The UP Board Class 12 Biology syllabus is officially released by the Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UPMSP) for 2025-26 academic session. The Biology syllabus of the 2025-26 academic year is still based on the pattern of 70 marks theory + 30 marks practical, so that the conceptual knowledge and laboratory skills are equally measured.
- UP Board class 12 syllabus is based on units like Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biotechnology, Human Welfare, and Ecology.
- High weightage units in UP Board class 12 Biology include Genetics (18 marks), Reproduction (14 marks), Biology and Human Welfare (14 marks), and Ecology & Environment (14 marks).
The syllabus is set in a manner that will enhance understanding of topics like Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biotechnology, Human Welfare, and Ecology, and also emphasizes learning through experiments and viva for practical learning.
The official syllabus of UP Board Class 12 Biology can be downloaded as a PDF file directly from the official UPMSP site syllabus page.
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Key Summary
- The UPMSP Class 12 Biology includes 5 units ( Reproduction; Genetics and Evolution; Biology and Human Welfare; Biotechnology; Ecology and Environment ).
- Marking scheme = 100: Theory 70 = Practical 30; theory time 3 hours.
- The highest theory weightage is in Genetics and Evolution Unit II - give it first priority.
- Official syllabus PDF is available on UPPMS Syllabus Page (consider it as the reference point).
What is the Biology syllabus for UP Board Class 12?
| Units | Chapters |
|---|---|
| Reproduction |
|
| Genetics and Evolution |
|
| Biology in Human Welfare |
|
| Biotechnology and Its Applications |
|
| Ecology and Environment |
|
- UP Board Class 12 Biology Marks Distribution
- UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Chapter Wise
- UP Board Class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus
- UP Board Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern
- UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus Preparation Tips
- UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Previous Year’s Question Papers
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS)
UP Board Class 12 Biology Marks Distribution
According to the UP Board class 12 syllabus released for the 2025-26 session, the examination will continue to follow the same structure, which combines 70 (theory marks) and 30 (practical marks):
| Part | Details | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Theory (70 Marks) | 5 Units (Reproduction, Genetics & Evolution, Biology & Human Welfare, Biotechnology, Ecology & Environment) | 70 |
| Practical (30 Marks) |
| 30 |
| Total | Theory + Practical | 100 |
Source: @upmsp.edu.in
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Chapter Wise
UP Board class 12 chapter wise syllabus is discussed in the tables below.
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Unit 1 Reproduction
| Chapters | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Structure of flower, gametophytes, pollination (types & agents), double fertilisation, endosperm & embryo development, seed & fruit formation, apomixis, polyembryony | 14 |
| Chapter 2. Human Reproduction | Male & female reproductive systems, gametogenesis (spermatogenesis, oogenesis), menstrual cycle, fertilisation, implantation, embryo development, placenta, pregnancy & parturition | |
| Chapter 3. Reproductive Health | Importance of reproductive health, contraception & family planning, MTP, STD prevention, ART (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT) |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Unit 2 Genetics and Evolution
| Chapters | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 4. Heredity & Diversity (Principles of Inheritance & Variation) | Mendel’s experiments & laws, monohybrid & dihybrid crosses, incomplete dominance, codominance, chromosomal theory, linkage & crossing over, sex determination, genetic disorders | 18 |
| Chapter 5. Molecular Basis of Inheritance | DNA structure & replication, RNA types, transcription & translation, genetic code, gene regulation (operon concept), Human Genome Project, DNA fingerprinting | |
| Chapter 6. Evolution | Origin of life theories, Darwin’s natural selection, Modern Synthetic Theory, Hardy–Weinberg principle, genetic drift, speciation, human evolution |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Unit 3 Biology and Human Welfare
| Chapters | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 7. Human Health & Diseases | Infectious diseases (malaria, pneumonia, typhoid, amoebiasis, ascariasis), immunity (innate & acquired), vaccination, cancer, AIDS, drug & alcohol abuse | 14 |
| Chapter 8. Microbes in Human Welfare | Microbes in household products (curd, bread, alcohol), industrial use (antibiotics, enzymes, beverages), sewage treatment, biogas, biofertilisers & biopesticides |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Unit 4 Biotechnology and Its Applications
| Chapters | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 9. Biotechnology: Principles & Processes | Tools of rDNA technology (enzymes, vectors, hosts), processes (isolation, cutting, ligation, transformation), PCR, gel electrophoresis | 10 |
| Chapter 10. Biotechnology and Its Applications | Agricultural applications (Bt cotton, GM crops), medical applications (insulin, gene therapy, vaccines), transgenic animals, ethical issues (biopiracy, biosafety) |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Unit 5 Ecology and Environment
| Chapters | Key Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 11. Organisms and Populations | Organism–environment interactions, adaptations, population attributes (growth models, age pyramid), population interactions (predation, competition, mutualism, etc.) | 14 |
| Chapter 12. Ecosystem (Structure & Function) | Structure & function, productivity, decomposition, nutrient cycling, energy flow, food chains, webs, pyramids, ecological succession, ecosystem services | |
| Chapter 13. Biodiversity and Conservation | Levels, patterns & importance of biodiversity, threats (habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution), conservation strategies (in situ & ex situ), environmental issues (climate change, ozone depletion) |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus
Practical exams for the UP board class 12 Biology exam contain 30 marks and consist of the following:
- Spotting / Observation
- Experiments
- Record and Viva
| Spotting / Observation | slides/models (e.g., T.S. of testis/ovary, blastula, pollination-adapted flowers, microbial specimens). |
|---|---|
| Experiments | observation of meiosis, Mendelian inheritance with seeds, construction of pedigrees, isolation/identification of common pathogens, experiment demonstrating microbe utility (e.g. fermentation tests/antibiotic tests) |
| Record and Viva | observation of meiosis, Mendelian inheritance with seeds, construction of pedigrees, isolation/identification of common pathogens, experiment demonstrating microbe utility (e.g. fermentation tests/antibiotic tests) |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Practical- Marks Distribution
| Component | Marks | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Spotting/Observation | (Part of External 15) | Slides, models (e.g., testis, ovary, blastula, pollination-adapted flowers, pathogens) |
| Major Experiment | 5 | One detailed lab-based procedure (e.g., meiosis observation, pollen germination) |
| Minor Experiment | 4 | A simpler lab task (e.g., DNA isolation, selective breeding or fermentation) |
| Project + Viva | 6 | Investigatory work and oral assessment (e.g., pedigree chart, microbial utility) |
| Total Practical Marks | 30 | Combined external and internal evaluation (15 + 15) |
Note: For the complete official list of practicals and exact spotting topics, please download the board PDF.
UP Board Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern
You need to know the exam pattern before appearing for the exam. 70 marks are for theory, and 30 marks are for practical.
- There is no negative marking in the exam, so you must not skip any question.
- You need to secure at least 23 marks out of 70 in theory in papers like Biology, Physics & Chemistry (which have theory+practical), and 33 in Mathematics, Hindi & English (only theory) to qualify for the exam.
- You will get 3 hours for your theory paper and 3 hours for your practical paper. The exam pattern is presented below for your reference.
There will be two papers for Biology, with each paper carrying 19 questions.
- Paper 1 - Zoology (35 marks - 19 questions)
- Paper 2 - Botany (35 marks - 19 questions)
| Question Type | Number of Questions | Marks per Question | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| MCQ | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| Very Short | 5 | 1 | 5 |
| Short Answer | 8 | 2 | 16 |
| Long Answer | 2 | 5 | 10 |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus Preparation Tips
- Begin with the official PDF- Highlight precise chapters and subtopics.
- High-weight first: Unit II (Genetics and Evolution): has the most marks, spend some more time and practice genetics problems (crosses, pedigrees).
- Diagrams and practical skill: Drawings (labelled) and popular practical demonstrations/labelled drawings fetch marks - practise neat labeled diagrams daily.
- Past papers & model papers: Solve UPMSP model papers to adjust wording and time management.
- Revision notes: Summarize each chapter on one page (key terms, six or eight high-value diagrams, one sample long answer).
- Practical group work: Practice spotting, with peers; make clean, titled practical records.
UP Board Class 12 Biology Exam: Revision Strategy
| Task |
|---|
| Download official UPMSP Class 12 Biology PDF |
| Read unit-wise marks & plan timetable |
| Prepare diagrams & label practice (10/day) |
| Complete listed practicals + record book |
| Solve the last 5 years’ papers + model paper |
| Final revision - 2 weeks: unit-wise short notes |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Previous Year’s Question Papers
| Year | Question Paper PDF |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Download Question paper |
| 2023 | Download Question Papers |
| 2022 | Download Question Papers |
| 2020 | Download Question Papers |
| 2019 | Download Question Papers |
| 2018 | Download Question Papers |
| 2017 | Download Question Papers |
| 2016 | Download Question Papers |
| 2015 | Download Question Papers |
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS)
Ques. How to get the official UP Board Class 12 Biology syllabus PDF?
Ans. To download UP board class 12 Biology syllabus, visit the official syllabus page of the UPMSP website (choose Class 12 → Biology -> Download). The subject PDF is listed on the page of the board. The board page is the main source of use.
Ques. What are the units and chapters in Class 12 Biology (UP Board)?
Ans. The UP board class 12 Biology syllabus is structured into 5 units that comprise 13 chapters overall (unit and chapter breaking may be viewed in the official PDF).
Ques. What is the marks distribution for the UP Board Class 12 Biology syllabus?
Ans. The marks distribution for UP board class 12 biology syllabus comprises theory 70 marks, Practical 30 marks (together = 100). The marks obtained in unit-wise theory are generally: Reproduction 14, Genetics & Evolution 18, Biology and Human Welfare 14, Biotechnology 10, Ecology 14.
Ques. Is the UP Board syllabus going to be decreased this year?
Ans. The official status of the UP board class 12 Biology syllabus is published by the board on the UPMSP site; a number of portals provide a summary of reductions where needed - students should always confirm through the UPMSP PDF (see above).
Ques. Which practicals/spotting topics are mandatory for the UP Board Class 12 biology practical exam syllabus?
Ans. Practicals/spotting topics which are mandatory for UP board class 12 biology practical exam syllabus are as follows: Reproduction spotting (slides/models), reproductive structure observation, meiosis/mitosis slides, pedigree charts, identification of microbes and any other experiment listed on the board. A precise list appears in the official practical section of the pdf.
Ques. What are the passing marks in the UP Board Class 12 Biology exam?
Ans. The UP board class 12 Biology paper in UP Board has a total of 100 marks, and all these marks are split into 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practicals. A student who intends to pass the subject should qualify in each of the parts:
- Theory Paper (70 marks): Minimum 23 marks (33% of 70) should be obtained.
- Practical Exam (30 marks): Students will have to obtain at least 10 marks, which is 30 percent of 30.
This shows that even if a student gets a very high score in theory and fails to meet the minimum in practicals (vice versa) then the student will not be passed in the subject. The two criteria have to be fulfilled separately.
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.
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