Ruthenium: Chemical Properties, Occurrence and Uses

Important Questions Based on Ruthenium

Ques: Which of the following is not a d block element: (1 Mark)

1. Cerium
2. Ruthenium
3. Scandium
4. Zinc

Ans: a) Cerium

Ques: Which d block element shows the largest number of oxidation states? (1 Mark)

Ans: Manganese exhibits the largest number of oxidation states.

Ques: Where is Ruthenium found? (2 Marks)

Ans: Ruthenium is found as a free metal in platinum ores. It is found in the Ural Mountains in North and South America. Small amounts of ruthenium are also found in pentlandite mines in Ontario, Sudbury, Canada, and a few deposits in pyroxenite mines in South Africa.

Ques: Mention some applications of Ruthenium. (2 Marks)

Ans: Applications of Ruthenium:

• Ruthenium is used in electrical contacts to achieve durability.
• Ruthenium is also employed in thick-film chip resistors.
• It is used as a catalyst in Fischer Tropsch synthesis.
• It is used as an alloy with palladium and platinum.

Ques: Write a note on Ruthenium. (3 Marks)

Ans: Ruthenium is a d block element in the periodic table with atomic number 44. The official symbol of this element is ‘Ru’. The melting point of this element is 2250 ?C and the boiling point of ruthenium is 4150?C. The period of ruthenium is 5. The electronic configuration of ruthenium is [Kr] 4d75s1. Ruthenium falls under the platinum group and it has multiple uses. It is used as an exotic material. It is employed in olefin metathesis and Fischer Tropsch synthesis.

Ques: What are D Block Elements? (3 Marks)

Ans: D block elements are elements that have 1 to 10 electrons in the d-orbital of the penultimate energy level and 1 to 2 electrons in the s-orbital. D block elements exhibit metallic properties.

There are four series under the d block elements:

1. 3d series, also called the first transition
2. 4d series, also called the second transition
3. 5d series, also called the third transition
4. 6d series, also called the fourth transition

Ques: What are F Block Elements? (3 Marks)

Ans: F block elements are elements that have anywhere between 1 to 14 electrons in the f orbital and 0 or 1 electron in the d orbital. F block elements are a subset of the 6th and 7th periods. They are also called inner transition metals.

There are two series under f block elements:

1. 4f series
2. 5f series

Ques: Mention all the D Block Elements of the periodic table. (5 Marks)

Ans: D block elements:

1. 3d series (first transition)

Scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn).

2. 4d series (second transition)

Yttrium (Y), Zirconium (Zr), Niobium (Nb), Molybdenum (Mo), Technetium (Tc), Ruthenium (Ru), Rhodium (Rh), Palladium (Pd), Silver (Ag), and Cadmium (Cd).

3. 5d series (third transition)

Lanthanum (La), Hafnium (Hf), Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W), Rhenium (Re), Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir), Platinum (Pt), Gold (Au), and Mercury (Hg).

4. 6d series (fourth transition)

Actinium (Ac), Rutherfordium (Rf), Hahnium (Ha), Seaborgium (Sg), Bohrium (Bh), Hassium (Hs) and Meitnerium (Mt). This series is still considered to be incomplete.

Ques: Mention the F Block Elements in the periodic table. (5 Marks)

Ans: F block elements:

1. 4f series (Lanthanides)

Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), and Lutetium (Lu).

2. 5f series (Actinides)

Actinium (Ac), Thorium (Th), Protactinium (Pa), Uranium (U), Neptunium (Np), Plutonium (Pu), Americium (Am), Curium (Cm), Berkelium (Bk), Californium (Cf), Einsteinium (Es), Fermium (Fr), Mendelevium (Md), Nobelium (No), and Lawrencium (Lw).