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Tissue is a phrase used to describe a group of cells that have a similar form and function. They form a cellular organizational level that sits in the middle of the cell and organ system hierarchy. Tissues are made up of a collection of specialized cells that execute certain tasks. Then the combination of the functional groups of tissues takes place in order to form organs.
Tissues Definition
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Tissue refers to a collection of cells which has similar structures that work together as a unit. The intercellular matrix, a nonliving substance, fills the spaces between the cells which can be present either in abundance or scarcely. Special compounds, such as salts and fibers, may be found in the intercellular matrix, which is unique to a particular tissue and gives it distinct features. Each is made for a specific purpose.
Tissues
Types of Tissues
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There are mainly two types of tissues i.e. animal tissues and plant tissues. These are further classified into different types.
| Animal Tissues |
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| Plant Tissues | Based on parts of plants
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Animal Tissues
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There are four types of animal tissues. Their function differs from one organism to another.
Connective Tissue
- Connective tissues are those tissues that assist in keeping up with the type of the creature's body just as its organs. These tissues additionally offer inward help to the body. They help in holding the organs together.
- They additionally oppose the entering of microbes into the body. These tissues additionally help in the transportation of supplements, chemicals, gases, squanders starting with one section then onto the next piece of the body.
- There are different types of connective tissues, like bone tendons, ligaments, ligaments, and so forth Connective tissues can be additionally partitioned into stringy, liquid, and skeletal connective tissue.
Muscle Tissue
- Muscle tissues aid in the movement of the body, as the name implies. They generate motion and produce force for body movement as well as movement within organs.
- Muscle tissue is divided into three categories: skeletal, cardiac, and visceral or smooth muscle tissue. Muscle tissues' key roles include supporting various body actions such as running, lifting, jumping, picking, and so on.
- They assist in maintaining the body's position and postures. They're linked to both voluntary and involuntary movements. Involuntary muscle tissues perform a critical function in blood pumping and artery control.
Nervous Tissue
- They are the brain and spinal cord's major tissue components of the central nervous system. The cranial nerves and spinal nerves are formed by the help of neural tissue and are present in the peripheral nervous system.
- This tissue is in charge of the body's internal communication network. It is crucial in the information processing process.
- It is also in charge of responding to stimuli and transmitting information inside the body. It aids in the control of an organism's emotions, thinking abilities, and memory.
Epithelial Tissue
- They are made up of cells that line the organ surfaces and cover the external parts of the body organs, such as the skin's surface, the reproductive tract, the airways, and the inner lining of the digestive tract.
- In an organism's body, epithelial tissues serve a critical role. They serve a variety of purposes, including sensory reception, filtration, and a variety of other metabolic tasks. It also aids in the dispersion and secretion of numerous substances.
- Internal organs are also protected by epithelial tissues. Various enzymes, mucus, hormones, and other substances are secreted by these tissues.
Plant Tissues
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Plant tissues have been categorized based on two different criteria. The first one is based on plant sections, while the second is based on cell kinds.
Based on Part of Plants
- Epidermis Tissues are cells that form on the leaf's outermost surface.
- Vascular tissues are responsible for delivering fluid and nutrients.
- Ground Tissue is involved in the production of nutrients through photosynthesis as well as the preservation of nutrients.
Based on Types of Cells
Meristematic Tissue
- This sort of tissue is made up of cells that keep continually dividing themselves, resulting in the plant's length and thickness expanding.
- Meristematic tissues can also be classified according to their location on the plant, functions, origin, and development.
- Apical, Lateral, and Intercalary meristematic tissues are the three types of meristematic tissues.
Permanent Tissue
- These tissues are a collection of cells that share several characteristics, including origin, structure, and function. They aid in the whole development of plants.
- These tissues serve a variety of purposes, including assisting aquatic plants in floating. They also help with carbs, lipids, oils, and protein storage. They are also chloroplast carriers.
- Simple, complex, and secret permanent tissues are the three types of permanent tissues.
Points to Remember
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- Tissues is a part of CBSE class 9 science syllabus.
- It comes under unit 2, Organization in the Living World and carries a total of 4 to 5 marks and 10 to 12 periods.
- Tissues help in the formation of organs.
- They are a group of cells that performs a specific function.
- Tissues help in the transportation of nutrients and messages throughout the body of plants and animals.
- Tissues represent a definite level of organization in the living organisms.
Sample Questions
Ques 1. Which permanent Tissue gives plants their flexibility? (2 marks)
Ans. Plant flexibility is linked to the presence of collenchyma tissue. It is a permanent tissue that both supports and fills blank spaces in plant developing components such as leaves. This tissue's cells have thicker walls. They also assist the plant in gaining structural support because they are robust.
Ques 2. What is the name of the muscle tissue that works without tiring throughout one's life? (1 mark)
Ans. Cardiac muscular tissue
Ques 3. Give an example of plant tissue with dead cells. (1 mark)
Ans. Sclerenchyma
Ques 4. Write down what each bone, cartilage, ligament, and tendon does. (2 marks)
Ans. Bone: It provides structural support for the body and protects critical organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
Cartilage supports numerous bodily components with support, smooth movement, and flexibility.
Ligament: The ligament joins one bone to another and allows for joint movement.
Tendon: It connects muscle to bone and allows bodily components to move.
Ques 5. Give two examples of epithelial tissue's roles in the human body. (2 marks)
Ans. Epithelium protects the underlying structures from injury, bacteria, poisons, and desiccation because it is a surface layer.
It participates in gas exchange in the lungs (between alveoli and blood capillaries) as well as gas and material exchange in tissues (between blood capillaries and tissue fluid).
Ques 6.
- What is the lining of blood vessels made up of?
- What is the lining of the small intestine made up of?
- What is the lining of kidney tubules made up of?
- Where are the epithelial cells with cilia found? (2 marks)
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Ans. a. Squamous epithelium
b. Columnar epithelium
c. Cuboidal epithelium
d. Respiratory tract
Ques 7. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? How are they different from one other ? (3 marks)
Ans. They are known as the complex tissues because they are made up of more than a single tissue.
Difference between xylem and phloem are:
| Xylem | Phloem |
|---|---|
| Mainly have dead cells apart from xylem parenchyma. | Mainly have living cells apart from phloem fibre. |
| Transports minerals and water from the roots to the aerial parts. | Helps in shifting the prepared food from the leaves to storage organs and helps in the growth of the plant body parts. |
Read More: Difference between xylem and phloem
Ques 8. What happens to the cells formed by meristematic tissue? (1 mark)
Ans. The cells formed by meristematic tissue form a permanent tissue because they perform a particular task and lose the ability to divide. This particular procedure of taking up a definite shape, function and size is known as differentiation.
Ques 9. Why is the epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plants? (1 mark)
Ans. The epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plants in order to help them to retain moisture and survive in the harsh environment of the desserts. They don't lose as much water during transpiration as any normal plant.
Ques 10. How are messages conveyed from one place to another within the body? (2 marks)
Ans. Nervous tissues consist of neurons which help in the receiving and transmission of impulses. Neurons are very efficient in getting stimulated and then passing that stimulus very quickly from one place to another inside the body. Impulses can be considered as the passage of all the electrical actions along the axon of a nerve cell.
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