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Protium is a fundamental hydrogen atom with a single proton circled by a single electron. An atom that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is referred to as an isotope of an element. The normal form of hydrogen, known as Protium, is denoted by the letter H. Protium has only one proton and no neutrons. Deuterium differs from an ordinary hydrogen atom in that it has one neutron and one proton in comparison to the more common hydrogen atom that has one proton, one electron, and zero neutrons.
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Key Terms: Protium, Neutrons, Protons, Hydrogen, Isotopes, Isobars, Deuterium, Atomic Mass, Atomic Number
What is Protium?
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Protium is the name given to the hydrogen isotope that is lighter than hydrogen; it bears the chemical formula 1H. The third isotope of hydrogen with a relative mass of order three was discovered after the deuterium was first identified. The several potential forms of each element are known as isotopes. Atoms of the same elements might have different numbers of neutrons. Every isotope has the same amount of protons and electrons because these particles characterize the element and dictate its chemical behaviour.
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The element symbol of an isotope is basically given as follows:
AEZ
Where
- Z = number of electrons = number of protons = atomic number
- A = number of protons + number of neutrons = mass number
The shorthand writing of the element symbol for the protium is 1H1
Protium
Read More: Difference between Atomic Mass and Atomic Number
Structure of Protium
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The most prevalent isotope of hydrogen, usually known as a hydrogen atom, is protium. An atom of the chemical element hydrogen is referred to as a hydrogen atom. One positively charged proton and one negatively charged electron, which are held to the nucleus by the coulomb force, make up the electrically neutral atom. Protium, often known as hydrogen-1 or "light hydrogen," is the most common isotope of hydrogen. Other hydrogen isotopes, including deuterium, have one or more neutrons.
Protium on the Periodic Table
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In the long version of the periodic table, hydrogen is likewise arranged among the group 1 elements, but it is somewhat separated to highlight its unique characteristics and support Mendeleev's theories.
The letter H can be used to denote proton. Protium is described as having an atomic number of one and a mass number of 1. Additionally, it has one proton in its nucleus and one electron in its 1s orbital. Furthermore, 99.985 per cent of this isotope is included in the naturally occurring hydrogen.
Because every hydrogen isotope has one proton, they all lie in the same precise spot in the periodic table. The same electrical arrangement explains why their chemical behaviour is the same. They differ, however, in their mass-dependent physical characteristics.
Isotopes of Hydrogen
Read More: Periodic Properties Of Elements
Atomic and Physical Properties of Protium
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The following list includes some of the atomic and structural properties of protium.
| Property | Protium |
| Melting point/K | 13.957 |
| Boiling point/K | 20.39 |
| Relative atomic mass/g mol-1 | 1.007825 |
| Enthalpy of vaporization /kJ mol-1 | 0.904 |
| Enthalpy of fusion /kJ mol-1 | 0.117 |
| Density /g L-1 | 0.09 |
| Critical pressure/bar | 12.98 |
| Critical temperature/K | 33.19 |
| Nuclear spin quantum number | 1/2 |
| Enthalpy of dissociation/kJ mol-1 | 435.9 |
Protons vs Protium
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Protium, another term for hydrogen-1, is occasionally used to refer to hydrogen molecules or atoms in which the nuclei are protons. This serves to distinguish it from deuterium, which has atoms with hydrogen-2, proton, and neutron nuclei. (Or tritium, a hydrogen-3 nucleus with two neutrons; tritium is also radioactive.) The hydrogen nuclei without an associated electron are referred to as protons.
Read More: What is Radioactivity?
Things To Remember
- The most prevalent isotope of the hydrogen element, hydrogen-1, or protium, has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons.
- It is the lighter isotope of hydrogen and has the chemical symbol H.
- Both the atomic number and mass number of protium is 1.
- Naturally occurring hydrogen has around 99.985% of the protium isotope.
- Protium can be referred to as a selective “proton pump inhibitor,” a medication that reduces the amount of stomach acid produced.
Important PYQs Based On Protium
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Sample Questions
Ques. What is the use of protium? (3 Marks)
Ans. Pantoprazole is recommended as a medication when we have gastritis or any other issues relating to the stomach. Protium is one of the active ingredients in this medication. As a selective proton pump inhibitor, it can be referred to as a drug that lessens the quantity of hydrochloric acid released by the stomach. Therefore, Protium is utilized to treat any conditions caused by stomach or intestine acid.
Ques. Where is protium found in nature? (3 Marks)
Ans. An isotope of hydrogen without neutrons, but with one proton and one electron, is called protium. One may say that the most prevalent type of hydrogen is protium. It is widely distributed throughout the Earth's crust, which makes up nearly 99.9% of its makeup. Protons or positive ions are absent from protons. However, a proton and a neutron are present in the deuteron.
Ques. Is protium abundant and where is it found? (3 Marks)
Ans. The most prevalent isotope of hydrogen, proton, is plentiful in the crust of the world. Ninety-nine per cent of the crust contains it. The word proton refers to the single proton present in the nucleus. The proton is a stable isotope that does not decay. It is situated nearby where Hydrogen is also found.
Ques. Where is tritium from? (3 Marks)
Ans. Tritium is a naturally occurring radioactive form of hydrogen that is created in the atmosphere when cosmic rays collide with air molecules. Tritium is therefore found in groundwater at extremely low or trace levels all over the world. Additionally, this is a by-product of nuclear power reactors that generate energy.
Ques. What is protium made from? (3 Marks)
Ans. One proton and one electron make up the isotope of hydrogen known as protium. It is the form of hydrogen that is most prevalent. About 99.9% of this isotope is found in the crust of the planet. The nucleus of protons lacks neutrons.
Ques. What atom is protium linked to? (3 Marks)
Ans. Protium is the most prevalent isotope of hydrogen (a hydrogen atom). A hydrogen atom can be defined as an atom of the chemical element hydrogen. The solitary positively charged proton and the single negatively charged electron in the electrically neutral atom are held to the nucleus by the coulomb force.
Ques. What are Isotopes and what is their element symbol? (3 Marks)
Ans. Isotopes can be defined as the different possible versions of each element. In isotopes, the numbers of protons and electrons are the same, as they define the element and its chemical behaviour.
The element symbol of an isotope is given in the following manner:
AEZ
Where
- A = number of neutrons + number of protons = mass number
- Z = number of electrons = number of protons = atomic number
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