CBSE Class 12 2025 Geography  Set -3 (64-2-3) : Download Answer Key and Solution PDF

The definition of human geography as “the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface” is attributed to Richard Hartshorne. Hartshorne was a prominent American geographer who made significant contributions to the field of human geography. His work emphasized the importance of understanding the spatial relationships and interactions between human societies and their environments. This definition reflects his focus on the synthesis of various elements that influence human geography. Quick Tip: Understanding the contributions of key geographers like Richard Hartshorne can provide valuable insights into the development of geographical thought and the evolution of human geography as a discipline.

The core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as the home of human beings and its sustainability. Geography focuses on the spatial relationships between humans and their environments, emphasizing how human activities impact and are influenced by the natural world. This holistic approach includes studying the sustainability of human habitats and the interactions between societies and their environments. Quick Tip: When studying geography, it's essential to grasp the interdisciplinary nature of the field, which integrates physical and human aspects to understand the complexities of the earth's systems and human-environment interactions.

The concept of `Neodeterminism' was introduced by Griffith Taylor. Neodeterminism, also known as stop-and-go determinism, is a geographical theory that suggests that while the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, human beings have the ability to adjust and make choices within those constraints. This concept bridges the gap between environmental determinism and possibilism. Griffith Taylor, an Australian geographer, is credited with developing this theory to explain the interaction between human societies and their environments. Quick Tip: When studying geographical theories, it's helpful to understand the key figures and their contributions. Griffith Taylor's Neodeterminism is an important concept that balances environmental influences with human agency.

Outports are typically deep water ports (i) and are built away from the actual ports (ii). They serve as auxiliary ports to handle larger vessels that cannot be accommodated in the main port. Piraeus is indeed an example of an outport for Athens in Greece (iv). However, outports are not specifically known as ferry ports (iii), which is a different category of ports primarily used for ferry services. Therefore, the correct statements are (i), (ii), and (iv). Quick Tip: Understanding the specific functions and examples of different types of ports, such as outports, can help in grasping the complexities of maritime logistics and infrastructure.

The Assertion (A) that ‘The chief gateways of the world are harbours and ports’ is correct because harbours and ports are crucial for global trade and transportation. The Reason (R) that ‘Cargoes and travellers are transported through them’ is also correct and directly explains why harbours and ports are considered the chief gateways of the world. Therefore, both statements are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Quick Tip: When evaluating assertion-reason questions, it's important to determine not only the validity of each statement but also whether the reason logically explains the assertion.

Ports of Call were originally developed for refuelling, watering, and collecting food items. These ports serve as stopping points for ships during their voyages, providing essential supplies and services to ensure the continuation of their journeys. Quick Tip: Understanding the different types of ports and their specific functions can help in grasping the logistics and infrastructure of maritime transportation.

The correct order of the towns from north to south is:

(iv) Lucknow (northernmost)

(i) Nagpur

(ii) Hyderabad

(iii) Madurai (southernmost) Quick Tip: When arranging locations from north to south, it's helpful to refer to a map or geographical coordinates to ensure accuracy.

The statements regarding medieval towns in India are as follows:

(i) About 100 of the existing towns have their roots in the medieval period. This is correct as many towns in India trace their origins back to the medieval era.

(ii) Varanasi, Madurai, and Prayag are some of its examples. This is correct as these cities have significant historical roots in the medieval period.

(iii) Most of the towns were developed as headquarters of the kingdoms. This is correct as many medieval towns served as administrative centers for various kingdoms.

(iv) These are mostly fort towns built on ruins of ancient towns. This is incorrect because not all medieval towns were fort towns or built on ancient ruins.


Therefore, the correct option is (A) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
Quick Tip: When analyzing historical statements, it's important to verify each point against known historical facts. Understanding the context and development of medieval towns in India can help in accurately assessing such statements.

The statements related to international trade of India are as follows:

(i) India has a long coastline surrounded by ocean from three sides. This is correct as India is bordered by the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean.

(ii) Indian coasts have a large number of well-developed sea ports. This is correct as India has several major ports like Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.

(iii) Kandla port exports a huge amount of iron-ore. This is incorrect because Kandla port is primarily known for handling petroleum products and chemicals, not iron-ore.

(iv) The transportation cost by water is very cheap for voluminous items. This is correct as water transport is generally more economical for large and heavy goods.


Therefore, the correct option is (A) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.
Quick Tip: When evaluating statements about international trade, consider the geographical and economic context. Understanding the specific roles of different ports and the advantages of various transportation methods can help in making accurate assessments.

The assertion (A) states that the agriculturally rich states of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh are facing a crisis of groundwater depletion. This is a well-documented issue due to extensive agricultural activities in these regions. The reason (R) explains that more groundwater is utilized for irrigation than is recharged into the water table, which is a primary cause of groundwater depletion. Therefore, both statements are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A). Quick Tip: When analyzing assertions and reasons, it's important to verify the factual accuracy of both statements and assess whether the reason logically explains the assertion.

The statements related to the Indira Gandhi Canal Project are as follows:

(i) Indira Gandhi Canal project was conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1950 and it was launched in 1961. This is incorrect because the project was conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, not 1950.

(ii) Introduction of canal irrigation has brought perceptible changes in the agricultural economy of the command area. This is correct as the project has significantly transformed the agricultural landscape.

(iii) Spread of canal irrigation has led to increase in cultivated area and crop intensity. This is correct as the irrigation has expanded agricultural activities.

(iv) Traditional crops of jowar, bajra has been replaced by rice and wheat etc. This is correct as the irrigation has facilitated the cultivation of water-intensive crops like rice and wheat.

Therefore, the correct option is (D) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only are correct.
Quick Tip: When analyzing statements about large-scale projects, it's important to verify historical facts and understand the socio-economic impacts. The Indira Gandhi Canal Project is a significant example of how irrigation can transform agricultural practices.

The watershed management programme in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh is funded by the Ministry of Rural Development. This ministry focuses on initiatives that promote sustainable development and resource management in rural areas, including watershed management projects aimed at conserving water and improving agricultural productivity. Quick Tip: Understanding the roles of different ministries can help in identifying the correct funding sources for various development programs.

Local names like Panna, Para, Palli, Nagla, and Dhani are examples of hamleted settlements. In a hamleted settlement, the village is divided into several units physically separated from each other, often due to social or ethnic factors. Each unit is called a hamlet, and these hamlets are often named differently, reflecting the dispersed nature of the settlement. Quick Tip: Recognizing the characteristics of different types of rural settlements can aid in understanding the social and geographical patterns in rural India.

Slums are characterized by substandard living conditions and lack of basic amenities. The key factors that make slums undesirable places to live include:
Step 1: Identifying Poor Living Conditions

- Slums often consist of dilapidated houses with poor ventilation (Statement (i)).

- Basic facilities such as electricity, lighting, and toilets are often unavailable or difficult to access (Statement (ii)).

- The hygienic conditions are inadequate, with improper drinking water facilities (Statement (iii)).

Step 2: Evaluating Incorrect Statements

- Statement (iv) suggests that better drainage facilities are available, which is incorrect. Slums typically suffer from poor drainage, leading to unsanitary conditions and waterlogging.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A) Only (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct. Quick Tip: Slums develop due to rapid urbanization and lack of affordable housing. Government initiatives such as slum rehabilitation schemes aim to improve living conditions and provide basic amenities.

The correct option is (D) Other commodities. From the table, the percentage share of "Other commodities" decreased from 1.1% in 2015-16 to 0.5% in 2016-17, which is the maximum decline among the given categories. Quick Tip: When analyzing trends in data tables, focus on the changes in percentage points over the specified time period to identify the maximum increase or decrease.

The correct option is (A) Agriculture and allied products. From the table, the percentage share of "Agriculture and allied products" increased from 9.9% in 2010-11 to 12.3% in 2016-17, indicating an increase in export share. Quick Tip: To determine increases or decreases in export shares, compare the percentage values across the specified years for each category.

The correct option is (C) Manufactured goods. From the table, the percentage share of "Manufactured goods" increased continuously from 67.4% in 2009-10 to 73.6% in 2016-17, showing a consistent upward trend. Quick Tip: For questions about continuous trends, look for categories that show a steady increase or decrease over multiple time periods without any reversals.

The decrease in cultivable waste land from 1950-51 to 2014-15 can be attributed to the conversion of such lands into agricultural use. Over the years, advancements in agricultural technology, irrigation facilities, and land reclamation projects have enabled farmers to bring more previously uncultivated or underutilized land into productive use. This has reduced the proportion of land classified as cultivable waste. Quick Tip: Understanding changes in land use categories involves considering technological advancements and policy measures that influence agricultural practices.

The increase in current fallow land from 1950-51 to 2014-15 can be due to several factors, including soil fertility management practices. Farmers may leave land fallow to allow it to recover its fertility naturally. Additionally, economic factors such as fluctuating crop prices and input costs can lead farmers to temporarily leave land uncultivated. Changes in agricultural policies and water availability issues might also contribute to this trend. Quick Tip: Current fallow land increases can be influenced by both agronomic practices and socio-economic factors affecting farming decisions.

The continuous increase in net area sown from 1950-51 to 2014-15 is primarily due to the expansion of agricultural activities and the intensification of farming practices. Improved irrigation facilities, better seeds, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides have made it possible to cultivate more land. Additionally, government policies aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and food security have encouraged the conversion of non-cultivable and fallow lands into productive agricultural land. Quick Tip: The increase in net area sown reflects the impact of technological advancements and policy interventions aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity.

Poaching has had a devastating impact on wild animals. It has led to the extinction or endangerment of many species. Illegal hunting disrupts ecosystems and reduces biodiversity. Poaching often targets animals for their valuable parts, such as ivory, fur, or horns, which are sold on the black market. This not only threatens the survival of specific species but also affects the balance of natural habitats, leading to broader environmental consequences. Quick Tip: Understanding the impact of poaching involves recognizing both the direct effects on animal populations and the broader ecological consequences.

In early times, hunting was limited due to the use of primitive tools made of stones, twigs, or arrows. These tools were not very efficient, which restricted the number of animals that could be hunted. Additionally, early humans had a deep reliance on their immediate environment and practiced sustainable hunting to ensure that animal populations were not depleted. The limited technology and the need to maintain a balance with nature kept hunting activities in check. Quick Tip: Early hunting practices were influenced by the available technology and the necessity to live in harmony with nature, which naturally limited the scale of hunting.

Early humans depended on their immediate natural environment because they lacked the technology and knowledge to manipulate their surroundings extensively. They relied on hunting wild animals and gathering edible plants for food, shelter, and clothing. This direct dependence was essential for their survival, as they needed to utilize the resources available in their vicinity to meet their basic needs. The immediate environment provided all the necessary resources for sustenance and protection. Quick Tip: Early human survival strategies were closely tied to the natural resources available in their immediate surroundings, highlighting the importance of the environment in shaping human development.

The distribution of the world population is significantly influenced by climate, water availability, and soil fertility. These factors determine the suitability of a region for human habitation and agricultural activities.


Climate: Regions with moderate climates, such as temperate zones, are more densely populated. Extreme climates, like deserts and polar regions, are sparsely populated due to harsh living conditions.
Water Availability: Access to fresh water is crucial for drinking, agriculture, and industry. River valleys and areas with abundant rainfall tend to have higher population densities.
Soil Fertility: Fertile soils support agriculture, which is essential for food production. Regions with fertile soils, such as river basins and plains, are often densely populated.


These factors collectively influence where people settle and how populations are distributed across the globe. Quick Tip: When analyzing population distribution, consider how environmental factors like climate, water, and soil interact to create habitable and productive regions.

The demographic transition theory describes the transformation of countries from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as they develop economically. The three stages are:


Stage 1 - High Stationary: Both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a stable or slowly growing population. This stage is characteristic of pre-industrial societies.
Stage 2 - Early Expanding: Death rates decline due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply, while birth rates remain high. This leads to rapid population growth.
Stage 3 - Late Expanding: Birth rates begin to decline due to factors such as increased access to contraception, urbanization, and changes in social norms. Population growth slows down.


These stages help explain the demographic changes that occur as societies develop. Quick Tip: Understanding the demographic transition theory helps in analyzing population trends and planning for future demographic changes.

The Rhine River primarily flows through Germany. A significant portion of its course is within German territory, making it the country where most of the Rhine River lies. Quick Tip: When identifying the primary country of a river's course, consider the length of the river within each country's borders.

Two countries whose industrial areas are connected by the Rhine River are Germany and Switzerland. The Rhine serves as a vital waterway for transporting goods between these industrial regions. Quick Tip: The Rhine River is a crucial transportation route in Europe, linking several industrial hubs across multiple countries.

The Rhine River is the world's most heavily used waterway due to its strategic location and extensive network connecting major industrial and commercial centers in Europe. It facilitates the efficient transport of goods, including raw materials and finished products, between countries. The river's navigability, supported by a series of locks and canals, enhances its utility for trade and commerce. Quick Tip: The Rhine's importance as a waterway is amplified by its role in international trade and its integration with other transport networks in Europe.

The Rhine waterway begins in the upstream in **Switzerland**. The river originates in the Swiss Alps, specifically in the canton of Graubünden. Quick Tip: Understanding the origin of major rivers helps in grasping their geographical and economic significance.

The major sea port where the Rhine River falls into the North Sea is **Rotterdam**, located in the Netherlands. Rotterdam is one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. Quick Tip: Major ports at river mouths are crucial for international trade and commerce, serving as gateways for goods transported via rivers.

The Rhine River is significant as a water highway of commerce due to its extensive network that connects major industrial and commercial centers in Europe. It facilitates the efficient transport of goods, including raw materials and finished products, between countries. The river's navigability, supported by a series of locks and canals, enhances its utility for trade and commerce. Additionally, the Rhine's integration with other transport networks, such as railways and roads, makes it a vital component of Europe's logistics and supply chain infrastructure. Quick Tip: The Rhine's role in commerce is amplified by its strategic location and the economic activities it supports along its course.

The National Highways in India are a crucial part of the country's transportation infrastructure. Here are the main features:


Extensive Network: National Highways form a vast network connecting major cities, ports, and industrial centers across the country.
Maintained by Central Government: These highways are maintained and developed by the Central Government through the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).
High Traffic Volume: They handle a significant portion of the country's traffic, including both passenger and freight movement.
Quality Standards: National Highways are built and maintained to high-quality standards, ensuring durability and safety.
Expressways: Some National Highways are upgraded to expressways, which have controlled access and are designed for high-speed travel.
Toll System: Many National Highways have toll plazas to collect fees for maintenance and development.
Connectivity: They provide connectivity to remote and rural areas, promoting economic development and regional integration.
International Connectivity: Some National Highways connect India with neighboring countries, facilitating international trade and travel. Quick Tip: National Highways play a vital role in the economic development of India by facilitating efficient transportation of goods and people.

To address the problems of slums in India, the following measures can be implemented:


Affordable Housing: Develop affordable housing projects to provide safe and adequate living conditions for slum dwellers.
Improving Infrastructure: Upgrade basic infrastructure such as water supply, sanitation, electricity, and roads in slum areas.
Healthcare and Education: Ensure access to quality healthcare and education facilities for slum residents to improve their overall well-being.
Employment Opportunities: Create job opportunities and vocational training programs to enhance the economic stability of slum dwellers.
Legal Rights and Land Tenure: Provide legal rights and secure land tenure to slum residents to protect them from eviction and exploitation.
Community Participation: Involve slum communities in planning and decision-making processes to ensure their needs and preferences are addressed.
Sanitation and Waste Management: Implement effective sanitation and waste management systems to improve living conditions and public health.
Public-Private Partnerships: Encourage collaborations between government, private sector, and NGOs to mobilize resources and expertise for slum redevelopment. Quick Tip: Sustainable slum redevelopment requires a holistic approach that combines infrastructure development, social services, and community engagement.

Large scale manufacturing industries are characterized by several key features:


High Capital Investment: These industries require substantial financial resources for setting up infrastructure, machinery, and technology.
Advanced Technology: They utilize sophisticated machinery and automation to enhance production efficiency and output quality.
Large Workforce: These industries employ a significant number of workers, often requiring specialized skills and training.
Economies of Scale: Large scale production allows for cost advantages due to the spread of fixed costs over a larger output.
Global Supply Chains: They often operate within global networks, sourcing raw materials from various countries and distributing products worldwide.
Regulatory Compliance: These industries must adhere to stringent regulations regarding environmental standards, labor laws, and safety protocols.
Research and Development: Continuous innovation and R\&D are crucial for maintaining competitiveness and adapting to market changes. Quick Tip: Understanding the features of large scale manufacturing helps in appreciating their role in global economies and their impact on employment, technology, and trade.

High Tech industries are distinguished by the following features:


Innovation and R\&D: These industries are heavily reliant on continuous research and development to innovate and improve products.
Skilled Workforce: They employ highly educated and skilled professionals, including engineers, scientists, and IT specialists.
Advanced Technology: Utilization of cutting-edge technology and state-of-the-art equipment is a hallmark of these industries.
High Capital Intensity: Significant investment in technology, infrastructure, and human capital is required.
Global Market Reach: High Tech industries often operate on a global scale, with products and services marketed internationally.
Rapid Product Life Cycles: The fast pace of technological advancement leads to shorter product life cycles and frequent updates.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration: These industries often involve collaboration across various fields such as IT, biotechnology, and engineering. Quick Tip: High Tech industries are pivotal in driving technological progress and economic growth, making them a key focus for national and international economic strategies.

The concept of human development refers to the process of enlarging people's freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. It emphasizes the importance of creating an environment in which people can develop their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. Human development is not just about economic growth but also about enhancing the quality of life through education, health, and living standards.

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Four Approaches to Human Development:


Income Approach: This approach focuses on increasing the income levels of individuals as a means to improve their standard of living. Higher income is seen as a way to provide better access to goods and services, thereby enhancing well-being.

Welfare Approach: This approach emphasizes the role of the state in providing social services such as healthcare, education, and social security. It aims to ensure that all individuals have access to basic amenities and services necessary for a decent standard of living.

Basic Needs Approach: This approach concentrates on meeting the basic needs of individuals, such as food, shelter, clothing, and access to clean water and sanitation. It aims to address the fundamental requirements for survival and well-being.

Capability Approach: Developed by Amartya Sen, this approach focuses on the capabilities and freedoms that individuals have to lead the kind of lives they value. It emphasizes the importance of enabling people to achieve their potential through education, health, and other opportunities. Quick Tip: Human development is a multidimensional concept that goes beyond economic growth to include social, cultural, and political dimensions of well-being.

The service sector has become a dominant component of the global economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. Its growth is driven by technological advancements, globalization, and increasing demand for services such as finance, healthcare, education, and IT.


Economic Contribution: The service sector accounts for a large share of GDP in both developed and developing countries.
Employment: It provides employment to a substantial portion of the workforce, including high-skilled and low-skilled jobs.
Innovation: The sector fosters innovation, particularly in technology and communication, driving economic growth.
Global Trade: Services such as tourism, finance, and IT are key components of international trade.


The service sector's growth reflects the shift from industrial to knowledge-based economies, highlighting its significance in global economic development. Quick Tip: The service sector's expansion is a hallmark of modern economies, emphasizing the importance of knowledge, technology, and innovation in economic growth.

Transport and communication services are vital for the functioning of the global economy, facilitating the movement of goods, people, and information.


Economic Integration: Efficient transport networks enable global trade, connecting producers and consumers across regions.
Communication: Advances in communication technology have revolutionized business operations, enabling real-time collaboration and information exchange.
Infrastructure Development: Investment in transport and communication infrastructure stimulates economic growth and regional development.
Globalization: These services are crucial for globalization, supporting international trade, tourism, and cultural exchange.


The growth of transport and communication services underscores their role in enhancing connectivity and economic integration worldwide. Quick Tip: Transport and communication services are the backbone of globalization, enabling seamless interaction and exchange across the globe.

The growth of population in India since 1921 can be analysed in the following phases:


Stagnant Phase (1921-1951): During this period, the population growth was relatively slow due to high birth and death rates. The impact of famines, epidemics, and lack of medical facilities kept the population growth in check.
Steady Growth Phase (1951-1981): Post-independence, improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply led to a decline in death rates, while birth rates remained high. This resulted in a steady increase in population.
Rapid Growth Phase (1981-2001): The population growth rate peaked during this period due to a significant decline in mortality rates and a slower decline in birth rates. The total population increased substantially.
Declining Growth Phase (2001-Present): In recent years, the population growth rate has started to decline due to increased awareness, family planning programs, and socio-economic development. However, the absolute number of people continues to rise due to the large base population. Quick Tip: Understanding the demographic transition in India helps in formulating effective population policies and programs.

The adolescent population in India faces several challenges, including:


Education: Many adolescents lack access to quality education, leading to high dropout rates and limited opportunities for higher education and employment.
Health: Adolescents face health issues such as malnutrition, mental health problems, and lack of access to reproductive health services.
Employment: There is a lack of job opportunities and vocational training for adolescents, leading to unemployment and underemployment.
Social Issues: Adolescents are vulnerable to social issues such as child marriage, gender discrimination, and substance abuse.
Technology and Media: The influence of technology and media can have both positive and negative impacts on adolescents, including exposure to inappropriate content and cyberbullying. Quick Tip: Addressing the challenges faced by adolescents requires a multi-sectoral approach involving education, health, and social welfare programs.

Non-conventional sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and biomass, are indeed more equitably distributed and environmentally friendly compared to conventional sources like coal and oil. The future prospects of India in meeting its clean energy demand are promising due to the following factors:


Abundant Resources: India has vast potential for solar and wind energy, with significant sunlight and wind availability throughout the year.
Government Initiatives: The Indian government has launched several initiatives, such as the National Solar Mission and the Wind Energy Mission, to promote renewable energy.
Technological Advancements: Advances in technology have made renewable energy more efficient and cost-effective, making it a viable alternative to conventional energy sources.
Environmental Benefits: Non-conventional energy sources produce minimal greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation.
Energy Security: Diversifying the energy mix with renewable sources enhances energy security by reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. Quick Tip: Investing in renewable energy infrastructure and research is crucial for India to achieve its clean energy goals and ensure sustainable development.

Nuclear energy has indeed emerged as a viable source of energy in India due to the following reasons:


Energy Demand: With the growing energy demand, nuclear energy provides a reliable and continuous power supply, unlike intermittent renewable sources.
Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Nuclear energy produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions, making it an environmentally friendly option compared to fossil fuels.
Energy Security: Nuclear energy reduces dependence on imported fossil fuels, enhancing energy security.
Technological Advancements: Advances in nuclear technology have improved the safety and efficiency of nuclear power plants.
Government Support: The Indian government has been supportive of nuclear energy, with initiatives to expand nuclear power capacity and develop indigenous nuclear technology. Quick Tip: While nuclear energy offers several benefits, it is essential to address concerns related to safety, waste disposal, and public acceptance to ensure its sustainable development.

Here are the identifications for five of the marked geographical features:


A. Major sea port in Germany: Hamburg
B. Terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway: Vladivostok
C. An international airport: John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York)
E. An important waterway: Panama Canal
G. An area of extensive commercial grain farming: Great Plains (USA)


These identifications are based on the typical examples of the geographical features mentioned. Quick Tip: When identifying geographical features on a map, consider well-known examples that are commonly referenced in geographical studies.

Here are the answers to any five of the questions:


29.1 Name the major seaport in Germany: Hamburg
29.2 Name the easternmost terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway: Vladivostok
29.3 Mention an international airport in South Africa: O.R. Tambo International Airport (Johannesburg)
29.5 Name an important waterway of Egypt: Suez Canal
29.7 Mention an area of extensive commercial grain farming of Australia: Wheatbelt (Western Australia)


These answers provide the required information for the visually impaired candidates. Quick Tip: When answering specific geographical questions, ensure the responses are precise and well-known examples to facilitate easy understanding and verification.

Here are the identifications for five of the geographical features:


30.1 Important iron ore mines in Odisha: Keonjhar
30.2 An important seaport in Kerala: Kochi
30.3 A copper mine in Rajasthan: Khetri
30.4 An Oil Refinery in Bihar: Barauni Refinery
30.5 An international airport in Punjab: Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport (Amritsar)
30.6 A state with highest density of population: Bihar
30.7 A state leading in the production of jute: West Bengal


These identifications are based on the typical examples of the geographical features mentioned. Quick Tip: When locating and labeling geographical features on a map, use well-known and significant examples to ensure clarity and accuracy.

Here are the answers to any five of the questions:


30.1 Name an important iron ore mining area in Odisha: Keonjhar
30.2 Name the main sea port of Kerala: Kochi
30.3 Mention the name of a copper mining area of Rajasthan: Khetri
30.5 Mention the name of a place where an international airport is located in Punjab: Amritsar
30.7 Which is the leading state in the production of jute? West Bengal


These answers provide the required information for the visually impaired candidates. Quick Tip: When answering specific geographical questions, ensure the responses are precise and well-known examples to facilitate easy understanding and verification.