Morphology of flowering plants MCQs

Ans: a) Potato

Explanation: Here, the potato is the edible underground stem. Modified stems are located below the ground in the form of bulbs, corms, tubers, and rhizomes. Carrots and sweet potatoes are root modifications. Seeds are the edible part of groundnut. Other edible underground stems are ginger, yam, taro, and onion.

Ans: a) Groundnut

Explanation: Geocarpic fruits are formed due to the bending of the parent plant after flowering. These fruits are formed under the soil. This type of fruit is prevalent in East African regions and grows in rapid thawing or freezing soil surfaces. Here, groundnut gets mature inside the soil. Watermelon ripens above the soil, onion is a bulb, and carrot is a root.

Ans: b) Adventitious root

Explanation: Adventitious roots develop from any part of the plant, such as the stem, tubers, leaves, etc. Therefore, these roots are preferred in vegetative propagation. These roots develop under stress conditions such as drought, absence of minerals, or physical wounds. Examples of this type of root are oak, beetle, and banyan trees.

Ans: c) Napiform

Explanation: The basal part of the napiform is swollen is globular or spherical and tapers towards the apex. This tapering at the apex gives a top-shaped appearance. For example, beetroot and turnip. An example of a conical root is a carrot, the fusiform root is a radish, and the prop root is a banyan tree.

Ans: d) Moniliform

Explanation: Moniliform, also known as beaded roots, are swollen at regular intervals, and appear like a bead. Grasses and bitter gourds are examples of moniliform. This is a form of the adventitious root. Adventitious roots are helpful in storage, nutrition, and respiration. Adventitious roots can be nodulose, tuberous, fasciculated, or moniliform.

Ans: c) Pneumatophores

Explanation: Pneumatophores are found in plants growing in swamps such as Rhizophora. These roots are called breathing roots to help in gaseous exchange. These types of roots grow vertically upwards. This type of root is seen in marshy, swampy areas and mangroves.

Ans: a) Corm

Explanation: Corm is a short and vertical underground stem. It is the modification of the stem to store food. For example, Colocasia and saffron. In contrast, rhizomes are modified stems that grow horizontally to store food, like turmeric and ginger. A tuber is swollen due to starch and protein accumulation, as in a potato. Onion is an example of the bulb which gives rise to a new plant on the lower side of the fleshy leaf.

Ans: c) Opuntia

Explanation: Opuntia has leaves modified into sharp and pointed spines. Since opuntia is a xerophytic plant, it grows in the desert and has very limited access to water. Therefore, these spines help in the photosynthesis and protection of the plant. These leaf-like stems perform photosynthesis.

Ans: d) All the above

Explanation: The veins of the leaves transport water and minerals throughout the leaves and to all parts of the plant. They also transport organic nutrients and food. The veins help maintain the leaf’s water status and provide mechanical support to the leaf. Also, it helps in the capacity of photosynthesis.

Ans: a) Phylloclade

Explanation: Phylloclade is the flattened stem that performs the function of a leaf. It is the modified stem. Here, the leaves are modified into spines. Phylloclade becomes thick and fleshy succulent to perform the photosynthesis process. The primary function is to protect the plant from external injury.

Ans: a) Brassica

Explanation: Radial symmetry indicates that all petals are identical in shape and size. Any vertical plane can divide the flower into two equal vertical halves. This type of symmetry is found in cyclic flowers known to be brassica. Bilaterally symmetrical flowers are called zygomorphic. In bilaterally symmetrical flowers, the flower is cut into two halves by one vertical plane.

Ans: c) Endosperm

Explanation: The edible part of the coconut is the seed. Seed or endosperm is white in mature coconut. This is cellular and opaque. Also, in green coconut water, the endosperm is nuclear. Mesoderm is the fibrous part, and endoderm is the hard or stony layer of the coconut.

Ans: b) Sepals and petals

Explanation: Non-essential parts of flowers are not directly involved in the sexual reproduction process. Also, these do not include in gametes formation. Sepals are the whorls of the calyx, and petals are the corolla of the flower. The primary function of sepals is the protection of the flower. Corolla attracts pollinators for pollination.

Ans: d) Brassicaceae

Explanation: In Brassicaceae, there are a total of 6 stamens which are arranged in two whorls. The four inner stamens are long, while the outer two stamens are short. These stamens are free, introrse, and basifixed. The inner four stamens are tetradynamous. The mustard family is also known as Brassicaceae.

Ans: c) Composite fruit

Explanation: Composite fruit is the type of fruit developed from the condensed inflorescence. Both etaerio and aggregate fruits are formed from a single flower’s polycarpellary apocarpous gynoecium. Also, simple fruit is developed from the single ovary of a single flower. Sorosis type of composite fruit is developed from spikes, spades, or catkins inflorescences. Sycosis type of composite fruit is developed from hypanthium inflorescence.

Ans: b) Samara

Explanation: Samara is a type of achene fruit with a winged single seed. These winged structures help in the dispersion of seeds. The nut encloses the seed, which is the indehiscent fruit. Cypsela has a hair-like projection that helps in the disposal by air. These hair-like projections are called pappus.

Ans: d) Tomato

Explanation: The pericarp is the fruit wall developed from the ovary walls, whereas the placenta is the connecting tissue. Placenta supplies nutrition to the embryo. Tomato is rich in lycopene, and every part is edible except the small seeds.

Ans: a) Outer Integument

Explanation: Outer Integument is the location for the development of the Testa of the seed. The seed starts developing from the ovule only after complete fertilization. It has a strong coat, or, the testa which encloses the embryo. This consists of the plumule, radicle or even cotyledons. 

Ans: c) Brassicaceae

Explanation: Brassicaceae is where the replum is found in the ovary. In simple terms, Replum is basically a false septum that is structured mainly because of the ingrowth of the parietal placenta. This further aids the ovary to become bilocular. In general, this is seen in the ovary of the Brassicaceae family, like mustard.

Ans: d) All of the above

Explanation: Simply, plant veins provide structure and also similarly facilitate the leaves of a plant. Besides, it also facilitates the transmission of important nutrients, water and energy around the plant. All of the processes are equally important for the survival of leaves. As much as mechanical support is important, the transmission of nutrients and water is vital too.

Ans: b) Papilionaceae

Explanation: Vexillary aestivation can be distinguished by the largest petal known as standard or vexillum which usually overlaps with two lateral petals widely referred to by many as wings. The two innermost arranged petals, however, are generally recognized by the name of keels. It is a characteristic feature of the family of Papilionaceae.

Ans: b) Root

Explanation: The root of a flowering plant is a brown, tendril-like part of the plant axis. It is usually located in the descending part of the flowering plants. One of the major functions of roots is absorbing nutrients from the soil and transferring them around the plant during the process to expedite growth.

Ans: d) Stem

Explanation: Stems of a flowering plant are part of the shoot system and generally belong in the aerial part of the plant. The major function of the stem in flowering plants is to provide support and help the production of different other lateral appendages – much like its flowers and fruits.

Ans: c) Leaves

Explanation: Leaves in flowering parts are flattened, thinly elongated, greenish structures which are typically found attached at the node of the stem. It is usually in the shape of a curved blade that helps plants in the process of transpiration and photosynthesis. It is one of the major components that help the survival of plants.

Ans: b) Phylloclades

Explanation: A phylloclade is a flat photosynthetic stem or branch performing the function of a leaf.

Ans: a) Internode

Explanation: Axil is the part between the upper angle of a leaf stalk and the stem from which it is growing.

• The internode is the portion of stem present between two nodes.
• The axillary bud is located in the axil of a leaf.
• The apical bud is the primary growing point at the tip of the stem.

Ans: a) Petals

Explanation: The outer whorl of a flower is known as the calyx. It consists of sepals. The second whorl of a flower, the corolla consists of petals. Stamen has the male reproductive part and carpels has the female reproductive parts of the flower.

Ans: a) Syncarpous

Explanation: Gynoecium with fused carpels is known as syncarpous. The term is used for the flower with reference to the fused carpels or pistils in the gynoecium of that flower.

Ans: a) Syncarpous

Explanation: Gynoecium with fused carpels is known as syncarpous. The term is used for the flower with reference to the fused carpels or pistils in the gynoecium of that flower.

Ans: a) Aestivation

Explanation: Vernation is the arrangement of young foliage leaves in a bud.

• The arrangement of floral leaves is known as aestivation. 
• The arrangement of leaves in a vegetative bud is called prefoliation.
• The folding of each individual leaf is known as ptyxis.