Where are proteins synthesized inside the cell?

Protein synthesis takes place inside the cell immediately after the transcription process. Transcription leads to mRNA synthesis which makes the amino acid, peptides and protein through translation. In the cell, there are specific sites for each function and production including protein synthesis.

Proteins are synthesized inside the cell in a structure called the ribosome, which is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  • In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are located either in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
  • The location of ribosomes depends on whether the protein being synthesized is meant for secretion or for use within the cell.
  • Once a protein has been synthesized by the ribosome, it may undergo additional modifications or folding in other parts of the cell.
  • For example, proteins that are meant for secretion or for insertion into the cell membrane may undergo further modification in the ER or the Golgi apparatus.

Other proteins may be targeted to specific organelles, such as the mitochondria or the nucleus, for specific functions.


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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Describe the structure and working of a sparged stirred-tank bioreactor.


      • 2.

        Study the given below single strand of deoxyribonucleic acid depicted in the form of a “stick” diagram with 5′ – 3′ end directionality, sugars as vertical lines and bases as single letter abbreviations and answer the questions that follow.

        Name the covalent bonds depicted as (a) and (b) in the form of slanting lines in the diagram.
        How many purines are present in the given “stick” diagram?
        Draw the chemical structure of the given polynucleotide chain of DNA.


          • 3.

            Student to attempt either option (A) or (B).
            (A) 
            (i) Describe the process of megasporogenesis in an angiosperm. 
            (ii) Draw a diagram of a mature embryo sac of the angiosperm. Label its any four parts. 
            OR
            (B) The reproductive cycle in the female primates is called menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty. 
            Answer the following questions: 
            (i) Name the four phases of menstrual cycle in a proper sequence. 
            (ii) How long does the menstrual phase last in a menstrual cycle? 
            (iii) When and why hormones estrogen and progesterone reach their peak levels respectively, in the menstrual cycle? 
            (iv) Give the significance of LH surge.


              • 4.

                Given below is a heterogeneous RNA formed during Eukaryotic transcription:

                heterogeneous RNA

                How many introns and exons respectively are present in the hnRNA?

                  • 7, 7
                  • 8, 7
                  • 8, 8
                  • 7, 8

                • 5.

                  Student to attempt either option-(A) or (B):
                  (A) Write the features a molecule should have to act as a genetic material. In the light of the above features, evaluate and justify the suitability of the molecule that is preferred as an ideal genetic material. 
                  OR 
                  (B) Differentiate between the following:

                  • [(i)] Polygenic Inheritance and Pleiotropy
                  • [(ii)] Dominance, Codominance and Incomplete dominance


                    • 6.
                      If a natural population of 60 individuals is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles B and b, with the gene frequency of allele B of 0.7, the genotype frequency of Bb will be:

                        • ( 0.21 )
                        • ( 0.42 )
                        • ( 0.49 )
                        • ( 0.56 )
                      CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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