NEET 2025: Syllabus Finalized by UGMEB and NMC; Download PDF Here

Physics and Measurement

Units of measurement, System of Units, SI Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

Kinematics

Frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position-time graph, speed, and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed, instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit vector, Resolution of a vector. Relative velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile motion, Uniform circular motion.

Laws of Motion

Force and inertia, Newton’s First Law, Momentum, Newton’s Second Law, Impulse, Newton’s Third Law, Conservation of linear momentum, applications, and Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, Dynamics of uniform circular motion, Centripetal force, applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.

Work, Energy, and Power

Work done by constant/variable force, kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power, Potential energy of spring, Conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle, Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Rotational Motion

Centre of mass of two-particle system and rigid body, Basic concepts of rotational motion, moment of force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and applications, Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Gravitation

Universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity, its variation with altitude and depth, Kepler’s laws, Gravitational potential energy, potential, Escape velocity, motion of satellites, orbital velocity, time period, and energy of a satellite.

Properties of Solids and Liquids

Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, Pressure due to fluid column, Pascal's law, gravity effect on fluid pressure. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline, turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli’s principle, Surface tension, excess pressure, applications in drops and bubbles, heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation).

Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law, heat, work, internal energy, First law of thermodynamics, isothermal, adiabatic processes, Second law of thermodynamics, reversible/irreversible processes.

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Equation of state, work on compressing gas, assumptions, pressure concept, RMS speed, Degrees of freedom, Equipartition of energy, specific heat capacities, Mean free path, Avogadro's number.

Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations, periodic motion, SHM, energy in SHM, Simple pendulum, wave motion, longitudinal/transverse waves, displacement in progressive wave, superposition principle, reflection, standing waves, harmonics, beats.

Electrostatics

Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Dipole, Torque, Gauss’s law, Electric potential, Potential energy, Equipotential surfaces, Capacitors, dielectric effects, energy stored in capacitors.

Current Electricity

Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm's law, V-I characteristics, resistance, power, resistivity, cells (series/parallel), Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone and Metre Bridge.

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, force on moving charges and conductors, galvanometers, magnetic dipoles, torque, ferromagnetism, temperature effects.

Electromagnetic Induction and AC

Faraday's law, Lenz’s law, Eddy currents, self/mutual inductance, AC circuits (RMS, peak values), resonance, transformers, AC generators.

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current, transverse nature, electromagnetic spectrum, applications.

Optics

Reflection, Refraction, Total internal reflection, Lens formula, prism, telescope, wavefront, interference, diffraction, polarization.

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s equation, de Broglie relation.

Atoms and Nuclei

Rutherford/Bohr models, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum, nuclear fission/fusion.

Electronic Devices

Semiconductors, diodes (forward/reverse bias), LEDs, photodiodes, Zener diode (voltage regulator), Logic gates.

Experimental Skills

Experiments: Vernier calipers, screw gauge, pendulum, Young’s modulus, surface tension, viscosity, specific heat, resistivity, focal length, etc.

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory, concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound. Laws of chemical combination, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, chemical equations, and stoichiometry.

Atomic Structure

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect, spectrum of hydrogen atom. Bohr model, its postulates, energy relations, limitations. Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of the atom, atomic orbitals, quantum numbers, and electronic configuration.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Kossel-Lewis approach, ionic and covalent bonding. Lattice enthalpy, Fajan’s rule, VSEPR theory, hybridization, resonance, molecular orbital theory, metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding, and its applications.

Chemical Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic systems, first and second laws of thermodynamics, heat, work, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, Hess's law, and spontaneity of reactions.

Solutions

Concentration terms (molarity, molality, etc.), Raoult's law, colligative properties, abnormal molar masses, and van’t Hoff factor.

Equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, pH scale, solubility product, common ion effect, and buffer solutions.

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Oxidation and reduction concepts, redox reactions, electrochemical cells, conductance, Nernst equation, electrode potential, and applications of electrochemistry.

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reactions, factors affecting reaction rates, order and molecularity, rate law, zero and first-order reactions, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, and collision theory.

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modern periodic law, periodic trends (atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy), oxidation states, and reactivity trends.

P-Block Elements

Group 13-18 elements, general trends in physical and chemical properties, unique behavior of the first elements in each group.

D- and F-Block Elements

Transition elements, lanthanoids, and actinoids: properties, electronic configurations, oxidation states, and specific compounds like K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.

Coordination Compounds

Werner's theory, ligands, coordination numbers, IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, valence bond and crystal field theories, and applications in biological systems.

Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds

Methods like crystallization, sublimation, chromatography, qualitative and quantitative analyses, and empirical/molecular formula calculations.

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Tetravalency of carbon, hybridization, isomerism, nomenclature, types of organic reactions, and electronic effects in covalent bonds (inductive, resonance, hyperconjugation).

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons: preparation, properties, reactions (e.g., halogenation, polymerization), and mechanisms.

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

Preparation, properties, reactions, environmental effects of compounds like chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT.

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

Alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids: preparation, properties, reactions, and specific tests.

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines, diazonium salts: preparation, properties, reactions, and uses in synthetic organic chemistry.

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, vitamins, and hormones: structure, classification, and biological functions.

Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

Detection of elements and functional groups, titrimetric and qualitative salt analysis, preparation of inorganic and organic compounds, and experiments like enthalpy studies and reaction kinetics.

1

Diversity in Living World

What is living? Biodiversity, Need for classification, Taxonomy & Systematics, Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy, Binomial nomenclature

Five kingdom classification; salient features of Monera, Protista, and Fungi; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids

Salient features and classification of plants (Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms)

Salient features and classification of animals (Nonchordates to phyla, Chordates to classes)

2

Structural Organisation in Animals & Plants

Morphology, modifications, tissues, and anatomy of flowering plant parts (root, stem, leaf, etc.) and family study (Malvaceae, Cruciferae, etc.)

Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy, and functions of systems in an insect (Frog): Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive

3

Cell Structure and Function

Cell theory; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell structures

Cell organelles: Endomembrane system, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies, cytoskeleton

Biomolecules; Enzymes (classification, nomenclature); Cell division (mitosis, meiosis)

4

Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis (site, pigments, pathways, factors); Respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETS); ATP molecules

Plant growth and development; Growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA)

5

Human Physiology

Breathing & Respiration (organs, mechanisms, disorders); Circulation (blood composition, heart structure, ECG, disorders)

Excretion (types, human excretory system, regulation, disorders); Locomotion (muscle contraction, skeletal system, disorders)

Neural coordination (nervous system, nerve impulse conduction); Endocrine coordination (glands, hormones, disorders)

6

Reproduction

Flowering plants: Flower structure, Pollination, Double fertilization, Seed/fruit development, Apomixis

Human reproduction (male/female systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, pregnancy); Reproductive health (STDs, contraception, IVF)

7

Genetics and Evolution

Heredity (Mendelian inheritance, blood groups, sex-linked inheritance, Mendelian disorders)

Molecular basis (DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation); Human genome project, DNA fingerprinting

Evolution (origin of life, theories, selection mechanisms, Hardy-Weinberg principle, human evolution)

8

Biology and Human Welfare

Health & Disease (pathogens, diseases, vaccines, cancer, drug abuse); Microbes (food processing, biocontrol, biofertilizers)

9

Biotechnology and Its Applications

Principles of Biotechnology (recombinant DNA technology); Applications in health and agriculture (insulin, GMOs, biosafety issues)

10

Ecology and Environment

Organisms & Environment (population interactions, attributes); Ecosystems (patterns, energy flow, pyramids)

Biodiversity (importance, loss, conservation methods, hotspots, endangered organisms, National parks)