CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

French Revolution and the idea of nation; Romantic nationalism; role of culture and folk traditions; unification of Germany and Italy; role of Bismarck and Cavour; nationalism in the Balkans.

Non-Cooperation Movement; Civil Disobedience Movement; Salt Satyagraha and Dandi March; participation of peasants, workers, tribals, dalits, and women; role of Gandhiji; limits of civil disobedience; sense of collective belonging.

Gutenberg and the printing press; print in Europe; religious debates and print; novel as a new literary form; print and women; reading mania; print and the poor; print and censorship; print culture in India.

Types of resources; land resources; land use pattern in India; land degradation and conservation; soil types (alluvial, black, red, laterite, arid); soil erosion and soil conservation measures.

Flora and fauna in India; causes of depletion; types of forests — reserved, protected, unclassed; Chipko movement; Joint Forest Management; community-based conservation.

Water scarcity and its causes; multi-purpose river projects — benefits and limitations; rainwater harvesting; watershed management; Bamboo Drip irrigation.

Types of farming; cropping seasons (Kharif, Rabi, Zaid); major crops — food grains, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, jute; Green Revolution; technological and institutional reforms; impact of globalisation on agriculture.

Formation and types of minerals; metallic and non-metallic minerals; conventional energy — coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear; non-conventional sources — solar, wind, biogas, tidal, geothermal; energy conservation.

Importance of manufacturing; industrial location factors; agro-based industries — textiles, jute, sugar; mineral-based industries — iron and steel, aluminium, chemicals, fertiliser, cement; industrial pollution and pollution control.

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations — types of reactions; oxidation and reduction; balancing equations.
Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts — properties; pH scale; salts and their uses; preparation of bleaching powder, baking powder, washing soda, Plaster of Paris.
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals — physical and chemical properties; reactivity series; ionic bonding; extraction of metals; corrosion and prevention.
Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds — covalent bonding; allotropes; homologous series; nomenclature; functional groups; ethanol; ethanoic acid; soaps and detergents.

Chapter 6: Life Processes — nutrition in plants and animals; human digestive system; respiration; transportation in plants and humans; excretion.
Chapter 7: Control and Coordination — nervous system; reflex arc; human brain; endocrine glands and hormones; tropic movements in plants.
Chapter 8: How do Organisms Reproduce? — asexual reproduction; sexual reproduction in plants and humans; reproductive health; contraception.
Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution — Mendel’s laws; inherited traits; sex determination; Darwin’s theory; speciation; human evolution.

Chapter 10: Light – Reflection and Refraction — laws of reflection; spherical mirrors; mirror formula; refraction; Snell’s Law; lens formula; power of a lens.
Chapter 11: Human Eye and the Colourful World — eye structure; defects of vision; atmospheric refraction; dispersion; Tyndall effect; scattering of light.

Chapter 12: Electricity — electric current; potential difference; Ohm’s Law; resistance; series and parallel circuits; Joule’s Law; electric power.
Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current — magnetic field lines; electromagnets; electric motor; electromagnetic induction; electric generator; domestic circuits.

Chapter 14: Our Environment — ecosystem; food chains and food webs; ozone depletion; waste management; biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Real Numbers: Euclid’s Division Lemma; Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic; proof of irrationality of √2, √3, √5; decimal expansions of rational and irrational numbers.

Polynomials: zeros of a polynomial; relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic and cubic polynomials; division algorithm.
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables: graphical method; substitution, elimination, cross-multiplication; equations reducible to linear pair.
Quadratic Equations: factorisation; completing the square; quadratic formula; nature of roots via discriminant.
Arithmetic Progressions: nth term; sum of first n terms; word problems.

Distance formula; section formula (internal and external division); area of a triangle using coordinates.

Triangles: similarity criteria (AA, SAS, SSS); Basic Proportionality Theorem and its converse; areas of similar triangles; Pythagoras Theorem and its converse.
Circles: tangent to a circle; number of tangents from an external point; tangent theorems (proofs required).

Introduction to Trigonometry: trigonometric ratios; values at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°; complementary angles; trigonometric identities.
Some Applications of Trigonometry: heights and distances; angle of elevation; angle of depression; two-stage word problems.

Areas Related to Circles: area of a circle; area of sector; area of segment; combinations of plane figures.
Surface Areas and Volumes: surface area and volume of combinations of cuboid, cone, cylinder, sphere, and hemisphere; conversion of one solid to another; frustum of a cone.

Statistics: mean, median, and mode for grouped data; cumulative frequency distribution; drawing and interpreting ogives (less-than and more-than type); locating median from ogive.
Probability: classical definition; complementary events; simple daily-life word problems.