Nervous System Diseases: Symptoms, Damages, Guillain-Barre Syndrome

The human nervous system forms a complex network that comprises the brain, nerves and the spinal cord, and control both voluntary and involuntary actions of the human body. The human nervous system is divided into, central nervous system which mainly consists of the brain and the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system that includes spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

Diseases that affect the nervous system is not rare. These affect millions of people all over the world every year. Most of these diseases are really severe and affect the normal functioning of the body and the brain. Let’s discuss nervous system diseases in detail with some important questions.

Keyterms: Nervous System, Spinal Cord, Spinal nerves, Cranial nerves, Endocrine system, Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Ganglia

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What is the Nervous System?

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The Nervous System is the body’s primary governing, regulating, and communication system. It is the hub of all mental activity, searching for thinking, learning, and remembering. The nervous system, to get the endocrine system, is in charge of regulating and maintaining homeostatic. The Nervous System uses receptors to keep us in contact with our surroundings, both external and internal.

The Nervous System, like other bodily systems, is made up of Organs, primarily the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia. These, in turn, are made up of different tissues such as nerves, blood, and connective tissues. These work together to carry out the nervous system’s complicated functions.

Nervous System

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Function of Nervous System?

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Nearly every element of our health and wellbeing is influenced by the neurological system. It directs Simple actions like waking up, instructive behavior like breathing, and sophisticated ones like thinking, reading, remembering, and feeling emotions.

The Nervous system is in charge of:

•  growth and development of the brain
• Observation such as touch or hearing
•  Recuperation And healing 
•  the mental process of interpreting sensory information
•  emotions and thoughts
•  memory and learning
•  hunger, has, and digestion 
•  Foetus, puberty, reproductive health 
•  Balance, coordination, and movement
•  Sleep
• Stress and the body’s reaction to it
•  Aging
•  Heartbeat and breathing
•  The temperature of the body

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Nervous System Diseases

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To begin with, Neutrons are extremely delicate and fragile. signals from and to the brain can be permanently or partially destroyed If neurons are injured. There will be numbness or lack of feeling in that location because The muscles in the area will not Work normally. nerve injuries have a significant influence on the brain, final cord, and peripheral nerves. In addition to traumas, diseases such as polio, Meningitis, encephalitis can cause neurological problems. Nerves in the peripheral nervous system can recover and restore function after being injured. Paralysis develops in different degrees of severity when the axons in the backbone are damaged and the spinal cord is harmed.

Nervous System Diseases

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Types of Nervous System Diseases

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The diseases related to the nervous system are listed below-

Catalepsy

Catalepsy is a symptom that results from nervous system disorder and produces muscle stiffness. People who experience a symptom may be less sensitive to touch and have a lower pain tolerance. People with catalepsy are usually non-responsive to speech. Catatonia, a disorder Defined by word motions, absence of movement, and overall non-responsiveness, is comparable to this. It, on the other hand, usually has a Physiological origin and does not result in stereotyped motions. 

Catalepsy

Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that begins slowly and worsens at which time. It is responsible for 60 to 70% of dementia cases. The trouble recalling recent events is the most typical early sign. language difficulties, disorientation which includes getting lost easily, changes, loss of Desire, Self-neglect, and behavioral disorder possible signs are the condition progresses. when a person's health deteriorates, they frequently Retreat from family and Society.

Alzheimer’s

Epilepsy/Seizures

Epilepsy is a chronic condition that produces repeated, spontaneous seizures. A seizure Is a burst of electrical activity in the brain that occurs suddenly. Seizures can be divided into two categories. In seizures, the whole brain is known as generalized seizures. Focal seizures, also known as, partial seizures, impact just one area of the brain. it might be difficult to spot a minor seizure. it can last for you second hand the patient would be aware of it. More severe seizures can produce muscular spasms and uncontrolled twitches, and they can last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. Some people get differentiated or lose consciousness after stronger seizures. 

Epilepsy/Seizures

Meningitis

The inflammation of the meninges is known as The meninges Get infected, Meningitis can develop. viral and bacterial infections are the most prevalent causes of meningitis. Cancer, chemical irritation, fungus, and medication allergies are all possible reasons. Meningitis caused by viruses and bacteria can be infectious. Coughing, sneezing, or close touch can all cause them.

Tourette

 Tourette syndrome (TS) is a nervous system disorder. People with Tourette syndrome develop “tics”. Tics are uncontrollable twitches, motions, or noises that people repeat again and again. People with tics can stop their bodies from doing these actions. Having tics is similar to having a hiccup. Even if you don't want to hiccup, Your body insists on doing so. People can sometimes stop themselves from doing a specific tic For a short period, But it’s difficult. the person will eventually have to do thetic.

Tourette

Migraine

A migraine attack is a specific form of headache. An episode generally happens in stages and might last a few days. Severe instances can hurt a person’s day-to-day life, surmount the capacity to work or study. Migraine We have a variety of effects on people. Triggers, severity, symptoms, and frequency are all variables. Some people have Many episodes every week, while others only have them once in a while. 

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

ADHD Is one of the most prevalent pediatric neurodevelopmental diseases. It is most commonly diagnosed in childhood and lasts far into adulthood. It is common for youngsters to have difficulty e focusing and behaving at some point in their lives. children with ADHD, on the other hand, do not just grow out of these behaviors. The symptoms persist and can be severe, causing problems at school, at home, and with friends.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Huntington’s

Huntington’s Disease is a rare, hereditary Illness that causes Nerve cells in the brain to break down over time. Huntington’s disease affects a person’s functional skills in a variety of ways, Generali resulting in mobility, community, and mental problems. Symptoms of Huntington’s disease can emerge at any age, although they are most common in persons in their 30s and 40s. Huntington’s disease is known as juvenile Huntington’s disease if it. 

Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) Is a medical disorder caused by the human T- lymphotropic virus, which causes weakness, muscular spasms, And sensory Destruction, leading to paraparesis and leg weakness. It is particularly widespread in tropical locations, especially the Caribbean, as the name implies. As a precaution, blood transfusion products are tested For antibiotics to the human T- lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1).

Locked-in Syndrome

When a person is quadriplegic and unable to speak or move their face, they are said to be locked in. The individual who is affected is unable to talk but is aware of their surroundings; the patient can hear and see, and has normal intelligence and thinking abilities, but can only communicate by eye motions.

Locked-in Syndrome

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a brain and spinal cord illness that can be debilitating. The immune system assaults the protective coating That surrounds nerve fibers in multiple sclerosis, causing communication difficulties between the brain and the rest of the body. illness might eventually cause irreversible nerve injury or degeneration.

Arachnoid Cysts

The most frequent form of brain cyst is an arachnoid cyst. They are frequently congenital, meaning they are present from birth. Arachnoid cysts can develop as a result of a head injury or trauma. Cysts, Not tumors, one of the three layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord, is the most likely cause.

Arachnoid Cysts

Parkinson’s

Parkinson’s disease is a neurological condition that causes tremors, stiffness, and difficulties walking, balancing, and coordination. The symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease generally appear gradually and worsen with time. people may find it difficult to move and speak as the condition advances. they may also have mental and behavioral changes, as well as sleep issues, depression, memory issues, and exhaustion.

Addiction

Addiction is defined as the inability to quit taking a drug or engaging in an activity even though it is harmful to one's mental and physical health. Addiction is a long-term illness that can develop as a result of pharmaceutical use.

Read More: Medulla Oblongata

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Conditions Affecting the Nervous System?

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Nerves might be affected by a variety of diseases and ailments. When a nerve Is damaged, it has difficulties transmitting messages. it can sometimes be so badly damaged that it is unable to send or receive any messages at all. nerve damage can result in numbness, pins and needles sensations, or discomfort. you may find it difficult or impossible to move the affected region. nerve injury can occur in a variety of ways. The following are some of the most prevalent causes of nerve damage:

• Disease

Nervous system issues can be caused by an idea of injections, malignancies, and autoimmune illness diabetes, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Diabetic neuropathy, which causes tingling and discomfort in the legs and feet, is a common complication of diabetes. Multiple sclerosis Is a disease that affects no Mylene that's around neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

• Stroke

When a blood artery in the brain becomes clogged or breaks, it causes a stroke. part of the brain dies due to a lack of blood. it won't be able to communicate through nerves then. nerve damage can be rather minor or severe In the event of a stroke.

• Accidental injury

In an accident, nerves might be crushed, stretched, or severed. Car accidents and falls are frequent traumas that can cause nerve damage throughout the body.

• Pressure

We know how it is pinched or squeezed, It does not receive enough blood to function properly. no can be pinched for a variety of causes including overuse, tumors, And structural issues such as sciatica.

• Toxic substances

Peripheral neuropathy or nerve damage can be caused by chemotherapy treatments, which illicit Narcotics, excessive drinking, and toxic chemicals. Because their kidneys have a hard time filtering out toxins, people with renal illness are more Prone to suffer nerve damage.

• Aging process

Your neurons' impulses may not move as weekly as they formerly did as you become older. your reflexes may slow down and you may feel weaker. Some patients lose feeling in their fingers, toes, and other body parts.

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How common are these Conditions?

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Nerve injury can be caused by a variety of factors, some of which are more common than others. They are as follows:

• Diabetes

Diabetic neuropathy is a kind of no injury caused by an endocrine system disease. Diabetes affects around 30 million Americans, With over half of them suffering from nerve damage. the arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, and those are frequently affected by diabetic neuropathy.

• Lupus

About 1.5 million people in the United States have lupus, and 15% of them suffered nerve damage. 

• Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis Patients may experience neuropathy. In the United states Rheumatoid arthritis affects more than 1.3 million individuals. One of the most frequent types of arthritis is Rheumatoid arthritis.

• Stroke

Every year, around 800,000 Americans suffer from a stroke. strokes are more common in adults over the age of 65.

Read More: Difference between cerebellum and cerebrum

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Symptoms of Nervous System Disorders

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The following are the most common general signs and symptoms of a nervous system disorder. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms of the nervous systems are as follows :

• Persistent or sudden onset of a headache
• Loss of feeling or tingling
• Weakness or loss of muscle strength
• Loss of sight or double vision
• Memory loss
• Muscle rigidity
• Muscle wasting and slurred speech
• Impaired mental ability
• Lack of coordination
• A headache that changes or is different
• Tremors and seizures
• Back pain to the feet, toes, or other parts of the body
• New language impairment (expression or comprehension)

The signs and symptoms of a nervous system illness might be mistaken for those of other medical disorders or issues. Always seek medical advice from a qualified professional.

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Treatment of Nervous System Disorders 

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The best method to deal with nervous system issues is to enlist the aid of a medical team. at any one time, Cumae does not require the service of the entire team. However, knowing who they are and how they may assist is beneficial. the following it’s a list of health care professionals who may be engaged in the treatment of nervous system disorders

• Neurologist

Neurologists are doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating nervous system diseases. Endovascular methods are used by certain neurologists to greet acute strokes and aneurysms.

• Neurosurgeon

Neurological surgeons, also known as neurosurgeons, are surgeons who work as part of a treatment team for nerve system diseases.

• New radiologist and interventional radiologist

A radiologist who specializes in utilizing imaging to diagnose and create nervous system disorders such as cerebral and aneurysms, Acute strokes, and spinal fractures. Biopsies of certain cancers Are also performed by this supplier.

• Physiatrist

physiatrist our health care professionals who work with patients what through rehabilitation

• Psychologist

Nervous system illness is associated with emotional issues such as anxiety, sadness, mood changes, and irritability. Your psychologist can assist you. Psychologists may conduct tests to determine how much your illness it’s impacting your thoughts and feelings. Psychologists can also help you deal with the emotional impact of nervous system talk therapy.

• Physical therapist

This is a mobility specialist who can assist you in moving and walking comfortably. You can also work on sore or Steve muscles and joints in physical therapy.

• Occupational therapist

This service provider assists you in learning how to manage your day-to-day tasks. Your occupational therapist can assist you in adjusting to any changes in your physical ability.

• Speech Pathologist

This expert in communication, especially cognitive communication, is available for consultation. They can help diagnose and treat issues with swallowing.

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Things to Remember

• The Nervous System is the body’s primary governing, regulating, and communication system. It is the hub of all mental activity, searching for thinking, learning, and remembering.
• The Nervous System is divided into three sections: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of all other neural elements, including the peripheral nerves and the autonomic nerves.
• The diseases related to the nervous system are daily:- Catalepsy, Alzheimer’s, Epilepsy/Seizures, Tourette, Migraine, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Huntington’s, Tropical spastic paraparesis, Locked-in syndrome, Multiple sclerosis, Arachnoid cysts, Parkinson’s, and Addiction
• Health care professionals who may be engaged in the treatment of nervous system disorders are neurologists, Neurosurgeons, New radiologists, interventional radiologists, Physiatrist, Psychologists, Physical therapists, Occupational therapists, and Speech Pathologist.
• Easy ways to keep your nervous system healthy includes Take the time to relax, consume proper nutrition, Stress Reduction, and Workout

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Previous Year Questions

1. Function of iris is to...[NEET 1993]
2. Good vision depends on adequate intake of carotene rich food : Select the best option from the following statements...[NEET 2017]
3. Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt...[NEET 2014]
4. Iris is part of...[NEET 1993]
5. Myelin sheath is produced by….[NEET 2017]
6. Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on :…..[NEET 2017]
7. A diagram showing axon terminal and synapse is given. Identify correctly at least two of A-D...[NEET 2013]
8. Injury to vagus nerve in human is not likely to affect...[NEET 2004]
9. A gymnast is able to balance his body upside down even in the total darkness because of..[NEET 2015]
10. Bowman's glands are located in the...[NEET 2007]