Chemical Coordination and Integration MCQ

Answer: ADH

Explanation: An osmotic gradient spanning from the cortico-medullary boundary to the inner medullary tip is generated by the renal medulla, which creates concentrated urine. At the moment of urine generation, the ADH hormone regulates the absorption of water from the renal tubules. As a result, ADH controls urine concentration.

Answer: Loss of cell-mediated immunity

Explanation: The thymus, which is located near the heart, serves as a "schoolhouse" for immune cells. T cells, white blood cells that fight infection, are trained when cells pass through the thymus. Because a person without a thymus does not manufacture these T cells, he or she is at a higher risk of infection.

Answer: Glucocorticoid

Explanation: The adrenal glands produce and release glucocorticoids (cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rats) in a circadian way in response to physiological stimuli and stress. In humans, the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids such cortisol and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone (ALDO) and a little quantity of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

Answer: Iodine

Explanation: A deficiency of iodine in the diet is the most common cause of goitres globally. Goitres are caused by illnesses that disrupt thyroid function or variables that affect thyroid growth in the United States, where iodized salt is widely used.

Answer: Anabolic Steroids

Explanation: The most commonly misunderstood APED is anabolic-androgenic steroids, also known as "anabolic steroids," "steroids," or "androgens." These are synthetic chemicals that are similar to testosterone, the male sex hormone. Anabolic steroids replicate the impact of naturally produced testosterone on the body, causing muscular tissue to expand and "bulk up" in response to training.

Answer: Calcitonin

Explanation: The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). Its major effect is to mobilise calcium from the bones and enhance phosphate excretion in the urine. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol is a steroid hormone produced in the liver and kidneys from vitamin D. Calcitonin is a 32-amino-acid peptide hormone produced in the ultimo pharyngeal body of humans and many other species by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid gland. It inhibits the effects of parathyroid hormone by lowering blood calcium (Ca2+) (PTH).

Answer: Pheromone

Explanation: A pheromone (from Ancient Greek (phér) 'to bear,' and hormone) is a chemical component generated or expelled by members of the same species that causes them to react socially. Alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and a variety of other pheromones influence behavior and physiology.

Answer: Gigantism

Explanation: Your bones develop in size when you have too much growth hormone. Gigantism is a rare illness that causes children to grow abnormally. This alteration is most noticeable in terms of height, although girth is also altered. It happens when your child's pituitary gland produces too much somatotropin or growth hormone.

Answer: Decreased Thyroid function

Explanation: When the prevalence of thyroid enlargement in a population exceeds 10%, it is known as endemic goitre. Iodine deficiency, together with other goitrogenic variables that are generally present and responsible for sporadic goitre, is the most common cause. Due to this, the function of the thyroid gland decreases.

Answer: Pancreas

Explanation: Glucagon, a hormone released by the endocrine pancreas' alpha cells, is essential for blood glucose control. It's insulin's main rival, and it's secreted in response to hypoglycemia to increase hepatic glucose output. It is the body's principal catabolic hormone, increasing the levels of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream.

Answer: Leptin

Explanation: Leptin, and ghrelin are two hormones that are known to have a significant impact on energy balance. Leptin is a long-term modulator of energy balance regulation, reducing food intake and causing weight loss. Leptin does not change food intake from one meal to the next, but it does affect food intake and energy expenditure over time.

Answer: Glucagon

Explanation: Glucagon, a hormone released by the endocrine pancreas' alpha cells, is essential for blood glucose control. It's insulin's main rival, and it's secreted in response to hypoglycemia to increase hepatic glucose output.

Answer: Insulin

Explanation: The pancreatic beta cells are endocrine cells that synthesise, store, and release insulin, an anti-hyperglycemic hormone that works in opposition to glucagon, growth hormone, glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and other hyperglycemic hormones to keep blood glucose levels within a narrow physiologic range.

Answer: Regulation of diurnal cycle

Explanation: The regulation of basal metabolic rate is dependent on thyroid hormones. It also aids erythropoiesis and keeps the body's water and electrolyte balance in check. The diurnal cycle, on the other hand, is regulated by the pineal gland. Thyroid hormones influence weight loss and gain by controlling the rate at which calories are burnt. The heartbeat can be slowed or sped up.

Answer: thyroid gland

Explanation: The thyroid gland produces TCT, also known as thyrocalcitonin, along with thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Thyrocalcitonin is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood. Thyrocalcitonin is a protein hormone.

Answer: 4

Explanation: The human body has four parathyroid glands. On the backside of the thyroid glands, they can be found. The thyroid gland is divided into two lobes. The parathyroid glands are found in each lobe of the thyroid gland.

Answer: Reduces calcium ion reabsorption from digested food

Explanation: The parathyroid gland produces PTH or parathyroid hormone. Along with thyrocalcitonin, it is vital for controlling blood calcium levels. Calcium ion absorption from digested food is increased by PTH.

Answer: Lobular

Explanation: The thymus is a lymphatic system organ found behind the sternum in the chest (breastbone). The thymus gland has a lobular shape. The thymus contributes to the immune system by producing T cells, which are lymphocytes. These cells search for and eliminate pathogens in the bloodstream, such as bacteria.

Answer: It is intact for persons of all ages

Explanation: Between the lungs and behind the sternum is the thymus, an endocrine gland. Thymosin is secreted, and T-lymphocyte differentiation takes place here. It encourages the synthesis of antibodies. The thymus, on the other hand, degenerates in older people.

Answer: Above the kidneys

Explanation: Just above the kidneys are the adrenal glands. It has a pyramidal form to it. The thyroid gland is found around the trachea, the thymus between the lungs, and the pituitary gland at the base of the hypothalamus.

Answer: Adrenal gland

Explanation: A kidney with a pyramidal structure above it is depicted in the illustration. This is an endocrine gland, the adrenal gland. The outer cortex and the inner medulla are the two components of the adrenal gland.

Answer: Epinephrine

Explanation: Epinephrine, often known as adrenaline, is a stress hormone that is rapidly released in stressful or emergency conditions, such as when a man is chased by a dog. The adrenal cortex produces this hormone.

Answer: Glycogen formation

Explanation: Epinephrine, often known as adrenaline, is a stress hormone that is rapidly released in stressful or emergency conditions, such as when a man is chased by a dog. The adrenal cortex produces this hormone.

Answer: Glucose

Explanation: A catecholamine, or emergency hormone, is norepinephrine. During stressful situations, it is secreted. To elevate blood glucose levels, glycogen, lipids, and proteins are broken down. It does not affect glucose breakdown.

Answer: Zona glomerulosa

Explanation: The inner layer, known as the zona reticularis, the middle layer, known as the zona fasciculata, and the outside layer, known as the zona glomerulosa, are the three layers that make up the adrenal cortex. In females, the zona pellucida is a coating that surrounds the ovum.