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Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood cells against the artery wall during circulation. 40 to 50% of the total population affects this health disorder. Failure of organs, heart stock, kidney, and artery damage are the main risks associated with blood pressure. Normal blood pressure in an individual is 120-140/ 70-90 mm Hg with an average pulse of 60-80 per minute. A blood pressure device for measuring is a sphygmomanometer.
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Read Also: Hypertension
Two Numbers Of Blood Pressure
Blood pressure reading is represented by two numbers.
Systolic Pressure
During the ventricular diastole(Contradiction), blood pressure inside the artery is Systolic pressure. 90-120 is the usual range. It measures the first or upper number pressure in your arteries according to the heartbeat. It is also called the top number.
Diastolic Pressure
Diastolic pressure is the pressure that occurs in an artery during cardiac diastole (relaxation). The usual rate is 80 mm Hg. Between beats, it monitors the second or lower number of pressures in the arteries. The bottom number is another name for it.
Types Of Blood Pressure
Two types of blood pressure exist in the human body. The reading of blood pressure gives in millimeters of mercury(mm Hg).
Read Also: Heart Diseases
Hypotension
It is low blood pressure. The underlying problem is a sign. Also, the reading of blood falls less than 90/60 mm Hg.
Hypertension
Hypertension is high blood pressure. An increasing problem is a vital sign. A lot of stress during blood circulation happens in the cell. The reading of blood falls more than 140/90 mm Hg.
Difference between Hypotension and Hypertension.
The table below depicts the changes in two different blood pressures.
| Hypotension | Hypertension |
|---|---|
| Systolic pressure is more than 140 mm Hg, and diastolic pressure is higher than 90 mm Hg (DP). | The systolic pressure is even less than 120 mm Hg, and the diastolic pressure is far less than 70 mm Hg. |
| Expansion of arteries. | Thickening of walls. |
| Loss of blood volume. | Elasticity loss. |
| Diabetes, hormonal issues and aging causes hypertension. | Stress and obesity are various causes. |
| Fainting and fatigue. | Chest pain and headache are the signs shown in the body |
Risk Factors In Blood Pressure
There are various risk factors included in the blood pressure of the human body. These are,
Age: An increase in age is a risk factor. High blood pressure is seen in men until age 64. The development in women is viewed after 65.
Hierarchy: Most of the value of pressure runs in the history of families. It changes from one generation to another. For example, A father in a house affects high blood pressure. Usually, the son/daughter will get it through genetically. It depends upon their health.
Overweight: More blood needs for the supply of nutrients to tissues due to weight. The pressure of artery walls rises based on the increased blood flow to vessels.
Usage of Drugs: It also raises the amount of pressure. Smoking and chewing tobacco cause various health diseases. The chemicals in it damage the artery wall lining. It also increases the risk of heart disease.
Stress: High level of stress assists in raising blood pressure. The usage of alcohol, tobacco, and more eating led to increasing stress levels.
Five Ways to Control Blood Pressure
The way you live is a big part of how you treat your body's blood pressure. Attempt to control the pressure results in a healthy and long-lasting body. Here are five ways to reduce blood pressure in the body.
Regular Exercise
Regular exercise every day reduces the pressure value. It also helps to avoid hypertension. Walking, jogging, dancing, and swimming lower the amount of pressure. Maintain a strength training exercise two or three times a week.
Healthy Diet
You can reduce blood pressure by eating fruits, vegetables, and grains. The effect of sodium is reduced by potassium. Potassium is reinforced by vegetarian foods. Keep a food diary to develop the correct diet.
Quit Alcohol and Smoking
Drinking and smoking above moderate amounts ensure the rise of blood pressure. Stop these habits and make your blood normal. It improves health overall and avoids heart disease.
Reduce Stress
It is necessary to think about the stress element in your body. Control the issues by solving them. Relax the mind and body by participating in activities.
Visit the Doctor
The recommendation of a doctor helps to resolve issues regarding any disease. So, proper check-up and treatments led to maintaining blood pressure.
Things to Remember
- Blood Pressure can be defined as the force/pressure that blood cells exert against artery walls during circulation.
- Blood Pressure is a serious health disorder that affects nearly 40-50% of the population.
- Blood pressure is of two types. Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension) reads less than 90/60 mm Hg. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) reads more than 140/90 mm Hg.
- The most common symptoms of Hypotension are: Fatigue, Dizziness, Increased Thirst, Lack of Concentration
- The most common symptoms of Hypertension are: Heart Issues, Chest Pain, Bleeding Nose, Kidney Failure, Dizziness, Loss of Breath, Headaches, Heart and Brain Stroke.
- Blood Pressure can be controlled by maintaining a good, healthy diet (low sodium, low fat), Reducing stress, Regular Exercise and Proper Medication.
Sample Questions
Ques. What are the causes of high blood pressure? (2 marks)
Ans: Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. High blood pressure is caused by a poor diet, obesity, advanced age, inactivity, and genetics. Stress is a serious contributor to the rise in the body's pressure content.
Ques. Why is blood pressure more in arteries than veins? (2 marks)
Ans. The blood from the heart is carried to tissues by arteries. The heart pumps blood actively. Blood pressure in arteries is always high. Veins, on the other hand, flow blood in the opposite direction.
Veins have lower blood pressure. Thus, arteries' blood pressure is more than veins.
Ques. Define systolic and diastolic pressure. (2 marks)
Ans: Blood pressure is measured using mm Hg(millimeters of mercury). The blood force against artery walls is systolic pressure. Diastolic pressure is the value between heartbeats. For example, A reading of blood pressure is written as 120/80 mm Hg. 120 is the systolic pressure, and 80 consists of diastolic pressure.
Ques. Which are the health issues associated with high blood pressure? (3 marks)
Ans: Several health issues link with high blood pressure. The lack of pumping of blood led to heart disease. Also, the damage of blood vessels causes kidney disease. Blood clot happens due to weakening of the blood vessel wall. It gives the way of stroke. Hypertension also results in eye disease.
Ques. Mention the treatments for high blood pressure? (3 marks)
Ans. Lifestyle treatments are the best measure to overcome pressure. Improve health by quitting smoking and drinking alcohol. Keeping a healthy weight is another measure. The vitamins and minerals in vegetables are essential to maintain the diet. Regular exercise avoids all diseases in the body and makes the body strong. Reduce the stress of the body by meditation and activities.
Ques. Define low blood pressure. (2 marks)
Ans. Another name for hypotension is low blood pressure. A reading of blood less than 90/60 in terms of hypotension. Aging, diabetes, hormone issues are the vital causes of this. The signs show in the body are fainting and fatigue.
Ques. Depict three risk factors in blood pressure. (3 marks)
Ans. Age increase is the first risk factor. The use of drugs increases the amount of pressure. Smoking causes a variety of health problems. The risk of heart disease is provided by the use of drugs. The last one is stress. Stress levels increase through the use of tobacco, alcohol, and eating.
Ques. Which device is used to detect blood pressure? (2 marks)
Ans. The instrument sphygmomanometer used by doctors to check the blood pressure. The upper arm is covered by a cuff to stop blood flow into an artery. It also connects with an apparatus to record the value of pressure. The blood pressure is easily detected using this device.
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