UP Board Syllabus 2027: Class 10 and 12 Subject-Wise Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

Real Numbers: Euclid’s division lemma; fundamental theorem of arithmetic; proof of irrationality of √2, √3, √5; decimal expansions of rational numbers.

Polynomials: Zeros and their relationship with coefficients; division algorithm for polynomials.
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables: Graphical method; algebraic methods — substitution, elimination, cross-multiplication; consistency of equations.
Quadratic Equations: Standard form; solution by factorisation, completing the square, and quadratic formula; discriminant and nature of roots.
Arithmetic Progressions: General term (nth term); sum of first n terms; word problems.

Coordinate Geometry: Distance formula; section formula (internal division); area of a triangle using coordinate method.

Triangles: Similarity criteria (AA, SSS, SAS); Basic Proportionality Theorem; Pythagoras Theorem; areas of similar triangles.
Circles: Tangent to a circle; number of tangents from an external point; length of tangent.
Constructions: Division of a line segment; tangents to a circle from an external point.

Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle; values at standard angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°); complementary angles; fundamental trigonometric identities.
Some Applications of Trigonometry: Heights and distances; angle of elevation and angle of depression problems.

Areas Related to Circles: Area of sector and segment; area of combinations of plane figures.
Surface Areas and Volumes: Surface area and volume of combinations — cube, cuboid, sphere, hemisphere, cylinder, cone; conversion of one solid to another.

Statistics: Mean of grouped data (direct, assumed mean, and step-deviation methods); median and mode of grouped data; cumulative frequency distribution; ogive curves.
Probability: Classical definition; simple problems on probability of single events.

Chemical Reactions and Equations; Acids, Bases and Salts; Metals and Non-Metals; Carbon and its Compounds; Periodic Classification of Elements.

Life Processes; Control and Coordination; How do Organisms Reproduce?; Heredity and Evolution.

Light – Reflection and Refraction; The Human Eye and the Colourful World.

Electricity; Magnetic Effects of Electric Current.

Sources of Energy; Our Environment; Management of Natural Resources.

Nationalism in Europe; Nationalist Movement in Indo-China; Nationalism in India (Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience); The Age of Industrialisation; Print Culture and the Modern World.

Resources and Development; Forest and Wildlife Resources; Water Resources; Agriculture; Minerals and Energy Resources; Manufacturing Industries; Lifelines of National Economy.

Power Sharing; Federalism; Democracy and Diversity; Gender, Religion and Caste; Popular Struggles and Movements; Political Parties; Outcomes of Democracy; Challenges to Democracy.

Development; Sectors of the Indian Economy; Money and Credit; Globalisation and the Indian Economy; Consumer Rights.

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields — Coulomb’s law, superposition principle, electric field and field lines, Gauss’s theorem, electric dipole in a uniform field.
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance — Electric potential, potential due to a point charge and a dipole, equipotential surfaces, relation between E and V, capacitors, dielectrics, energy stored, combination of capacitors.

Chapter 3: Current Electricity — Ohm’s law, drift velocity, mobility, temperature dependence of resistance, resistivity, EMF and internal resistance of cells, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer.

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism — Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, force on a current-carrying conductor, cyclotron, galvanometer conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter — Earth’s magnetism, magnetic properties of materials (diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic), hysteresis loop.

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction — Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, motional EMF, eddy currents, self-inductance, mutual inductance.
Chapter 7: Alternating Current — Peak and rms values, phasors, LC oscillations, series LCR circuit, resonance condition, power factor, transformer, AC generator.

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves — Displacement current (qualitative idea), Maxwell’s equations (qualitative), nature and properties of EM waves, electromagnetic spectrum with uses (radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma rays).

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments — Reflection at curved mirrors; refraction at plane and spherical surfaces; total internal reflection; lenses; lens maker’s equation; power of a lens; combination of lenses and prisms; optical instruments (simple microscope, compound microscope, astronomical telescope).
Chapter 10: Wave Optics — Huygens’ principle; superposition of waves; Young’s double slit experiment (fringe width derivation); interference; single-slit diffraction; polarisation by reflection; Brewster’s law; Malus’s law.

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter — Electron emission, photoelectric effect, work function, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, stopping potential, wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis, Davisson-Germer experiment.

Chapter 12: Atoms — Alpha particle scattering, Rutherford’s nuclear model, Bohr’s model, energy levels of hydrogen atom, spectral series (Lyman, Balmer, etc.).
Chapter 13: Nuclei — Nuclear composition, size, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon, nuclear forces, radioactivity (α, β, γ decay laws), nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, nuclear reactor.

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics — Energy bands; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n junction diode (forward and reverse bias); half-wave and full-wave rectifier; Zener diode as a voltage regulator; transistor (CE configuration, amplifier, switching action); logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) and their truth tables.

Types of solutions; solubility; Raoult’s law; colligative properties (vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure); Van’t Hoff factor; abnormal molar masses.

Electrochemical cells; galvanic cells; standard electrode potential; Nernst equation and cell EMF; electrolytic cells; Faraday’s laws; conductance of electrolytic solutions; batteries (dry cell, lead storage); fuel cells; corrosion.

Rate of reaction; factors affecting rate; rate law; order and molecularity; integrated rate equations (zero order, first order); half-life; Arrhenius equation; activation energy; collision theory.

Electronic configurations; general properties of transition metals; variable oxidation states; magnetic properties; catalytic behaviour; interstitial compounds; alloy formation; lanthanides and actinides.

Werner’s theory; ligands; coordination number; IUPAC nomenclature; valence bond theory; crystal field theory; colour; magnetic properties; isomerism; stability constants; biological importance.

Nomenclature; nature of C-X bond; physical properties; SN1 and SN2 mechanisms; optical activity; polyhalogen compounds; uses and environmental effects.

Classification and IUPAC nomenclature; preparation methods; physical and chemical properties; acidic nature of phenols; mechanism of dehydration; Williamson synthesis of ethers.

Nomenclature; preparation; nucleophilic addition reactions; Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reductions; Cannizzaro reaction; aldol condensation; carboxylic acids — acidic strength, esterification, halogenation.

Classification and nomenclature; basicity; preparation from nitro compounds, nitriles, amides; Gabriel synthesis; chemical reactions; diazonium salts and their synthetic importance.

Carbohydrates: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides (sucrose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose).
Proteins: amino acids, peptide bond, protein structure (primary to quaternary), enzymes.
Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA, base pairs, biological functions.
Vitamins and hormones: classification and deficiency diseases.

Ch 1: Reproduction in Organisms; Ch 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants; Ch 3: Human Reproduction; Ch 4: Reproductive Health.

Ch 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation — Mendel’s laws, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, incomplete dominance, sex-linked inheritance, chromosomal disorders.
Ch 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance — DNA replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, lac operon, Human Genome Project, DNA fingerprinting.
Ch 7: Evolution — Origin of life, Darwinism, neo-Darwinism, natural selection, Hardy-Weinberg principle, human evolution.

Ch 8: Human Health and Disease — Immunity, vaccines, common diseases, cancer, AIDS, drug abuse.
Ch 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production — Animal husbandry, plant breeding, biofortification, tissue culture.
Ch 10: Microbes in Human Welfare — Food processing, biogas production, sewage treatment, biocontrol agents, biofertilisers.

Ch 11: Biotechnology — Principles and Processes: Genetic engineering tools, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, recombinant DNA technology steps, PCR, gel electrophoresis.
Ch 12: Biotechnology and its Applications: GMOs, Bt crops, insulin production, gene therapy, biosafety (Cartagena Protocol), Golden Rice.

Ch 13: Organisms and Populations — Habitat, niche, population growth models, interspecific interactions.
Ch 14: Ecosystem — Structure, energy flow (10% law), food chains, food webs, ecological pyramids, nutrient cycling.
Ch 15: Biodiversity and Conservation — Levels of biodiversity, hotspots, threats, in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
Ch 16: Environmental Issues — Air, water, soil pollution; greenhouse effect; ozone depletion; solid waste management.

Relations and Functions: Types of relations (reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence); types of functions (one-one, onto, bijective); composition; binary operations.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Domain and range; principal value branch; graphs; properties and identities.

Matrices: Types; operations; transpose; symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices; inverse; elementary row operations.
Determinants: Properties; minors and cofactors; adjoint; inverse using determinant; solving system of linear equations (Cramer’s rule); area of triangle.

Continuity and Differentiability: Continuity; differentiability; chain rule; Rolle’s and Lagrange’s theorems.
Applications of Derivatives: Rate of change; increasing/decreasing functions; tangents and normals; maxima and minima.
Integrals: Methods (substitution, by parts, partial fractions); definite integrals; fundamental theorem of calculus.
Applications of Integrals: Area under curves; area between two curves.
Differential Equations: Order and degree; general and particular solutions; variable separable; homogeneous; linear first-order equations.

Vectors: Scalars and vectors; magnitude; types of vectors; dot product; cross product; scalar triple product; projections.
Three-Dimensional Geometry: Direction cosines and ratios; equation of a line and plane in space; angle between lines and planes; distance from a point to a plane.

Linear Programming Problems: Mathematical formulation; feasible region; graphical method (corner point method); maximisation and minimisation problems.

Conditional probability; multiplication theorem; independent events; total probability; Bayes’ theorem; random variable; mean and variance; Bernoulli trials; binomial distribution.