents are requested to send their children within this time frame only.

Pradeep/Pratibha Choube

Secretary, Arihant Housing Society Quick Tip: Make sure to include the working hours and safety measures (coach and life guard) clearly in the notice to assure parents.

 Morning Star High School, Hawapur

Cordially Invites You to A 4-Day Health Camp for Parents and Students



Date: March 20 - March 23, 2025

Time: 9:00 AM - 4:00 PM Daily

Venue: School Auditorium, Morning Star High School, Hawapur


Join us for an enriching and informative health camp aimed at promoting well-being and a healthier lifestyle! The camp will feature:

Sessions by renowned doctors, nutritionists, and fitness experts.

Free health check-ups for students and parents.
Tips on healthy living, stress management, and nutrition.

Live yoga and fitness demonstrations.


We look forward to your presence at this event designed to benefit our school community.

RSVP: Tisha/Trilok Swami

(Student Head, Morning Star High School)

Contact: 9876543210

Email: healthcamp@morningstar.edu.in
Quick Tip: A formal invitation should include essential details such as the event name, date, time, venue, purpose, and RSVP contact.

Vanya/Vineet Gupta

45, Green Avenue, Vayu Town

March 15, 2025



To,

The Director,

Women Wellness Center,

Vayu Town.


Subject: Acceptance of Invitation for the Detox Programme


Respected Sir/Madam,


I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for the kind invitation extended to my mother, Mrs. Shagun Gupta, for the two-day Detox Programme at your esteemed center on March 18 - March 19, 2025. She is delighted to accept this wonderful opportunity and looks forward to participating in the wellness sessions.

She believes that this program will be an enriching experience and will contribute positively to her well-being. Kindly let us know if any prior preparations or documents are required for registration.

Thank you once again for this initiative. Looking forward to an insightful and rejuvenating program.

Yours sincerely,

Vanya/Vineet Gupta

(For Mrs. Shagun Gupta)
Quick Tip: A formal reply to an invitation should acknowledge the invite, express gratitude, confirm participation, and provide any necessary details.

Anil/Anu Lamba

[Insert Address]

[City, State, ZIP Code]

[Phone Number]

[Email Address]

[Date]

To

The Retail Sales Associate

AJ Retailers, Gulab Nagar

[Address of AJ Retailers]

Subject: Application for Part-Time Job Position

Dear Sir/Madam,

I came across the advertisement regarding the part-time job opening at AJ Retailers. I am writing to express my interest in applying for the position. I have recently completed my graduation and am eager to pursue higher education while gaining practical work experience.

I am confident that my communication skills and willingness to learn would be an asset to your team. I am available to work flexible hours and can contribute positively to your company’s objectives.

Please find attached my bio-data for your reference.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely,

Anil/Anu Lamba Quick Tip: When applying for a part-time job, make sure to clearly express your interest, qualifications, and availability in your cover letter.

Animesh/Anisha

[Your Address]

[City, State, ZIP Code]

[Phone Number]

[Email Address]

[Date]

To

The Editor

[Newspaper Name]

[Newspaper Address]

Subject: Concern Regarding Construction Debris on Roadsides

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to express my concern regarding the irresponsible dumping of construction debris on the roadsides near Ambernath, Mompur. The debris is obstructing footpaths and creating garbage dumps, which not only hinders pedestrians but also poses a serious health risk.

It is disheartening to see that builders, who are responsible for maintaining cleanliness during construction, continue to disregard public safety. This careless attitude is causing inconvenience to the residents, as it limits access to footpaths and promotes the growth of unhealthy conditions such as dust and waste accumulation.

I urge the local authorities to take immediate action by imposing stricter regulations on builders and ensuring the proper disposal of construction materials. It is also important to create awareness among citizens about maintaining a clean and safe environment.

I hope my letter will draw attention to this issue and prompt necessary action.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours faithfully,

Animesh/Anisha Quick Tip: When writing a letter to the editor, make sure to state the problem clearly, provide supporting details, and suggest possible solutions.

\LARGE Digital Marketing: A Revolution in the Business World


By Hitesh/Henna


Digital Marketing has witnessed an unprecedented rise in the past few years, transforming the way businesses connect with their audience. In an era where technology drives consumer behavior, companies have realized the power of online platforms in reaching their target market.

One of the primary advantages of digital marketing is its ability to connect with customers directly and foster engagement. Unlike traditional marketing, digital strategies allow brands to establish a two-way communication channel with consumers, making interactions more personalized and effective.

Moreover, digital marketing offers immense creative freedom, enabling businesses to experiment with innovative advertising methods such as social media campaigns, influencer marketing, and interactive content.

The benefits of digital marketing extend beyond creativity. It provides businesses with hands-on experience, making them adaptable to changing market trends. Additionally, it allows companies to easily target the right audience, ensuring better conversion rates. Its cost-effectiveness makes it accessible even for small businesses, while its global reach eliminates geographical limitations, opening doors to international markets.

With the rise of artificial intelligence, automation, and data analytics, digital marketing continues to evolve, offering endless possibilities for businesses to grow and thrive in the digital age. Companies that leverage digital marketing effectively are sure to stay ahead in the competitive landscape. Quick Tip: Digital marketing is an essential tool for businesses today, offering cost-effective, targeted, and global outreach opportunities.

 ‘Foodie Women’ Contest Showcases Culinary Excellence


By Indrajeet/Indrani, Press Reporter, Daily News


Vayu Town, March 15, 2025: The prestigious Hotel Grand recently hosted the much-anticipated ‘Foodie Women’ Contest, a vibrant celebration of culinary skills and creativity. The two-day event witnessed an enthusiastic participation of 25 talented women, including renowned chefs, home cooks, and food enthusiasts from across the region.

The primary objective of the contest was to provide a platform for women to exhibit their expertise in cooking and innovative food presentation. Participants were provided with premium-quality ingredients and professional-grade equipment to prepare their signature dishes.

The competition was judged based on a variety of evaluation criteria, including taste, flavor, texture, aroma, and presentation. Renowned chefs from leading restaurants served as jury members, meticulously assessing each dish. The event witnessed an exciting blend of traditional and modern culinary techniques, making the competition fierce and engaging.

After intense rounds of cooking, the top honor was awarded to Mrs. Radhika Sharma, who impressed the judges with her exquisite fusion dish combining Indian spices with European flavors. The runners-up, Meera Nair and Sonia Mehta, were also appreciated for their creativity and technique.

The event concluded with a felicitation ceremony, where participants were applauded for their dedication and passion for cooking. The ‘Foodie Women’ Contest not only celebrated the art of cooking but also empowered women by encouraging them to pursue their culinary dreams. Quick Tip: A well-structured report should include details about the event, participants, venue, judging criteria, results, and the overall impact of the program.

Keats in this extract highlights the profound impact of beauty on human life, suggesting that beauty is a remedy for the difficulties and challenges faced by humanity. The beauty of nature or other lovely things lifts the human spirit and alleviates the suffering and negativity encountered in daily life. Quick Tip: Keats suggests that beauty provides solace, acting as a cure for the many trials and struggles of human existence.

The statement is true as per the extract. Keats emphasizes that despite the sadness and hardship of life, the beauty of nature and the sweet memories provide a binding force that connects us to the earth, making life more meaningful. Quick Tip: Sweet memories and the beauty of nature offer a form of attachment, helping us cope with life's challenges and bind us to our existence.

‘Wreathing a flowery band…’
- keeps us connected
- grounded to mother earth
- establishes man’s connection with nature

The flowery band symbolizes nature’s beauty, which connects humans with the earth, providing spiritual grounding and reminding them of the peaceful bond they share with nature. Quick Tip: The flowery band represents the link between humans and nature, helping them remain connected to the earth and offering solace in times of despair.

Keats uses the phrase ‘Spite of despondence’ to highlight the contrast between the challenges and negativity in life (such as despair, violence, and sorrow) and the uplifting power of beauty. Despite the sadness or dark times, beauty (whether in nature or memories) provides hope, solace, and relief. Quick Tip: Keats contrasts the harshness of life with the restorative power of beauty, emphasizing that beauty helps people rise above negativity.

The phrase ‘gloomy days’ employs a transferred epithet. The adjective ‘gloomy’ is typically used to describe emotions or states of mind, but it is transferred to the noun ‘days’, giving it a more evocative and emotional quality. Quick Tip: A transferred epithet involves shifting an adjective that typically describes one noun to modify another, creating a deeper emotional impact.

Keats attributes the difficulties in life to the "unhealthy and o'er darkened ways," referring to the negative experiences and challenges humans face. This highlights the contrast between life’s hardships and the beauty that offers relief. Quick Tip: The phrase "unhealthy and o'er darkened ways" reflects life's inevitable struggles and challenges, which are contrasted by the beauty that sustains us.

The use of the conjunction ‘and’ at the beginning of the line conveys the poetess’s sudden realization of her mother’s old age and frailty. It signifies a moment of deep emotional pain, where she is confronted with the fear of separation and the inevitable loss of her mother. This realization is overwhelming, yet she quickly attempts to suppress her emotions. Quick Tip: The conjunction ‘and’ at the beginning of a sentence can indicate a continuation of thoughts or an emotional buildup in poetry.

The poetess experiences deep sorrow upon seeing her mother’s frail and aging appearance. The realization that her mother has grown old and fragile fills her with emotional distress, reinforcing her fear of losing her mother in the near future. Quick Tip: Aging is a natural process, but witnessing it in loved ones often triggers an emotional response.

This line reflects the poetess’s attempt to divert her mind from the painful realization of her mother’s aging. She consciously tries to push away negative thoughts and suppress her sorrow, choosing instead to focus on external surroundings as a means of distraction. Quick Tip: People often use distractions to cope with painful emotions or difficult realizations.

The poetess deliberately looks out of the car window to escape the painful thoughts about her mother’s aging. This act of distraction allows her to momentarily shift her focus from sorrow to the passing scenery outside. Quick Tip: Distraction is a common psychological response to overwhelming emotions.

The phrase ‘Trees sprinting’ is an example of personification, where inanimate objects (trees) are given human-like qualities (sprinting). This imagery reflects the movement of trees as seen from a moving vehicle, symbolizing the passage of time and the fast-paced nature of life. Quick Tip: Personification is a literary device that attributes human qualities to non-human objects or elements.

The ‘Young Trees’ symbolize youth, energy, growth, and the passage of time. While the poetess’s mother represents old age and fragility, the outside world is full of life and movement. This stark contrast highlights the inevitable cycle of life—where the young continue to grow while the old age. The image of ‘sprinting trees’ also suggests the fast-moving nature of time, reinforcing the poetess’s fear of separation and loss. Quick Tip: Symbolism in poetry helps convey deeper meanings, often linking emotions to visual imagery.

Antarctica, with its simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity, serves as an ideal environment for studying how even small changes in the environment can cause significant effects. The absence of complex ecological interactions makes it easier to study the impact of various environmental factors. Quick Tip: Antarctica's simplicity and lack of biodiversity make it a unique location to observe the impact of environmental changes on ecosystems.

Phytoplankton is the term used for microscopic plant-like organisms that live in the sea. They are essential to the marine food chain as they provide nourishment to various marine species. They utilize the sun’s energy for photosynthesis. Quick Tip: Phytoplankton are the base of the oceanic food web and are vital for sustaining marine life, as they convert sunlight into energy.

Yes, scientists warn that further depletion of the ozone layer will affect the activities of phytoplankton. Since phytoplankton play a critical role in photosynthesis and the marine food chain, any disruption in their activities would impact the entire marine ecosystem. Quick Tip: The depletion of the ozone layer can have far-reaching effects on marine life, as it disturbs the functioning of phytoplankton, which are essential to the food chain.

The word "wonder" in this context refers to amazement or a feeling of awe. Keats uses this term to describe the fascinating and extraordinary processes that take place in nature, particularly how tiny phytoplankton perform photosynthesis. Quick Tip: Wonder in literature often conveys a sense of amazement or admiration, particularly in the context of natural phenomena.

The dewan and his wife dragged the tiger to the car because they needed to provide the hundredth tiger to the Tiger King. The Maharaja had issued strict orders to hunt exactly one hundred tigers, and failure to do so would have resulted in severe consequences. The dewan, fearing for his position and life, took matters into his own hands. Since the tiger was too old and weak to escape or resist, it was easier for them to transport it. Quick Tip: The dewan's act was driven by fear of the king’s wrath, highlighting how power and pressure can lead people to desperate measures.

The term ‘satyagraha’ refers to a form of non-violent resistance or passive protest, famously used by Mahatma Gandhi. The author humorously compares the tiger’s refusal to move or obey the dewan to an act of protest. The tiger, despite being captured and transported, stubbornly refused to get out of the car. This symbolic resistance aligns with the concept of satyagraha, making it an ironic yet fitting description. Quick Tip: Satyagraha is a method of passive resistance, where one refuses to comply with certain demands as a form of protest.

The dewan plays a crucial role in arranging the hundredth tiger for the Tiger King. His actions are driven by the need to please the king and avoid his wrath. Since the real hundredth tiger could not be found, the dewan resorted to desperate measures by bringing in an old, weak tiger to complete the count. His role highlights themes of loyalty, fear, and servitude in a monarchy, where officials are forced to obey irrational demands to maintain their positions. Quick Tip: The dewan’s role reflects the influence of absolute power and the lengths subordinates go to in order to fulfill a ruler’s wishes.

The phrase ‘in humble supplication’ means to act in a manner that conveys submission, obedience, or request for mercy. In the passage, the tiger is described as standing before the king as if seeking his command, which humorously suggests that the animal accepted its fate. The use of this phrase is ironic because the tiger, instead of resisting or attacking, appears to be agreeing with the king’s wishes, reinforcing the idea that even nature conforms to his authority. Quick Tip: The phrase ‘in humble supplication’ is often used to describe someone pleading or submitting to a higher authority.

When Franz's name was called, he felt nervous and guilty. His heart was beating fast, and he got mixed up in his thoughts. He was scared and did not dare to look up, showing his fear of the consequences of his actions, such as not being prepared for the lesson. Quick Tip: Franz’s nervousness stems from his guilt about not being prepared for the lesson, which made him feel fearful and unsure of himself.

Franz's fear and anxiety arose from the fact that he had not learned the participles and was unprepared for the recitation. His nervousness was a result of his lack of preparation, which made him feel guilty and inadequate. Quick Tip: Being unprepared for something important can cause nervousness and anxiety, as it makes individuals feel vulnerable and guilty.

M. Hamel’s remark stemmed from a sense of guilt that Franz must have felt. The reason was that Franz had procrastinated in learning French, repeatedly telling himself that he would learn tomorrow. The sense of regret stemmed from putting off the responsibility of learning until it was too late, which was emphasized by the urgency of the situation—Franz had missed out on learning his mother tongue. Quick Tip: Procrastination and lack of seriousness in learning can lead to feelings of regret and guilt when one faces the consequences of not having studied.

The one word that can summarize this attitude is "procrastination." It refers to the act of delaying or postponing tasks, especially tasks that need immediate attention. Quick Tip: Procrastination is often a result of not taking tasks seriously, which can lead to unnecessary stress when deadlines approach.

M. Hamel's comment was driven by his disappointment with the lack of effort shown by the students, including Franz, in learning their own language. By ignoring the importance of learning French, the students were disrespecting their cultural heritage and identity, and this neglect was what M. Hamel found unforgivable. Quick Tip: Language is an essential part of one’s identity, and neglecting to learn and preserve it can lead to feelings of shame and regret.

M. Hamel was reflecting on the fact that he, too, was complicit in the students' failure to take their studies seriously. The students had adopted a lackadaisical attitude towards their education, putting off learning and neglecting their responsibilities. This lack of commitment was not only a problem for the students but also a collective failure, including M. Hamel himself. Quick Tip: Lackadaisical attitudes toward responsibilities can lead to a loss of opportunities and regret, which can be deeply frustrating for both students and teachers.

Saheb explains that scrounging through garbage is not just a means of survival but also a source of hope. For children like him, the chance of finding something valuable, such as a rupee or even a ten-rupee note, keeps them engaged in the activity. Unlike their parents, who see garbage as a means of livelihood, children find excitement and curiosity in it. Quick Tip: For children in poverty, scavenging offers both a way to survive and small moments of joy when they discover something unexpected.

In the passage, the phrase ‘don’t stop scrounging’ suggests that the children continue scavenging because of the possibility of finding something valuable. It represents their hope that amidst the trash, they might stumble upon something useful or even money. This hope keeps them engaged in an otherwise demeaning and tiring activity. Quick Tip: Hope is a powerful force that can drive people to continue in difficult circumstances, even when the chances of success are small.

The phrase ‘wrapped in wonder’ indicates that for the children, garbage is not just waste but a place of discovery and excitement. Unlike their parents, who see garbage as a source of income, children find thrill in exploring it. Their innocent perspective allows them to view scavenging as a game rather than a struggle for survival. Quick Tip: Children often see the world with curiosity and excitement, even in situations of hardship.

Saheb watches the two men playing tennis because he is fascinated by the game. He likes it but cannot afford to play himself due to his social and economic condition. Standing behind the fence, he experiences a sense of longing, as he is an outsider looking in on a world of privilege and leisure that he cannot access. Quick Tip: For many underprivileged children, witnessing a life of comfort and recreation only highlights the deep socioeconomic divide.

The gatekeeper allows Saheb to use the swing when no one else is around, showing empathy. Though he does not have the authority to let Saheb play tennis, he makes a small gesture of kindness by allowing him access to the swing. This shows a moment of compassion toward someone less fortunate. Quick Tip: Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, even in small everyday actions.

Saheb explains that someone gave him the shoes, indicating that they were second-hand or discarded. He says this as if he needs to justify why he has them, possibly because he feels out of place wearing something that suggests privilege. His explanation reflects the reality that many underprivileged children rely on the charity of others for basic needs. Quick Tip: Many underprivileged children receive second-hand items, but often feel the need to explain or justify their possessions.

The Champaran episode empowered the peasants. They gained confidence, became self-reliant, and learned the values of fearlessness and courage. Gandhi’s intervention secured a 25% share of the profit for the peasants, which was a significant win and the beginning of their freedom. The collective struggle united them and led to a sense of dignity and rights. Quick Tip: The Champaran movement marked the beginning of a major change for the peasants as they learned the power of collective action and self-reliance.

Douglas used the metaphor ‘Deep Water’ to symbolize his deep-rooted fear of water. As a child, he was afraid of drowning, especially after being knocked down by the waves and constantly reminded of the dangerous Yakima River by his mother. His fear was so intense that when a bully threw him into the deep end of the pool, he had to gradually struggle and fight his fear, learning how to overcome it and eventually gain confidence. Quick Tip: The metaphor “Deep Water” represents both the literal fear of drowning and the metaphorical battle to overcome personal fears.

The title ‘The Rattrap’ signifies how life is like a trap. The protagonist, feeling trapped in his life, realizes that the material temptations in life act as bait, luring people into the trap. The rattrap metaphor highlights the idea of being caught in the cycle of greed and desire, unable to escape the consequences of one’s actions. Quick Tip: Life's temptations often lead us into traps, and the rattrap symbolizes how easy it is to fall into materialistic desires without realizing the consequences.

Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by the constraints of married life, which suffocate and oppress her. She lives in constant fear of her husband and is anxious and uncertain about her life. The burdens of her life weigh her down, and she feels trapped by her circumstances, unable to break free. Quick Tip: Aunt Jennifer’s ordeals reflect the emotional and psychological constraints placed on women by oppressive societal and marital norms.

In the lesson, the word ‘Interview’ signifies an interaction between two individuals, where one (the interviewer) holds unprecedented power and position, often questioning the other (the interviewee). It is portrayed as a formal practice, where one person’s responses are scrutinized. The term also hints at the practice’s invasive nature, as it metaphorically wounds the interviewee’s sense of dignity. Quick Tip: Interviews hold significant power and authority, as they often place the interviewee in a vulnerable position, revealing aspects of their character and experience.

Ashokamitran uses the contrast between the two worlds of poets and pancakes to entertain readers. The story describes a makeup artist who works in the film industry and contrasts this with the presence of important people like the lawyer and Stephen Spender. The metaphor of “Poets and Pancakes” serves to highlight the humor and absurdity in the situation, demonstrating the mixing of the mundane with the artistic. Quick Tip: Ashokamitran cleverly uses metaphor to highlight the differences between two seemingly unrelated worlds, drawing attention to the humor in everyday life.

Zitkala-Sa feels a deep sense of loss and helplessness as she struggles against the forceful imposition of an unfamiliar culture. She misses the warmth and security of her home and mother but realizes that her rebellion is in vain. The shingling of her hair, the rigid discipline, and the close-clinging dress symbolize the stripping away of her dignity and individuality. Despite her desperate struggle, she is unable to resist the imposed norms, leading her to feel that her spirit's fight for freedom was futile. Quick Tip: Forced assimilation often leads to a loss of identity, culture, and dignity, making individuals feel powerless.

Mr. Lamb strongly believes that all living beings are equal and part of God's creation. He does not discriminate based on differences. He gives the example of weeds in his garden, stating that every green plant is valuable, regardless of whether it is considered a weed. His philosophy promotes inclusivity, where disabilities and differences are accepted as normal. He teaches Derry that everything in the world is unique, yet part of the same whole, encouraging him to embrace life with confidence. Quick Tip: True acceptance comes from seeing differences as strengths rather than weaknesses.

Hana is a compassionate and rational woman who supports her husband, Dr. Sadao, in his moral dilemma. Although she is a patriot, she does not let hatred for the enemy cloud her judgment. She believes in humanity above nationalism and convinces Sadao to treat the wounded enemy soldier rather than abandon him. Her logical thinking and strong moral values make her a courageous and humane individual. Quick Tip: True morality lies in helping others, even when personal beliefs or national interests conflict.

Dear Robert,

I recently read your poem ‘A Roadside Stand and...’ and I was deeply moved by the emotions conveyed. I feel the same sadness you described in your lines, “The sadness that lurks near the open window there, that waits all day in almost open prayer.” These words resonated with me as I believe we share the same concern for the plight of the have-nots in our society.


I would earnestly like to reduce the plight of the underprivileged and help bridge the gap between the have-nots and the rest of the society. This can be done by spreading awareness among the affluent and sensitizing them to contribute both in cash and kind. A collective effort is needed, one that can develop feelings of love and acceptance among those who are often disregarded, transforming them into respected members of society.


We can start by gradually selecting small pockets of localities, perhaps beginning with the neighbourhood. We could encourage locals to purchase from the underprivileged, make them members of cooperatives, and help them build a better future. We must not neglect the village folk, as they have products to sell but lack opportunities.


Together, we can remove the class differences, inequality, and exploitation by those in power. The cry for help that echoes through the poor will be answered.


I hope we will make it together and rock the neighbourhood.


Warmly,

Pablo Neruda Quick Tip: Addressing inequality requires collective efforts. Sensitizing the affluent and helping create opportunities for the underprivileged can make a real difference in society.

Aunt Jennifer, Sophie’s mom, Mukesh’s grandmother, and my mother have all lived different lives, but they are united by a common struggle – that of being women. Through their stories, we can see the many facets of a woman’s life, which are filled with challenges, sacrifices, and often unspoken pain.


Aunt Jennifer’s life is a reflection of oppression and the constraints imposed by her marriage. She lives in fear, with her freedom limited by societal norms. Yet, despite her circumstances, she channels her strength through her art, creating tigers that symbolize her unspoken desire for power and freedom. Her art becomes a permanent symbol of her resilience.


Sophie’s mother and Mukesh’s grandmother represent the oppression of the impoverished. They live in poverty, with limited resources, and are often helpless in the face of familial authority. They have no voice in the household and are neglected. Their lives are characterized by the absence of choice, a stark reminder of the systemic oppression that affects women from marginalized communities.


Kamala Das’s mother symbolizes the transience of human life. She speaks of life as fleeting, reminding us of the inevitability of death. However, this fleeting nature of life also serves as a reminder that we must stand up for ourselves, fight for our rights, and not let ourselves be defined by the roles imposed on us by society.


As women, we must not only recognize our struggles but also take pride in our strengths. We must not wait for change to come; we must fight for our rights, intertwining tradition with progressive thoughts. The need of the hour is to stand for ourselves and the generations of women who will follow.


Let us support each other and raise our voices, for it is through unity and understanding that we can create a better future for ourselves and for our daughters. Quick Tip: The responsibility of being a woman lies not only in accepting challenges but also in actively fighting for one’s rights and dignity.

 Louisa’s Diary Entry

Date: [Insert Date]



Dear Diary,


I have been married to Charley for a few years now, and I have always known him to be an intelligent man with a strong imagination. However, his recent obsession with finding the Third Level is making him act strangely. He seems completely lost in his thoughts, talking about Galesburg, Illinois in 1894 as if it were a real place. I am beginning to worry that he is trying to escape from reality, avoiding the insecurities and fears of the modern world.

Sam believes that Charley’s search for the Third Level is nothing but a waking dream wish fulfillment. Perhaps Charley is deeply troubled by the anxieties of post-war life, and in his heart, he wishes to be at peace, just like his grandfather was in a simpler time. War, stress, and the fast-paced life of the present seem to overwhelm him, making him yearn for an era that no longer exists.

Despite my concerns, I do see a small glimmer of hope. Charley has gone back to his old hobby of stamp collection, which might help him find some comfort in reality again. If this brings him happiness, then I am ready to help him find peace in whatever way I can.

Louisa
Quick Tip: People often seek escape from reality when faced with overwhelming stress or uncertainty in life.

Zitkala-Sa’s Diary Entry

Date: [Insert Date]



Dear Diary,


Today, as I stepped into the girls’ school as a teacher, I was struck by the joyful faces of young students. They laughed freely, their eyes filled with curiosity, and I realized how much times have changed. This sight transported me back to my own first day at school, a day filled with fear, pain, and humiliation.

Back then, we were treated like a herd, made to wear immodest dresses, and forced to abandon our cultural identity. The most painful moment was when they shingled my hair, a symbol of cowardice among my people. I tried to rebel, I fought back, but my voice was silenced by force. I felt like a prisoner in an unfamiliar world, stripped of my dignity.

But today, I see a new world. There is democracy, gender equality, and freedom of speech. Young girls are treated with respect and are encouraged to dream. I am proud that I have played a role in fighting against oppression and injustice. The struggles of the past were not in vain.

I remind myself today: "Let that which has happened in the past now be forgotten as it has gone now." I will dedicate my life to ensuring that no child ever has to suffer the way I did.

Zitkala-Sa
Quick Tip: Education and awareness help societies progress, ensuring that future generations do not suffer the injustices of the past.