CUET UG Business Studies 2025 Question Paper (Available): Download Question Paper with Answer Key And Solutions PDF

Step 1: Understanding the terms.

- **Rule**: A rule is a directive or regulation that states a specific action or behavior must be followed. It defines what is to be done or not done.
- **Policy**: A policy refers to a set of guiding principles or frameworks, which help in decision-making but does not always specify actions as precisely as a rule.
- **Strategy**: A strategy is a plan or method designed to achieve specific objectives but is more general in nature compared to a rule.
- **Procedure**: A procedure describes a sequence of actions to be taken to accomplish a task, but it may not specify the decision to take or not take an action.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Rule** fits the description of a specific and definite action to be taken or not taken.
- **Policy**, **Strategy**, and **Procedure** do not define the specific actions in the same manner as a rule.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Rule.} \] Quick Tip: A rule is a precise statement regarding specific actions, unlike policies and strategies that provide broader frameworks or guidelines.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks for the term that refers to all external factors influencing a business firm but are beyond its control.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Business Management** refers to the internal activities, processes, and systems used by a business to manage its operations.
- **Business Environment** includes all external factors like economic, social, legal, and technological forces that affect a business's performance, but are outside its control.
- **Business Decision Making** is the process of making choices within the business, focusing on internal strategies and operations.
- **Entrepreneurship Development** refers to the creation and development of new businesses, particularly by entrepreneurs.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct term for external factors influencing a business is **Business Environment**.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Business Environment.} \] Quick Tip: Business environment is a key concept in business studies, encompassing the external forces that can impact a company's operations, including legal regulations, market conditions, and technological changes.

Step 1: Understanding the importance of consumer protection.

From a business perspective, consumer protection is essential not only for the well-being of customers but also for the long-term interests of the business. Let's analyze each option:

Step 2: Analyzing each option.

- **(A) Social responsibility**: Businesses have a social responsibility to protect consumers by offering quality products, ensuring safety, and maintaining ethical standards.
- **(B) Government intervention**: Government intervention is necessary to regulate businesses, ensuring that they do not exploit consumers and are held accountable for their actions.
- **(C) Business uses its own resources**: This does not directly relate to consumer protection as the business may use its resources for other purposes, such as production, marketing, and R&D.
- **(D) Long-term interest of business**: Protecting consumers ensures business sustainability, loyalty, and reputation, all of which are critical for long-term success.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct options for the importance of consumer protection from a business point of view are:
- **Social responsibility**
- **Government intervention**
- **Long-term interest of business**

Thus, the correct answer is option 2: **(A), (B), and (D)** only.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)(A), (B) and (D) only.} \] Quick Tip: Consumer protection is crucial for long-term business success, ensuring customer trust, ethical practices, and alignment with regulations.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question addresses how a manager can manage more work than they can handle by offloading some of the tasks.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Delegation of Authority**: Delegation allows a manager to pass on specific tasks and responsibilities to subordinates, freeing up their capacity.
- **Span of management**: Refers to the number of subordinates a manager supervises, not a tool for offloading work directly.
- **Direct communication**: Helps in conveying instructions but does not directly offload work.
- **Close supervision**: Involves more monitoring, which increases the manager's workload, rather than reducing it.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct option is **Delegation of Authority** because it directly allows a manager to transfer tasks to subordinates, thus reducing their workload.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Delegation of Authority.} \] Quick Tip: Delegation is an essential management skill that helps in distributing the workload efficiently and empowers employees with more responsibility.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question is asking for the management function that is continuous because of the creation of new jobs and the departure of employees.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Planning**: Involves setting goals and strategies, but is not necessarily continuous in the context described.
- **Organising**: Involves arranging resources and tasks but is not a continuous process like staffing.
- **Staffing**: This refers to the process of hiring, training, and maintaining a workforce. It is a continuous process as businesses need to replace employees and adjust to new needs.
- **Controlling**: Involves monitoring and adjusting, but it is not continuous in the same way staffing is.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Staffing**, as it is an ongoing process in organizations due to employee turnover and changing business needs.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)Staffing.} \] Quick Tip: Staffing is essential for maintaining the right talent within an organization and adapting to changes in the workforce.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks about the economic dimension of the business environment. The economic dimension typically includes factors that directly impact the economy and business operations.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Modes of transportation communication facilities**: This option relates directly to the economic dimension, as infrastructure (such as transportation) is an essential part of economic development.
- **Life expectancy and expectations from the workforce**: This relates to the social dimension rather than the economic dimension.
- **Legislations passed by the government**: These are more related to the political and legal dimensions.
- **Technological developments**: While important, they are related to the technological dimension, not directly to the economic dimension.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Modes of transportation communication facilities**, as it directly impacts the economy and business operations.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Modes of transportation communication facilities.} \] Quick Tip: Economic factors such as infrastructure and transportation are vital for business success, affecting costs and efficiency.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question focuses on the role of controlling in improving a future process with insights from past experiences.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Controlling**: While controlling involves monitoring performance, it doesn’t directly improve future processes.
- **Coordinating**: Coordination is essential for managing activities but doesn't directly improve future processes based on past performance.
- **Communication**: Communication is vital but not directly linked to improving future outcomes from past experience.
- **Planning**: Planning is the function that benefits the most from controlling, as it incorporates past data and information to improve future strategies and actions.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Planning**, as controlling provides the necessary feedback to refine future plans.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (D)Planning.} \] Quick Tip: Controlling provides valuable insights and feedback that inform better decision-making in the planning process for the future.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

Manju is searching for the FPO (Food Processing Organization) mark, which is a certification for food products.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Pickle jar**: This is a food product, and it would carry the FPO mark to show that it meets food safety standards.
- **Shirt**: A shirt would not carry an FPO mark, as it is a non-food item.
- **Bulb**: A bulb is a non-food product and would not have an FPO mark.
- **Gold necklace**: This is jewelry, not a food product, so it would not carry the FPO mark.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The product Manju is looking at is most likely a **Pickle jar**, as it would be certified with the FPO mark.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Pickle jar.} \] Quick Tip: The FPO mark is used to indicate that food products have been processed and meet the necessary safety standards.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks for the function that ties back the management cycle to the planning function.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Organising**: This function involves structuring resources and tasks but does not directly link back to planning.
- **Coordinating**: This involves managing the various activities and ensuring they work in harmony, but does not necessarily link back to the planning phase.
- **Controlling**: Controlling ensures that activities are on track, and when discrepancies are found, it provides feedback that informs future planning. This creates a loop back to planning.
- **Directing**: This function involves leading and guiding, but does not directly bring the cycle back to planning.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Controlling**, as it connects the outcomes of the management cycle to future planning.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)Controlling.} \] Quick Tip: Controlling helps in monitoring progress and guiding the decision-making process, which feeds back into planning for improvements.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks about an indirect payment, which is a form of compensation that is not directly paid to the employee but benefits them.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Bonus**: A bonus is a direct form of payment, as it is paid in cash or cash-equivalents.
- **Daily Incentive**: This is also a direct form of payment provided based on daily performance.
- **Commission**: This is a direct form of compensation, typically linked to sales or performance.
- **Employer paid Insurance**: This is an indirect payment, as it is a benefit provided to employees but not in the form of direct pay.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Employer paid Insurance**, as it is an indirect form of payment or compensation.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (D)Employer paid Insurance.} \] Quick Tip: Indirect payments are non-cash benefits that contribute to the overall compensation package but are not directly received as income.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question focuses on the aspect of management that deals with doing the right tasks and achieving goals.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Effectiveness**: Effectiveness is about achieving the right goals and completing tasks that contribute to the objectives.
- **Efficiency**: Efficiency focuses on doing tasks in the best possible way, but it doesn’t always relate to the right tasks being done.
- **Sustainability**: This involves maintaining long-term success but is not specifically about completing tasks and achieving goals.
- **Quality**: While important, quality focuses more on the standard of output, not necessarily on achieving goals.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Effectiveness**, as it relates directly to completing the right tasks and achieving goals.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Effectiveness.} \] Quick Tip: Effectiveness is about doing the right things and achieving the intended results, which is crucial for management success.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question discusses how management adapts to changing trends in the environment, such as the decision of AMPM to enter the smartwatch market.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Management is all pervasive**: Management is present in all organizations, but this does not specifically refer to adapting to change.
- **Management is a continuous function**: While management is continuous, this does not explain the ability to adapt to change.
- **Management is a dynamic function**: This option is correct because management is dynamic, meaning it evolves and adapts to changes in the business environment.
- **Management is an intangible force**: This is a broader concept but does not specifically address adaptation to trends.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Management is a dynamic function**, as it reflects the ability to adapt to changes in the market and environment.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)Management is a dynamic function.} \] Quick Tip: A dynamic management approach is crucial for staying relevant and competitive in changing markets.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks about the originator of the concept of standardisation in business activities.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Koontz**: Koontz contributed significantly to management theory, but not specifically to the concept of standardisation.
- **Maslow**: Maslow is famous for the hierarchy of needs theory, which is unrelated to standardisation.
- **F.W. Taylor**: F.W. Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, emphasized standardisation in work methods to improve efficiency.
- **Henry Fayol**: Fayol contributed to management theory but did not specifically define standardisation in the context given.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **F.W. Taylor**, as he introduced the concept of standardisation in management to improve efficiency and effectiveness.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)F.W. Taylor.} \] Quick Tip: F.W. Taylor's scientific management principles emphasized standardisation of work processes to improve efficiency.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks for a philosophy that advocates distributing authority because it assumes that people are competent.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Span of management**: This refers to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise, not directly related to the dispersal of authority.
- **Decentralisation**: Decentralisation is the process of delegating decision-making authority to lower levels in the organisation, promoting the belief in people's competence and resourcefulness.
- **Centralisation**: Centralisation concentrates decision-making power at the top of the organisation, which contradicts the idea of selective dispersal of authority.
- **Democratic leadership style**: While democratic leadership involves participation, it doesn't specifically focus on authority dispersion in the same way decentralisation does.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Decentralisation**, as it involves the selective dispersal of authority, believing in the capability of individuals at various levels.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Decentralisation.} \] Quick Tip: Decentralisation enhances empowerment and decision-making at lower levels, fostering a sense of responsibility and trust.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question refers to a type of training that takes place in a simulated real-world environment.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Vestibule training**: This is a type of training that takes place in a simulated work environment, similar to the real work setting.
- **Programmed instruction**: This is a self-paced training method, typically through a manual or computer-based system, not necessarily in a real work environment.
- **Internship training**: Internships are work placements, but they are not necessarily structured training programs with a specific focus on a simulated work environment.
- **Case Study**: This method involves detailed examination of specific situations and problems, rather than training in a real-world setting.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Vestibule training**, as it involves creating a work-like environment for training.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Vestibule training.} \] Quick Tip: Vestibule training is an effective method where trainees learn in an environment that closely resembles their future work setting, enhancing practical skills.

Step 1: Understanding staffing.

Staffing refers to the process of hiring, training, and placing the right people in the right jobs within the organisation.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Training**: Training is a key aspect of staffing, as it involves preparing employees for their roles.
- **Authority**: Authority is related to the delegation of decision-making power and is not directly part of the staffing process.
- **Recruitment**: Recruitment is an essential part of staffing, as it involves attracting candidates to fill positions.
- **Selection**: Selection is another key aspect of staffing, as it involves choosing the right candidates from the pool of applicants.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Authority**, as it is not directly related to the staffing process but more to the management structure.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Authority.} \] Quick Tip: Staffing involves attracting, selecting, training, and placing individuals in the right positions, but authority is not directly part of this process.

Step 1: Understanding directing.

Directing is a management function that involves guiding and motivating employees to perform their tasks effectively and efficiently.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Coordination**: Coordination is the act of ensuring that various departments and individuals work together harmoniously, but it is not a direct part of directing, as it deals with organisational processes.
- **Motivation**: Motivation is an essential element of directing, as it involves inspiring employees to perform their best.
- **Communication**: Communication is a key part of directing, as it ensures that instructions and feedback flow effectively within the organisation.
- **Supervision**: Supervision is a direct element of directing, as it involves overseeing employee performance and providing guidance.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Coordination**, as it is a broader function that supports other management functions but is not directly an element of directing.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Coordination.} \] Quick Tip: Directing includes motivating, communicating, and supervising employees to achieve organisational goals. Coordination, while essential, is not a direct element of directing.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

Paras' negative attitude arises from dissatisfaction with his performance appraisal. The question asks for a solution to change his attitude.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Transfer**: A transfer may relocate Paras to a different position or department, but it may not directly address the underlying attitude issue.
- **Leave**: Taking leave could provide a break, but it does not resolve the root cause of the negative attitude.
- **Motivation**: Motivation is the most suitable solution, as it involves improving Paras' mindset and encouraging better performance.
- **Coordination**: Coordination improves teamwork but does not directly address an individual's attitude problem.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Motivation**, as it can help Paras overcome his negative attitude and improve his performance.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)Motivation.} \] Quick Tip: Motivation is key in addressing negative attitudes in the workplace, as it helps individuals find purpose and satisfaction in their tasks.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks about the function that ensures the accuracy of standards, which refers to measuring performance against set criteria.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Directing**: Directing involves motivating and guiding employees, but does not involve judging the accuracy of standards.
- **Organising**: Organising involves arranging resources and tasks but does not directly judge standards.
- **Planning**: Planning sets the standards but does not directly evaluate them.
- **Controlling**: Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to standards, and taking corrective actions when necessary, thus ensuring the accuracy of standards.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Controlling**, as it involves evaluating the performance against established standards.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (D)Controlling.} \] Quick Tip: Controlling is the management function that ensures performance aligns with established standards and corrects any deviations.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks which individual cannot file a complaint under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **An ignorant consumer**: An ignorant consumer may not have the legal standing to file a complaint as ignorance does not absolve them from being a responsible consumer under the Act.
- **A person who obtains the goods without any consideration**: Such a person cannot be considered a consumer under the Act.
- **Legal heir of a deceased consumer**: The legal heir can file a complaint on behalf of the deceased consumer.
- **Central government**: The government can file complaints on behalf of consumers to ensure protection.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **An ignorant consumer**, as ignorance is not a valid reason to prevent or justify a complaint.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)An ignorant consumer.} \] Quick Tip: Consumers must be aware of their rights under the Consumer Protection Act to be able to file valid complaints.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks which characteristic cannot be attributed to an entrepreneur.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Desire to Succeed**: Entrepreneurs are motivated by a strong desire to succeed.
- **Risk averse**: Entrepreneurs are typically willing to take calculated risks to achieve success, so being risk-averse is contrary to entrepreneurial characteristics.
- **Innovative**: Innovation is a key trait of entrepreneurs, as they often create new products, services, or solutions.
- **Leader**: Entrepreneurs are often leaders, driving teams and businesses towards success.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Risk averse**, as entrepreneurs are generally not risk-averse, but rather risk-takers.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Risk averse.} \] Quick Tip: Entrepreneurs are typically characterized by their willingness to take risks, which distinguishes them from risk-averse individuals.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks which factor is NOT responsible for the emergence of entrepreneurship.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Education**: Education equips individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary for entrepreneurship.
- **Family Background**: A strong family background can provide resources, guidance, and mentorship for entrepreneurs.
- **Government Support**: Government support through policies, subsidies, and loans plays a significant role in fostering entrepreneurship.
- **Future Certainty**: Entrepreneurs thrive in uncertain environments where they can identify opportunities, not in environments with future certainty.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Future Certainty**, as entrepreneurship is often driven by uncertainty and the potential for innovation in uncertain conditions.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (D)Future Certainty.} \] Quick Tip: Entrepreneurs typically excel in uncertain environments where they can leverage opportunities for innovation, not in predictable or certain futures.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks about the function that involves setting objectives and planning how to achieve them.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Planning**: Planning is the management function that involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them.
- **Organising**: Organising involves arranging resources and tasks but does not directly involve setting objectives.
- **Coordination**: Coordination is about ensuring that different parts of the organisation work together efficiently, not about setting objectives.
- **Controlling**: Controlling involves monitoring progress and taking corrective actions, but it is not about setting objectives.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Planning**, as it directly involves setting objectives and creating strategies to achieve them.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Planning.} \] Quick Tip: Planning is the foundation of management and involves setting clear objectives and the roadmap to achieve them.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question refers to the function that ensures different parts of the organisation work together efficiently.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Planning**: Planning involves setting objectives but does not specifically address the coordination of efforts between units.
- **Organising**: Organising refers to arranging resources and tasks but does not directly address the synchronization of efforts.
- **Controlling**: Controlling involves monitoring and correcting performance but does not synchronize efforts across units.
- **Coordination**: Coordination ensures that different units work together with the right timing, effort, and resources to achieve objectives effectively.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Coordination**, as it is directly related to synchronising efforts across the organisation.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (D)Coordination.} \] Quick Tip: Coordination is essential for ensuring that all departments and units of an organisation work together efficiently towards common goals.

Step 1: Understanding the question.

The question asks about the factors that influence managerial behaviour and practices.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **Organisational Objectives**: These are important for guiding the organisation but do not directly influence managerial behaviour and practices.
- **Principles of Management**: The principles of management provide guidelines and frameworks that influence managerial behaviour and practices.
- **Leadership Traits**: Leadership traits influence leadership styles but are not as broad as the principles of management in affecting all managerial practices.
- **Dimensions of business environment**: These influence the overall environment but not directly managerial behaviour or practices.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Principles of Management**, as they directly provide insights into managerial practices.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Principles of Management.} \] Quick Tip: The principles of management are fundamental in shaping how managers approach decision-making and leadership in any organisation.

Step 1: Understanding internal sources of recruitment.

Internal recruitment involves filling job vacancies with current employees. However, it has its limitations:

Step 2: Analyzing the limitations.

- **(A) The scope for induction of fresh talent is reduced**: Limiting the pool of talent to only current employees restricts the company's ability to bring in fresh perspectives.
- **(B) Employees are motivated to improve their performance**: This is not a limitation but an advantage, as employees may work harder to secure promotions or advancements.
- **(C) The employees may not take challenging tasks if they are sure of time-bound promotions**: This could be an issue but does not directly relate to limitations of internal recruitment itself.
- **(D) Internal recruitment may boost the competitive environment in the organisation**: This is an advantage, as competition can encourage improved performance and motivation among employees.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct options for the limitations of internal recruitment are: **(A), (B), and (D)**.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)(A), (B) and (D) only.} \] Quick Tip: Internal recruitment can limit fresh talent entry, but it also has benefits like promoting competition within the organization.

Step 1: Features of a Profession.

Professions typically have certain features that distinguish them from other occupations. These features include:

Step 2: Analyzing the options.

- **(A) Well-defined body of knowledge**: Professions typically have a specialized and well-documented body of knowledge that practitioners must understand.
- **(B) Existence of theoretical knowledge**: Theoretical knowledge is the foundation of a profession, often based on studies, research, and specialized education.
- **(C) Entry restricted on the basis of examination or education**: Most professions require specific qualifications, examinations, or certifications to ensure competence.
- **(D) Dominance of service motive**: Professionals are often driven by the desire to serve the public good, rather than purely financial incentives.

Step 3: Conclusion.

All four features are essential characteristics of a profession, so the correct answer is option 3: **(A), (B), (C) and (D)** only.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)(A), (B), (C) and (D) only.} \] Quick Tip: Professions are typically defined by their specialized knowledge, educational requirements, and a service-oriented ethos.

Step 1: Planning in Management.

Planning involves setting the foundation for achieving organizational goals by considering the future and deciding on the course of action.

Step 2: Analyzing each option.

- **(A) Setting objectives**: One of the key elements of planning is to set clear, achievable objectives that guide the organization.
- **(B) Deciding on plans, actions, and strategies to achieve organizational goals**: Planning also involves defining the actions and strategies required to meet the set objectives.
- **(C) Allocating and arranging resources**: Allocating the necessary resources is an essential part of the planning process to achieve the objectives efficiently.
- **(D) Motivating and inspiring people to perform better**: This is part of the directing function, not planning.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **(A), (B) and (C)** only, as these are integral components of the planning function.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)(A), (B) and (C) only.} \] Quick Tip: Effective planning focuses on setting objectives, defining strategies, and organizing resources to achieve those objectives.

Step 1: Understanding the role of controlling.

Controlling ensures that organizational activities are on track to meet the established goals. It is crucial in achieving efficiency and accuracy in operations.

Step 2: Analyzing each reason.

- **(A) Judging accuracy of standards**: One of the key functions of controlling is to ensure that standards and performance are in line with the set objectives.
- **(B) Ensuring creativity in the organisation**: Controlling ensures that employees follow correct processes, while also providing room for creative solutions within set guidelines.
- **(C) Facilitating coordination in action**: Controlling ensures that activities are well-coordinated to avoid conflicts and inefficiencies.
- **(D) Making efficient use of resources**: Controlling helps monitor resource utilization to ensure efficiency and minimize waste.

Step 3: Conclusion.

All four reasons are important for controlling, making the correct answer **(A), (B), (C) and (D)**.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)(A), (B), (C) and (D) only.} \] Quick Tip: Controlling is vital for ensuring that all organizational activities are aligned with goals, resources are efficiently utilized, and performance is accurate.

Step 1: Understanding the principles.

The principles are from the management principles defined by Henri Fayol.

- **Equity (A)**: Equity refers to fairness and justice in the treatment of employees. The statement that corresponds to this principle is **(II)**: "Kindness and justice in the behavior of managers towards workers."
- **Unity of direction (B)**: This principle emphasizes that a group of activities with common objectives must have one head and one plan. Therefore, it aligns with **(III)**.
- **Order (C)**: This principle deals with the organization of resources and personnel, ensuring everything is in its proper place. It aligns with **(IV)**: "Every employee must be in his appointed place."
- **Discipline (D)**: Discipline ensures that employees follow organizational rules and regulations. This principle matches with **(I)**: "To ensure obedience to organizational rules."

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct matching is:
% Option
(A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).} \] Quick Tip: The principles of management emphasize fairness, unity, organization, and discipline. These principles work together to create a structured and efficient environment in an organization.

Step 1: Understanding the concepts.

- **Strategy (A)**: A strategy refers to a comprehensive plan for accomplishing long-term goals. This matches with **(IV)**.
- **Method (B)**: A method is a prescribed way of doing a task. This matches with **(I)**.
- **Programme (C)**: A programme details a group of activities with a specific objective and how they should be accomplished. This matches with **(III)**.
- **Procedure (D)**: A procedure refers to the step-by-step process for accomplishing a task, ensuring that every employee knows their roles. This matches with **(II)**.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct matching is:
% Option
(A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (I).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (I).} \] Quick Tip: A strategy is a comprehensive plan, while a method refers to the prescribed approach for tasks. Programme and procedure provide detailed ways to achieve specific objectives.

Step 1: Understanding the environment-dimension relationships.

- **Economic (A)**: Economic factors affect investment preferences, such as the requirement for KYC compliance in mutual funds. This corresponds to **(I)**.
- **Social (B)**: Social trends, such as the preference for low interest rates by construction companies, match with **(II)**.
- **Legal (C)**: The legal environment is related to the government’s role in maintaining general stability and peace, which corresponds to **(III)**.
- **Political (D)**: Political factors include seasonal effects like the rise in demand during festivals, corresponding to **(IV)**.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct matching is:
% Option
(A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (I).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (I).} \] Quick Tip: Business environments include economic, social, legal, and political factors that influence different dimensions such as investment preferences, government policies, and consumer behavior.

Step 1: Understanding the importance of organizing.

- **Development of personnel (A)**: This refers to ensuring clear descriptions of roles and responsibilities to avoid confusion, corresponding to **(III)**.
- **Adaptation to change (B)**: The ability to stimulate creativity among managers allows for adapting to changes, matching with **(II)**.
- **Expansion and growth (C)**: To facilitate growth, an enterprise needs a clear plan for expansion, which corresponds to **(I)**.
- **Effective administration (D)**: Effective administration includes adding more positions and departments to the business as it grows, aligning with **(IV)**.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct matching is:
% Option
(A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV).} \] Quick Tip: The importance of organizing lies in managing personnel, adapting to change, ensuring growth, and providing effective administration for smooth operations.

Step 1: Understanding each term.

- **Supervision (A)**: Supervision refers to the **direct and immediate guidance** and control of subordinates, which matches with **(III)**.
- **Motivation (B)**: Motivation involves encouraging subordinates with enthusiasm and zeal to perform well, which matches with **(II)**.
- **Leadership (C)**: Leadership involves guiding and influencing subordinates' work to achieve organizational goals, matching with **(IV)**.
- **Communication (D)**: Communication is the exchange of ideas, facts, feelings, and views between parties, matching with **(I)**.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct matching is:
% Option
(A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).} \] Quick Tip: Effective management relies on clear communication, motivating subordinates, providing supervision, and leading teams toward organizational objectives.

Step 1: Understanding the sequence of planning.

- **(A)**: The first step in planning is making assumptions about the future, as any plan must be based on anticipated conditions.
- **(B)**: After assumptions, selecting the best alternative is the next step to ensure the plan is viable and realistic.
- **(C)**: Weighing the pros and cons of each alternative is crucial to evaluating their feasibility.
- **(D)**: Finally, monitoring the plan ensures that the objectives are met and adjustments are made as necessary.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct sequence is:
% Option
(A), (B), (C), (D).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(A), (B), (C), (D).} \] Quick Tip: The planning process involves clear assumptions, selecting alternatives, evaluating them, and monitoring the plan’s execution to achieve objectives.

Step 1: Understanding the staffing process.

- **(D)**: The first step is determining the number of personnel required for the vacant positions. This is necessary before beginning the hiring process.
- **(A)**: Next, searching for employees and stimulating them to apply comes next. After determining the need, you look for suitable candidates.
- **(B)**: Once candidates are selected, the next step is issuing the offer letter to finalize the hiring.
- **(C)**: Lastly, a brief presentation about the company is given to the selected candidates.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct sequence is:
% Option
(D), (A), (B), (C).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)(D), (A), (B), (C).} \] Quick Tip: The staffing process begins with understanding the requirement, then attracting candidates, finalizing them with offer letters, and finally presenting the company.

Step 1: Understanding the stages of motivation.

- **(A)**: The first stage of motivation is the unsatisfied need, where an individual feels the need for something, prompting the desire to fulfill it.
- **(C)**: Next, drives are activated to fulfill the unsatisfied need. These drives can be internal motivations that push an individual to seek solutions.
- **(B)**: Once drives are activated, search behavior begins, where the person looks for ways to satisfy the need.
- **(D)**: Finally, the tension is reduced once the need is satisfied, leading to a state of balance.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct sequence is:
% Option
(A), (C), (B), (D).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(A), (C), (B), (D).} \] Quick Tip: Motivation is a process that starts with an unsatisfied need, which creates drives and search behavior, ultimately leading to the reduction of tension when the need is fulfilled.

Step 1: Understanding the controlling process.

- **(B)**: The first step is projecting the future and setting clear goals and performance standards to guide the process.
- **(C)**: Once the goals are set, measuring and comparing the actual work against control standards is essential to identify any deviations.
- **(D)**: When a deviation occurs, it is crucial to investigate the causes promptly to understand why the goal wasn't achieved.
- **(A)**: After understanding the causes, corrective actions can be taken to bring the situation in line with the decision.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct sequence is:
% Option
(B), (C), (D), (A).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)(B), (C), (D), (A).} \] Quick Tip: The controlling process begins with setting performance standards, measuring progress, investigating deviations, and correcting issues to ensure objectives are met.

Step 1: Understanding the organizing process.

- **(A)**: The first step in the organizing process is **grouping similar activities**. Grouping is essential as it helps in identifying related tasks that can be handled together, making the process more efficient.
- **(C)**: After grouping, **establishing clear relationships** is crucial. This involves creating a **hierarchical structure** that defines the roles and responsibilities of different levels within the organization.
- **(B)**: Once the hierarchy is established, **dividing the work according to the plan** comes next. This means assigning specific tasks to each group or department as per the organizational plan.
- **(D)**: Finally, **allocating work to various employees** is the last step. This involves assigning specific tasks to individuals based on their role in the hierarchy.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct sequence is:
% Option
(A), (C), (B), (D).


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)(A), (C), (B), (D).} \] Quick Tip: The organizing process begins with grouping activities, then establishing roles, dividing the work, and finally assigning tasks to employees. This ensures smooth workflow and coordination in the organization.

Step 1: Understanding the nature of management.

Management is often referred to as a **Science** because it involves systematic knowledge, principles, and techniques that can be learned, applied, and tested. It is also considered an **Art** because it involves creativity, experience, and personal skills in managing people and resources effectively.

- **Option 1** is correct because management involves a combination of both **science** and **art**.
- **Option 2** is incorrect because management indeed involves an art aspect, such as dealing with people, making decisions, and handling crises.
- **Option 3** is incorrect because management is not an exact science like physics or chemistry. It involves human factors that cannot always be precisely predicted or controlled.
- **Option 4** is incorrect because while management is widely recognized, it is still evolving as a profession and doesn't meet all criteria of a fully recognized profession like law or medicine.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct statement is that management has features of both science and art.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)It has features of both Science and Art.} \] Quick Tip: Management is a blend of science (principles and techniques) and art (creativity and personal skill). Understanding both aspects is essential for effective leadership and decision-making.

Step 1: Understanding the Marketing Mix.

The marketing mix consists of the four Ps, which are essential elements in a company's strategy for selling products or services. These are:
- **Product**: This refers to the actual item or service that the company is offering to customers. In the passage, the product is the artisanal coffee offered by Aroma Coffee House.
- **Price**: This is the cost at which the product is sold. Aroma uses premium pricing for its high-quality coffee.
- **Promotion**: This involves the strategies and tactics used to promote the product. The passage mentions that Aroma uses social media marketing, influencer collaborations, and loyalty programs as part of their promotion strategy.

Step 2: Identifying the Outlier.

- **Placement**: This refers to how and where the product is distributed and made available to customers. While the passage does discuss the café's location and delivery service, it does not explicitly refer to the broader concept of **Placement** in the traditional marketing mix sense (e.g., distribution channels).

Step 3: Conclusion.

The component **Placement** is not explicitly mentioned in the passage, making it the correct answer for what is not a part of the marketing mix discussed here.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (C)Placement.} \] Quick Tip: The marketing mix consists of the 4 Ps: Product, Price, Promotion, and Placement. "Placement" refers to the distribution strategy, which is not explicitly discussed in the passage.

Step 1: Understanding the role of labeling.

Labeling on products provides essential information to the customers about the product. This can include details like ingredients, usage instructions, and benefits, which helps consumers make informed purchasing decisions.

- **Option 1 (Packaging Design)**: While packaging design is important, labeling specifically provides the information printed on the packaging, not the design itself.
- **Option 2 (Product Information)**: This is the correct answer. Labels provide detailed information about the product, such as its ingredients, instructions for use, and product benefits.
- **Option 3 (Product Protection)**: Although packaging and labeling contribute to protection, labeling itself does not serve as a protective mechanism for the product.
- **Option 4 (Enhances quality of the product)**: Labeling does not directly enhance the quality of the product; rather, it communicates quality aspects that are often defined by the product itself.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The primary function of labeling is to provide **product information** to the consumer, making **Option 2** the correct answer.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Product Information.} \] Quick Tip: Labels are essential for providing product information, including usage instructions, ingredients, and other critical details that help consumers make informed decisions.

Step 1: Analyzing Aroma Coffee House’s branding focus from the passage.

The passage emphasizes that Aroma Coffee House's branding strategy highlights sustainability. This is evident from their use of **eco-conscious** packaging and **ethical sourcing of coffee** to support local farmers. Sustainability is a core aspect of their brand identity, aligned with their focus on environmentally friendly and socially responsible practices.

- **Option 1 (Cost effectiveness)**: While Aroma's product may be priced higher due to premium quality, cost effectiveness is not their primary branding focus.
- **Option 2 (Sustainability)**: This is the correct answer. Aroma Coffee House emphasizes **sustainability** in both its packaging and sourcing of ingredients, which is a central theme in their marketing.
- **Option 3 (Luxury)**: Although Aroma offers high-quality, artisanal coffee, their branding is more about sustainability than luxury.
- **Option 4 (Speed)**: The focus on speed is not mentioned in the passage. Aroma emphasizes quality, sustainability, and ethics over fast service.

Step 2: Conclusion.

Aroma Coffee House's primary branding focus is **sustainability**, making **Option 2** the correct answer.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Sustainability.} \] Quick Tip: Sustainability in branding focuses on ethical practices, eco-friendly packaging, and social responsibility, as seen in Aroma Coffee House's approach to sourcing and packaging.

Step 1: Understanding the marketing mix components.

The marketing mix consists of the **4 Ps**:
- **Product**: Refers to the goods or services offered by the company.
- **Price**: The cost the customer pays for the product.
- **Place**: The distribution channels through which the product reaches the customer.
- **Promotion**: Involves all the activities a company undertakes to make their product known, including advertising, sales promotions, and public relations.

Step 2: Conclusion.

Advertising is a key part of **promotion**, which is responsible for communicating product benefits and encouraging customers to make a purchase.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (D)Promotion.} \] Quick Tip: Advertising is a key element of the **promotion** component of the marketing mix, aimed at increasing product awareness and encouraging customer engagement.

Step 1: Analyzing the passage.

In the passage, Aroma Coffee House is described as using **recyclable and aesthetically designed packaging** to appeal to eco-conscious consumers. This shows that they prioritize sustainability in their product packaging.

- **Option 1 (Plastic bags)**: While plastic bags are common, the passage highlights **recyclable materials** as part of Aroma's branding.
- **Option 2 (Recyclable materials)**: This is the correct answer. Aroma uses **recyclable materials** in their packaging, aligning with their eco-conscious brand.
- **Option 3 (Aluminium Cans)**: Aluminium cans are not mentioned in the passage.
- **Option 4 (Glass Jars)**: Glass jars are also not mentioned in the passage as a packaging material.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The packaging used by Aroma Coffee House focuses on **recyclable materials**, making **Option 2** the correct choice.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Recyclable materials.} \] Quick Tip: Recyclable packaging is a key part of sustainable branding, which helps appeal to environmentally conscious customers while maintaining product integrity.

Step 1: Analyzing the passage.

The passage clearly indicates that GreenTech’s financial management strategy is focused on both profitability and sustainability, with a particular emphasis on maximizing the wealth of shareholders. This is in line with the goal of financial management to enhance the financial value of the company, benefiting the shareholders.

- **Option 1 (Maximizing revenue)**: Maximizing revenue is important, but it is not the primary goal of financial management. Financial management focuses on overall wealth creation, not just increasing sales or revenue.
- **Option 2 (Maximizing shareholders' wealth)**: This is the correct answer. The goal of financial management is to maximize shareholders' wealth, which is reflected in the company’s profitability, dividends, and long-term growth, as described in the passage.
- **Option 3 (Expanding business)**: While business expansion is part of financial strategy, it is a means to an end, not the primary goal of financial management.
- **Option 4 (Expanding profits)**: Expanding profits is a goal of financial management, but it is a part of maximizing shareholders’ wealth. Profit maximization alone does not necessarily translate to wealth creation for shareholders.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The primary goal of financial management, as highlighted in the passage, is to **maximize shareholders' wealth**, making **Option 2** the correct choice.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Maximizing shareholders' wealth.} \] Quick Tip: The primary goal of financial management is to maximize the wealth of shareholders by balancing profitability, risk, and sustainability in decision-making.

Step 1: Understanding the term "Capital Budgeting."

- **Capital Budgeting** is the process of evaluating long-term investment projects, such as the purchase of equipment, launching new products, or expansion into new markets. This process helps the company determine whether an investment is worthwhile in terms of profitability and risk.

- **Option 1 (Capital Budgeting)**: This is the correct answer. Capital budgeting evaluates the viability of long-term investments by using techniques like NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), and payback period.
- **Option 2 (Working capital management)**: Working capital management refers to managing day-to-day financial activities like cash, inventory, and receivables to ensure smooth operations, not long-term investments.
- **Option 3 (Dividend decisions)**: Dividend decisions concern how profits are distributed to shareholders, not evaluating investment opportunities.
- **Option 4 (Financial leverage)**: Financial leverage deals with the use of debt to finance investments, but it does not directly evaluate the viability of investment projects.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct process for evaluating long-term investments is **capital budgeting**.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Capital Budgeting.} \] Quick Tip: Capital budgeting helps companies assess the profitability and risk of long-term investments, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently.

Step 1: Understanding financial planning.

- **Financial planning** refers to the process of setting goals, developing strategies to achieve them, and managing financial resources to ensure the company’s financial stability and growth.
- The term **"Financial blueprint"** refers to a detailed plan or strategy for managing a company's financial activities, including budgeting, investments, and resource allocation.

- **Option 1 (Finance)**: Finance is a broad term that refers to the management of money and investments, but it does not specifically refer to the detailed planning process.
- **Option 2 (Financial blueprint)**: This is the correct answer. A **financial blueprint** is a plan that outlines the financial goals and strategies for achieving them, which is essentially what financial planning involves.
- **Option 3 (Shareholders’ wealth)**: Shareholders' wealth refers to the value derived by shareholders from the company’s performance, but it is an outcome of financial planning, not the planning process itself.
- **Option 4 (Operations management)**: Operations management deals with managing production and operations, not financial planning.

Step 2: Conclusion.

Financial planning is essentially a **financial blueprint**, which helps the company organize and manage its financial resources.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (B)Financial blueprint.} \] Quick Tip: A financial blueprint is the strategic plan for managing a company’s financial resources to achieve long-term goals and sustain growth.

Step 1: Analyzing the passage for working capital management priorities.

- **Working Capital Management** refers to the process of managing a company's short-term assets and liabilities to ensure it has sufficient cash flow to meet its short-term obligations and operate smoothly.
- From the passage, it is mentioned that GreenTech focuses on **optimizing cash flow, managing inventory, and negotiating favorable credit terms** with suppliers. Optimizing cash flow is the key priority here, ensuring liquidity for daily operations.

- **Option 1 (Expanding inventory)**: Expanding inventory could be part of working capital management, but the priority for GreenTech is focused on optimizing cash flow rather than expanding inventory.
- **Option 2 (Eliminating liabilities)**: While reducing liabilities is important, the primary focus in working capital management is on liquidity and cash flow management, not just eliminating liabilities.
- **Option 3 (Increasing dividends)**: Increasing dividends is a decision related to the company’s profits and shareholder returns, not directly related to working capital management.
- **Option 4 (Optimising cashflow)**: This is the correct answer. GreenTech prioritizes **optimizing cash flow**, as it helps avoid liquidity issues and ensures smooth operations in day-to-day activities.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The primary priority for GreenTech in working capital management is **optimizing cash flow**, making **Option 4** the correct choice.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (D)Optimising cashflow.} \] Quick Tip: Optimizing cash flow is crucial for smooth day-to-day operations. It ensures the company can meet short-term obligations while minimizing liquidity issues.

Step 1: Understanding the components of financial management.

The passage describes several aspects of GreenTech's financial management strategy, including:
- **Capital structure**: The balance between debt and equity financing, which GreenTech optimizes to minimize costs and ensure financial flexibility.
- **Financial leverage**: The use of borrowed funds to increase the return on equity, which is part of GreenTech's financial strategy.
- **Dividend decisions**: GreenTech makes decisions on how to distribute profits to shareholders, balancing reinvestment with consistent dividends.

- **Option 1 (Pricing Strategy)**: **Pricing Strategy** is not discussed in the passage as part of GreenTech’s financial management. While pricing is important, it is typically a marketing function rather than a financial management component.
- **Option 2 (Capital Structure)**: Capital structure is a key part of financial management, as it determines how a company finances its operations and growth.
- **Option 3 (Financial Leverage)**: Financial leverage is the use of debt to finance operations, which GreenTech actively manages.
- **Option 4 (Dividend decisions)**: GreenTech's approach to managing dividends is part of its financial strategy, as it ensures consistent payouts while maintaining reinvestment.

Step 2: Conclusion.

The correct answer is **Pricing Strategy**, as it is not a component of GreenTech’s financial management based on the passage.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The correct answer is (A)Pricing Strategy.} \] Quick Tip: Pricing strategy is typically part of marketing, while financial management focuses on capital structure, leverage, dividends, and financial planning.