Thermal Properties of Matter: MCQs with Explanation

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Thermal properties of matter exhibit heat conductivity and determine the nature of the matter in presence of heat. Therefore, thermal properties are shown by objects when heat passes through them. 

In thermal properties of matter, Molar specific heat [molar heat capacity (C)] is the same as above Specific Heat, with the only difference being that mass (m) of the substance is replaced by mole (n) of the substance. In the formula, n is the number of moles. The S.I unit for this is J mol-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties of Matter MCQs

Ques: ………….. Is the form of energy transferred between two systems or a system and its surroundings by virtue of temperature difference.

  1. Temperature
  2. Heat
  3. none
  4. Both a and b

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Ans: b-Heat

Explanation: 

ice
Ice water

Consider the example of a glass of ice-cold water left outside on a table on a hot day. After some time the water will warm up. This means that the temperature of the surrounding medium and the ice-cold water are different, heat transfer takes place until the surrounding temperature and system temperature becomes the same. We can also say that heat is the form of energy transferred from one system to another or from system to surrounding by virtue of temperature difference.

Ques: On what scale the temperature is only positive?

  1. Kelvin
  2. Reaumur
  3. Celsius
  4. Fahrenheit

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Ans: a-Kelvin

Explanation: 

temperature
Temperature

The degree of hotness and coldness of the body is the measure of temperature. The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K). On the kelvin scale, the absolute zero temperature is 0 Kelvin (K). we cannot measure temperature below 0 K on kelvin scale. So temperature is only positive on kelvin scale.

Ques: The temperature………. during the melting of solid.

  1. Increases
  2. Decreases
  3. Does not change
  4. Depending on the nature of the solid, it may increase or decrease.

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Ans: c- Does not change

Explanation: Change of state of solid to liquid is called melting. Melting point is the temperature at which solid starts to turn into liquid. The expansion of solid takes place when temperature increases. During the change of state from solid to liquid, all the heat given to solid is used to change the state from solid to liquid. That's why the temperature of the material Does not change.

Ques: What is the relation between Fahrenheit and Celsius?

  1. C = 59(F-32)
  2. C = 95(F-32)
  3. C = 59(32-F)
  4. C = 95(32-F)

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Ans: a- C = 59(F-32)

Explanation: 

temperaure scale

On a celsius scale ice point is taken at 0° and steam point at 100°. The temperature measured on the scale of degree celsius (°C). On the other hand, the thermodynamic scale is also known as the kelvin scale. The temperature measured on this scale is in kelvin (K). 

Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin are related to each other by the following equation:

F-329 = C5 =K-2735

Therefore, 

Relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit,

F-329 = C5 

C= 59(F-32)

Ques: On Fahrenheit Scale what will be the value of 350K?

  1. 150°F
  2. 167°F
  3. 122°F
  4. 170.6°F

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Ans: d- 170.6°F

Explanation: Given, Temperature in Kelvin = 350K

Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin are related to each other by the following equation:

F-329 = C5 =K-2735

Therefore, 

Relation between Kelvin and Fahrenheit,

F-329 = K-2735

F-329 = 350-2735

F-329 = 15.4

F = (15.4 x 9)+32

F = 170.6 °F

Ques: Choose the least thermal conductivity from the following?

  1. Air
  2. Diamond
  3. Water
  4. Iron

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Ans: a- Air

Explanation: Thermal conductivity is the ability of the material to conduct heat. Thermal conductivity is one of the properties of the material and it changes from material to material. It is denoted by ‘K’ and its SI unit is (W/mK). Higher the thermal conductivity indicates the material is good heat conductor and lower the number represents poor heat conductor or insulator 

Therefore, Kair< Kwater< Kiron< Kdiamond

Ques: In severe winters, the surface of the lake is frozen but the water below the surface is still in the liquid form. Why?

  1. Since the surface of the lake and air around is at the same temperature, no heat is lost.
  2. Ice is a bad conductor of heat
  3. None of the above

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Ans: b- ice is the bad conductor of heat

Explanation: Temperature of air changes faster than water. So, in winters air compared to water air cools down faster. As the surface of the water is in contact with air directly, it cools down quickly compared to water at the bottom of the lake. As the temperature falls the source freezes and turns to ice. 

We know the density of water is more than that of ice. So, ice keeps floating on the surface and it gets thicker. Thick ice acts as an insulator between cold air and warm water at the bottom of the surface. Which results in water at the bottom staying liquid. Thus we can say that ice is a bad conductor of heat.

Ques: Charles Law is given by

  1. T = Constant
  2. V = Constant
  3. V/T = Constant
  4. None of the above

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Ans: c- V/T= Constant

Explanation: Charles Law is defined as the volume of the ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure. That is when pressure is held constant, the volume of quantity of gas is related to the temperature as V/T=Constant. So the option c is the correct answer.

Ques: For an Ideal gas Boyle’s law holds…..

  1. Adiabatic process c. Isochoric changes
  2. Isothermal changes d. Isobaric changes

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Ans: b-Isothermal changes

Explanation: Isothermal process is defined as the process in which a system goes into physical changes in which temperature remains constant. In Boyle's law, for ideal gas of given mass, volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at constant temperature.

Therefore, V ∝ 1P or PV = Constant

Therefore, P1V1=P2V2

Therefore, for ideal gas Boyle’s law holds isothermal changes

Ques: 37°C = ……….°F

  1. -92°F
  2. 102°F
  3. c. 100.1°F
  4. d. 98.6°F

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Ans: d-98.6°F

Explanation:

Given, Temperature in Degree celsius = 37°C

Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin are related to each other by the following equation:

F-329 = C5 =K-2735

Therefore, 

Relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit,

F-329 = C5

 F-329 = 375

F-329 = 7.4

F = (7.4 x 9)+32

F = 98.6 °F

Ques: At what temperature Celsius is equal to Fahrenheit?

  1. 40°
  2. -40°
  3. 273°
  4. -273°

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Ans: b-(-40°)

Explanation:

The measurement of the degree of hotness and coldness of the body is called temperature.

Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin are related to each other by the following equation:

F-329 = C5 =K-2735

Therefore, 

Relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit,

F-329 = C5

The temperature should be equal in fahrenheit and celsius

Let, F = C = x

Therefore,

x-329 = x5

x = 59(x-32)

9x = 5x - 160

4x = -160

x = -40°

Therefore, -40°C = -40°F

Ques: Solid is directly converted into gaseous state on heating, this process is called as……….

  1. Condensation
  2. Sublimation
  3. Evaporation
  4. Diffusion

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Ans: b- Sublimation

Explanation:

Sublimation
Sublimation

Sublimation is the process of conversion of solid directly to gaseous state. When the boiling point of a substance is less than the melting point of the substance, sublimation takes place. Heat of sublimation is the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of solid into vapour at a given temperature.

Ques: During the phase change, heat given to the substance is called as……..

  1. Thermal capacity
  2. Latent heat
  3. Specific heat
  4. None of the above

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Ans: b- Latent heat

Explanation: During the phase change, heat given to the substance is called Latent heat. Depending on phase change it can be either latent heat of evaporation or latent heat of fusion. Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to change state from solid to liquid. Latent heat of evaporation is the amount of heat required to change state from liquid to gaseous state. 

Also read:

CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

1.

In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of 6 × 10–3 m2 and the distance between the plates is 3 mm. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor. If this capacitor is connected to a 100 V supply, what is the charge on each plate of the capacitor?

      2.

      Three capacitors each of capacitance 9 pF are connected in series. 

      (a) What is the total capacitance of the combination? 

      (b) What is the potential difference across each capacitor if the combination is connected to a 120 V supply?

          3.
          A capillary tube of radius r is dipped inside a large vessel of water. The mass of water raised above water level is M. If the radius of capillary is doubled, the mass of water inside capillary will be

            • 5M
            • 2M
            • \(\frac M4\)

            • M

            4.

            A tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5cm. The apparent depth of a needle lying at the bottom of the tank is measured by a microscope to be 9.4cm. What is the refractive index of water? If water is replaced by a liquid of refractive index 1.63 up to the same height, by what distance would the microscope have to be moved to focus on the needle again?

                5.
                A series LCR circuit with R = 20 W, L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, what is the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?

                    6.
                    A closely wound solenoid of \(2000 \) turns and area of cross-section \(1.6 × 10^{-4}\  m^2\), carrying a current of \(4.0 \ A\), is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane. 
                    (a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid?
                    (b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of \(7.5 × 10^{-2}\  T\) is set up at an angle of \(30º\) with the axis of the solenoid?

                        CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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