Bihar Board 12 English - 305-330 - Set-H 2025 Question Paper with Solutions PDF

Step 1: Contextual Analysis.

The preposition "at" is used when referring to someone's proficiency or skill in a particular subject or activity. In this case, the correct phrase is "good at" followed by the subject, in this case, "English."


Step 2: Conclusion.

Hence, the correct answer is (C) at.
Quick Tip: Use "good at" to describe proficiency in a skill or activity.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

The sentence is talking about someone's behavior, and the adjective "friendly" describes a pleasant and approachable manner. Other options like "manly" or "sickly" don't fit in this context.


Step 2: Conclusion.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A) friendly.
Quick Tip: Use "friendly" to describe someone who behaves in a kind and pleasant manner.

Step 1: Understanding the Comparison.

When comparing two things, the correct structure is "more" + adjective, as in "more beautiful." The word "far" can emphasize the degree of difference, but it doesn't change the comparative structure.


Step 2: Conclusion.

Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Sangita is far more beautiful than her friend.
Quick Tip: Use "more" for comparative adjectives when comparing two things, and "most" for superlative adjectives when comparing three or more.

Step 1: Subject-Verb Agreement.

The subject "a lot of energy" is singular, so the verb should be in the singular form "was."


Step 2: Conclusion.

Hence, the correct answer is (A) was.
Quick Tip: When the subject is singular (like "a lot of energy"), use the singular form of the verb (was).

Step 1: Prepositional Phrase.

The correct preposition to use with "haste" is "in," as we say "in haste" to describe something done quickly.


Step 2: Conclusion.

Therefore, the correct answer is (D) in.
Quick Tip: Use "in haste" to describe an action done quickly or with urgency.

Step 1: Correct Spelling.

The correct spelling of the word is "harmony," meaning agreement or balance. The other options are incorrect spellings.


Step 2: Conclusion.

Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Harmony.
Quick Tip: The correct spelling is "harmony," which refers to peaceful coexistence or agreement.

Step 1: Idiomatic Expression.

The correct phrase is "Look before you leap," which is an idiomatic expression meaning to consider the consequences before acting.


Step 2: Conclusion.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A) Look.
Quick Tip: "Look before you leap" is an idiom meaning to think before making decisions.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

The sentence describes something that remains open, which implies that it is still unresolved. The word "completely" is the correct adverb to modify the adjective "open," indicating that the question remains fully or entirely open.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) complete: "Complete" is an adjective, but we need an adverb to modify "open." Therefore, this option is incorrect.

- (B) to complete: "To complete" is an infinitive form and doesn't fit grammatically in this sentence.

- (C) completely: This is the correct adverb form to modify "open" and makes the sentence grammatically correct.

- (D) completly: This is a misspelling of "completely."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) completely, as it appropriately modifies the adjective "open."
Quick Tip: Use adverbs like "completely" to modify adjectives (like "open") when describing how fully something is in a state.

Step 1: Understanding the Phrase.

The sentence is a general statement about all roses, indicating that every rose has a thorn. The correct phrase is "Neither" as it negates the notion of roses being without thorns, implying no exception.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) Every: "Every" would indicate that all roses have thorns, but the sentence structure suggests a universal statement, so this doesn't fit.

- (B) Either: "Either" suggests a choice, which doesn't make sense in this context, as all roses inherently have thorns.

- (C) None: "None" would imply that roses don't have thorns at all, which contradicts the saying.

- (D) Neither: "Neither" is the correct choice as it is used in the idiomatic expression "Every rose has a thorn," meaning no rose is an exception.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) Neither, as it fits the common expression and negates any exceptions.
Quick Tip: Use "neither" in phrases like "Neither rose has a thorn" to emphasize no exceptions in a general statement.

Step 1: Contextual Analysis.

The sentence is asking about a person’s knowledge of someone, so the question word "Who" is appropriate because we use "Who" to inquire about people.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) What: "What" is used to inquire about things, not people.

- (B) When: "When" asks for a time, but this doesn't fit with the context of knowing someone.

- (C) Who: "Who" is the correct question word when asking about people.

- (D) Where: "Where" is used to ask about locations, so it is not relevant here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Who, as it is the appropriate question word for asking about people.
Quick Tip: Use "Who" when inquiring about people in questions.

Step 1: Understanding the Idiom.

The correct phrasal verb in this context is "backed out," which means to withdraw from an agreement or commitment, especially at the last moment.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) back up: "Back up" means to support or move backwards, which doesn't fit here.

- (B) bank on: "Bank on" means to rely on something, not to withdraw from a deal.

- (C) backed out: "Backed out" is the correct phrasal verb meaning to withdraw from an agreement.

- (D) broke away: "Broke away" refers to escaping or separating, which doesn't fit the context of the deal.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) backed out, as it accurately describes withdrawing from the deal at the last moment.
Quick Tip: "Backed out" is commonly used to describe withdrawing from a commitment or deal, especially at the last moment.

Step 1: Understanding the Comparison.

The word "fewer" is used when comparing countable nouns, such as days. February has fewer days than March, so "fewer" is the correct choice.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) less: "Less" is used for uncountable nouns, not for countable ones like days.

- (B) little: "Little" is used to refer to uncountable nouns, so it is incorrect here.

- (C) fewer: "Fewer" is the correct comparative form for countable nouns, like days.

- (D) any: "Any" is used in different contexts, often for questions or negative sentences, and doesn't fit here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) fewer, as it is used to compare countable nouns.
Quick Tip: Use "fewer" to compare countable nouns (e.g., days, apples), and "less" for uncountable nouns (e.g., water, money).

Step 1: Understanding the Condition.

The sentence describes a condition that may happen in the future, which requires the use of the simple present tense to indicate a general condition. "Rains" is the correct choice here.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) has rain: "Has rain" is incorrect because "has" is a present tense verb that doesn't fit with "in case."

- (B) raining: "Raining" is a present continuous tense, but we need the simple present to describe general conditions.

- (C) rains: "Rains" is the correct simple present tense, used for conditional sentences.

- (D) rained: "Rained" is in the past tense, which doesn't fit in this context.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) rains, as it properly expresses a condition that may happen in the future.
Quick Tip: Use the simple present tense (rains) for conditional situations like "in case."

Step 1: Analyzing the Context.

The sentence expresses a strong recommendation or necessity, and the modal verb "should" is used to indicate an obligation or suggestion.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) may: "May" is used for permission or possibility, not for obligation.

- (B) should: "Should" expresses a strong recommendation or duty, making it the most appropriate choice.

- (C) might: "Might" expresses a weaker possibility and is not suitable in this context.

- (D) could: "Could" expresses ability or possibility, not obligation.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) should, as it expresses the duty to keep the colonies clean.
Quick Tip: Use "should" to express obligation or strong advice.

Step 1: Analyzing the Sentence Structure.

The correct structure to indicate contrast in this situation is "yet," which shows that despite being ill, Rani is still working hard.


Step 2: Analysis of options.

- (A) Rani is ill and working hard: This sentence implies no contrast between the two actions. It doesn't express the idea of overcoming an obstacle.

- (B) Rani is ill yet she is working hard: "Yet" introduces the contrast, correctly showing that Rani is working hard despite being ill.

- (C) Ill is Rani but working hard: This structure is grammatically incorrect and confusing.

- (D) Working hard is Rani and she is ill: This structure is awkward and not commonly used.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) Rani is ill yet she is working hard, as it conveys the contrast between her illness and her effort.
Quick Tip: Use "yet" to show contrast between two opposing ideas or actions.

Step 1: Identifying the Correct Spelling.

The word "Transformation" is the correct spelling, which refers to a marked change in form, nature, or appearance.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Transformation: This is the correct spelling.

- (B) Trinsfermation: This is a misspelling.

- (C) Transfermtion: This is a misspelling, particularly with the incorrect "f" and "t".

- (D) Treansformation: This is also a misspelling with the misplaced "e" at the start.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Transformation.
Quick Tip: Always check for commonly misplaced letters like "f" and "t" in words to ensure correct spelling.

Step 1: Understanding Passive Voice.

To change an active sentence to a passive voice sentence, the object becomes the subject, and the verb is changed accordingly. In this case, "drives" changes to "is driven," which is the correct passive construction.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) The truck is driven by Suraj: This is the correct passive form.

- (B) The truck will be driven by Suraj: This is incorrect as it suggests the future tense, while the original sentence is in the present tense.

- (C) The truck was driven by Suraj: This is in the past tense and doesn't match the original sentence.

- (D) The truck may be driven by Suraj: This is in the passive form but with "may," which suggests uncertainty.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) The truck is driven by Suraj.
Quick Tip: In passive voice, ensure the verb agrees with the original tense of the sentence.

Step 1: Understanding the Negative Form.

The original sentence "must have seen" implies certainty in the past. The negative form "must not have seen" indicates that it is not certain Ram saw the Taj Mahal.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Ram must not have missed to see the Taj Mahal: This is incorrect as it implies missing the opportunity, not denying the action itself.

- (B) Ram must not have seen the Taj Mahal: This is the correct negative form, negating the certainty of the action.

- (C) Ram did not see the Taj Mahal: This is a simple past tense negative sentence and doesn't capture the "must have" nuance.

- (D) The Taj Mahal was seen by Ram: This is a passive voice sentence, not the intended negative form.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) Ram must not have seen the Taj Mahal.
Quick Tip: Use "must not have" to express negative certainty about a past action.

Step 1: Understanding the Word "Clever."

"Clever" means quick to understand or intelligent. Its antonym should represent a lack of intelligence or ability.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Angry: "Angry" is an emotion, not the opposite of clever.

- (B) Cunning: "Cunning" is a synonym of clever, meaning skilled in deception.

- (C) Naughty: "Naughty" refers to mischievous behavior and is not the opposite of clever.

- (D) Stupid: "Stupid" is the correct antonym, meaning lacking intelligence or sense.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) Stupid.
Quick Tip: Antonyms of "clever" typically relate to a lack of intelligence, such as "stupid."

Step 1: Understanding the Word "Worried."

"Worried" means anxious or troubled about something. The synonym should reflect a state of concern or unease.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Troubled: "Troubled" means distressed or anxious, which is a direct synonym of "worried."

- (B) Unconcerned: "Unconcerned" means not worried, so it is the opposite of "worried."

- (C) Ignored: "Ignored" means to pay no attention, which doesn't relate to being worried.

- (D) Calm: "Calm" is the opposite of being worried.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Troubled.
Quick Tip: Synonyms for "worried" often include words related to distress or anxiety, like "troubled."

Step 1: Understanding the Word "Clean."

"Clean" means free from dirt or impurities. Its antonym should represent something that is unclean or dirty.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Neat: "Neat" means orderly or clean in appearance but is not the opposite of "clean."

- (B) Wash: "Wash" refers to the act of cleaning, not the opposite of clean.

- (C) Tidy: "Tidy" means neat and orderly, not dirty.

- (D) Dirty: "Dirty" is the correct antonym of "clean."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) Dirty.
Quick Tip: The antonym of "clean" is typically "dirty," representing something unclean or polluted.

Step 1: Understanding the Word "Lofty."

"Lofty" means something that is high, elevated, or grand in nature.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) High: "High" is a direct synonym of "lofty," meaning elevated or tall.

- (B) Shaky: "Shaky" refers to something unstable or unsteady, which is not a synonym for "lofty."

- (C) Small: "Small" is the opposite of "lofty."

- (D) Low: "Low" is also the opposite of "lofty."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) High.
Quick Tip: "Lofty" is often used to describe something high or elevated, both physically and figuratively.

Step 1: Understanding 'Finish'.

"Finish" means to complete or bring something to an end. The antonym should represent the action of beginning or starting.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Start: "Start" is the opposite of "finish," meaning to begin something.

- (B) Destroy: "Destroy" means to ruin or demolish, which is not the opposite of finish.

- (C) Close: "Close" could be related to finish but does not imply the start of something.

- (D) Complete: "Complete" is a synonym of "finish," not its antonym.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Start, as it is the opposite of "finish."
Quick Tip: The antonym of "finish" is typically "start," indicating the beginning of something.

Step 1: Understanding the Phrase.

The expression "black and blue" refers to the bruises and marks someone gets after being beaten.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) cat and dog: This phrase refers to constant fighting but doesn't describe the physical condition of a beaten person.

- (B) black and white: This refers to the clarity or opposites, not to physical bruising.

- (C) black and blue: This is the correct phrase, as it is commonly used to describe the appearance of someone after being beaten.

- (D) beside the point: This is an idiom meaning irrelevant, and does not apply here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) black and blue, as it is used to describe bruises after being beaten.
Quick Tip: "Black and blue" refers to bruising after being physically hurt.

Step 1: Understanding Prepositions.

The preposition "for" is used to indicate purpose or reason, in this case, the purpose of going to the beach.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) for: "For" is the correct preposition to indicate the purpose of going to the beach.

- (B) on: "On" typically refers to a position or location, not purpose.

- (C) at: "At" would be used if referring to the location but not for the purpose.

- (D) in: "In" is incorrect for this context, as it implies being inside something.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) for, as it expresses the purpose of the visit.
Quick Tip: Use "for" to indicate the purpose of an action or event.

Step 1: Understanding Verb Forms after 'enjoys'.

After the verb "enjoys," the gerund form of the verb (reading) is used to express an activity the subject likes doing.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) reading: "Reading" is the correct form, as the verb "enjoys" is followed by the gerund.

- (B) reads: "Reads" is the third-person singular present tense, but we need the gerund form after "enjoys."

- (C) read: "Read" is the base form, which is incorrect after "enjoys."

- (D) to read: "To read" is an infinitive and does not fit after "enjoys."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) reading, as it is the correct form following "enjoys."
Quick Tip: Use the gerund form of verbs (e.g., reading) after verbs like "enjoys."

Step 1: Understanding the Reporting Verb.

The sentence is an exclamation, so the correct reporting verb in indirect speech should be "exclaimed with joy."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Sonam thought that it was a beautiful park: This option uses "thought," which does not convey the exclamation.

- (B) Sonam said that it was a beautiful park: This is a statement, not an exclamation.

- (C) Sonam exclaimed with joy that it was a beautiful park: This is the correct form for reporting exclamations.

- (D) Sonam was happy to see a beautiful park: This changes the meaning of the sentence and does not correctly report the exclamation.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Sonam exclaimed with joy that it was a beautiful park.
Quick Tip: Use "exclaimed with joy" to report exclamatory sentences in indirect speech.

Step 1: Understanding the Purpose.

"We eat so that we may survive" expresses a purpose or goal in the present or future, and "may" is used for possibility or permission in this context.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) must: "Must" expresses necessity or obligation, which does not fit the context here.

- (B) used to: "Used to" refers to past habits, which is not appropriate in this context.

- (C) could: "Could" suggests possibility, but "may" is a better choice for expressing purpose.

- (D) may: "May" is the correct choice to express purpose or possibility.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) may, as it expresses the purpose of eating.
Quick Tip: Use "may" to express purpose or possibility in sentences like "so that."

Step 1: Converting Passive to Active.

The original question is in the passive voice. The correct active voice equivalent is "Who has killed the dog?"


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Who will be killing the dog?: This is in the future continuous tense, which doesn't match the original passive form.

- (B) Who has killed the dog?: This is the correct active voice form, as it corresponds to the past action described in the passive sentence.

- (C) Who had to kill the dog?: This changes the meaning and introduces an obligation, which is incorrect.

- (D) Who must have killed the dog?: This changes the certainty and doesn't reflect the original passive meaning.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) Who has killed the dog?
Quick Tip: To convert passive voice to active, simply place the subject before the verb.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

The sentence implies that the train passed by without halting. The correct answer should describe this event in a fluid manner.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) The train will go by and will not stop: This uses the future tense, which is incorrect since the sentence is in the past.

- (B) The train went by because it will not stop: "Will not stop" is in the future tense, which is not appropriate here.

- (C) The train goes by therefore it did not stop: "Goes by" is in the present tense, which doesn't match the past tense of the original sentence.

- (D) The train went by without stopping: This correctly uses the past tense and accurately describes the event.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) The train went by without stopping.
Quick Tip: When describing past actions, make sure to match the tenses appropriately to the original sentence.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

The sentence expresses a statement about love that is unconditional and continuous. "Forever" is the word that expresses a continuous or lasting action.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) moreover: "Moreover" introduces an additional point, not suitable for expressing the duration of love.

- (B) none: "None" refers to the absence of something, not fitting for the context.

- (C) never: "Never" contradicts the idea of love continuing.

- (D) forever: "Forever" accurately conveys the idea of continuous, lasting love.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) forever.
Quick Tip: Use "forever" to express something that will continue indefinitely or for a very long time.

Step 1: Understanding "further" in context.

"Further" is used to express additional or more of something, particularly when referring to help or support.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) further: "Further" is the correct term to use when indicating additional help is not expected.

- (B) either: "Either" refers to a choice between two options, which doesn't fit here.

- (C) farther: "Farther" is used to refer to physical distance, not help.

- (D) neither: "Neither" refers to two negative possibilities, which does not fit in this context.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) further, as it expresses an expectation of more help.
Quick Tip: "Further" is used when talking about additional amounts of something, such as help or progress.

Step 1: Understanding Comparatives.

The word "older" is the correct comparative form of "old" to compare two things or people. In this case, it compares his appearance with his real age.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) old: "Old" is the base form, and we need the comparative form here.

- (B) much old: "Much old" is incorrect because "much" is not used with the adjective "old" in this context.

- (C) oldest: "Oldest" is the superlative form, which is used when comparing more than two things.

- (D) older: "Older" is the correct comparative form used to compare two things, in this case, his appearance and his real age.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) older.
Quick Tip: Use the comparative form "older" when comparing two things or people.

Step 1: Understanding "a little" vs. "little" in context.

When referring to uncountable nouns like "water," we use "a little" to indicate a small amount.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) a little: "A little" correctly refers to a small quantity of uncountable items, such as water.

- (B) a few: "A few" refers to countable items, so it is incorrect in this context.

- (C) little: "Little" without "a" emphasizes a very small or insufficient amount, which changes the meaning.

- (D) few: "Few" refers to countable items, so it is incorrect.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) a little.
Quick Tip: Use "a little" for uncountable nouns like water to indicate a small amount.

Step 1: Understanding Active and Passive Voice.

In the active voice, the subject performs the action. The correct active voice for "Let everyone be given a chance" is "Give everyone a chance."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Give everyone a chance: This is the correct active voice sentence.

- (B) Let a chance be given to everyone: This is still in the passive voice.

- (C) Give a chance for everyone: This is incorrect because of the improper preposition.

- (D) I will give up a chance: This changes the meaning and is not a correct transformation.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Give everyone a chance.
Quick Tip: To convert passive to active voice, ensure the subject performs the action directly.

Step 1: Understanding Exclamation Reporting.

When reporting exclamatory sentences in indirect speech, we typically use "exclaimed" or "exclaimed with joy." Here, "how ugly" is an exclamatory statement, so we need to report it as an exclamation.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) She said that how ugly she was looking in that dress: This is incorrect because we do not report exclamations with "said that."

- (B) She exclaimed how ugly she looked in that dress: This is the correct indirect narration for an exclamation.

- (C) She expressed how ugly she looked in that dress: "Expressed" is not typically used for exclamatory sentences.

- (D) She exclaimed that she looked very ugly in that dress: This changes the tone slightly by adding "very."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) She exclaimed how ugly she looked in that dress.
Quick Tip: Use "exclaimed" when reporting an exclamatory sentence, and make sure to remove any punctuation marks like "!".

Step 1: Understanding Question Tags.

Question tags are used at the end of a statement to turn it into a question. In this case, the main statement is in the affirmative ("They can speak English"), so the tag will be negative ("can’t they").


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) can’t they: This is the correct negative question tag for a statement in the affirmative.

- (B) mustn’t they: "Mustn’t" is not appropriate here because "can" is used in the main sentence, not "must."

- (C) won’t they: "Won’t" is incorrect because it doesn't match the auxiliary verb "can."

- (D) aren’t they: "Aren’t" is incorrect because the main verb is "can," not "are."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) can’t they.
Quick Tip: Use the negative form of the auxiliary verb (can’t) for question tags when the main sentence is positive.

Step 1: Understanding Subject-Verb Agreement.

"Neither" is a singular subject, so it takes a singular verb. Therefore, the correct form of the verb is "is."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) is: This is correct because "neither" is singular.

- (B) are: "Are" is incorrect because the subject is singular.

- (C) were: "Were" is in the past tense and does not agree with the singular subject.

- (D) have: "Have" is incorrect because we need a singular verb form.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) is.
Quick Tip: "Neither" is always treated as singular, so use singular verb forms like "is."

Step 1: Identifying the Correct Pronoun.

The word "flowers" is a plural noun, so the correct demonstrative pronoun must also be plural. "These" is used for plural nouns that are near the speaker.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) them: "Them" is an object pronoun, but it doesn't fit as a demonstrative pronoun.

- (B) these: "These" is the correct demonstrative pronoun for plural nouns.

- (C) him: "Him" is used for singular masculine objects, so it is incorrect here.

- (D) their: "Their" is a possessive pronoun, not the correct choice for the sentence.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) these.
Quick Tip: Use "these" for plural nouns that are close to the speaker.

Step 1: Understanding the Word "Dormant."

"Dormant" means inactive or in a state of rest, often used to describe something that is not currently active. The closest synonym here is "sleeping."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Sleeping: This is the correct synonym, as it suggests inactivity.

- (B) Quick: "Quick" is the opposite of dormant, describing something fast and active.

- (C) Humble: "Humble" is unrelated to the meaning of "dormant."

- (D) Active: "Active" is the opposite of "dormant."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Sleeping.
Quick Tip: "Dormant" refers to something in a state of rest or inactivity, similar to "sleeping."

Step 1: Understanding "Guilty."

"Guilty" means responsible for wrongdoing. Its antonym should reflect someone who is not responsible for a crime or wrongdoing, which is "Innocent."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Irrelevant: "Irrelevant" is not an antonym of "guilty."

- (B) Innocent: "Innocent" is the correct antonym, meaning not guilty.

- (C) Immature: "Immature" refers to a lack of maturity, not guilt.

- (D) Ignorant: "Ignorant" means lacking knowledge, not the opposite of "guilty."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) Innocent.
Quick Tip: "Innocent" is the antonym of "guilty," indicating the absence of fault or blame.

Step 1: Understanding the Idiom.

"To shed crocodile tears" is an idiom that means to pretend to be sad or to fake grief.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) to weep profusely: This is not correct as "crocodile tears" refers to pretending, not actually crying.

- (B) to grieve seriously: This is not the meaning of "crocodile tears."

- (C) to pretend grief: This is the correct meaning of the idiom.

- (D) to mock something: "Mocking" is not the exact meaning of the phrase.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) to pretend grief.
Quick Tip: "Crocodile tears" refers to pretending to be sad, typically when one is not actually sorrowful.

Step 1: Understanding Articles.

When referring to something specific and universally understood, we use "the" as the definite article. Here, "the dozen" is a commonly used phrase.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) a: "A" is indefinite and would imply any dozen, which is not fitting for this context.

- (B) the: "The" is the correct choice because we are referring to the specific quantity "dozen."

- (C) an: "An" is used with singular countable nouns starting with a vowel sound, which does not apply here.

- (D) no article: This is incorrect because we need an article in this case.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) the.
Quick Tip: Use "the" to refer to specific things or quantities that are universally understood, like "the dozen."

Step 1: Understanding the Preposition.

The correct preposition to describe the action of running from one side to another, especially over a surface like a road, is "across."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) across: This is the correct preposition for running from one side to another.

- (B) in: "In" would be used to describe being inside an area, not crossing it.

- (C) against: "Against" suggests opposition or contact with something, not running across.

- (D) at: "At" describes a position, not movement.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) across.
Quick Tip: Use "across" to describe movement from one side to the other, especially when crossing an open space.

Step 1: Understanding Modal Verbs.

"Can" is used to indicate the ability or possibility to qualify, as it's referring to the present situation.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) may: "May" indicates permission or a possibility, but "can" is a more appropriate verb here for ability.

- (B) might: "Might" indicates a less certain possibility in the future, which doesn't fit the context.

- (C) can: "Can" is used here to indicate ability in the present, making it the most fitting choice.

- (D) could: "Could" is a past tense form of "can," and doesn't fit with the present tense of the sentence.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) can.
Quick Tip: Use "can" for expressing ability or possibility in the present.

Step 1: Identifying the Correct Spelling.

The correct spelling is "dissuade," which means to persuade someone not to do something.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Disuede: This is a misspelling with an extra "u."

- (B) Dissaded: This is a misspelling with an extra "d."

- (C) Dissuade: This is the correct spelling.

- (D) Dessouded: This is an incorrect word and misspelling.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Dissuade.
Quick Tip: "Dissuade" is the correct spelling, meaning to advise against something.

Step 1: Understanding the Conjunction.

"So" is used to indicate a reason or cause for something. In this case, the reason for not meeting is the appointment.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) for: "For" can show reason but isn't as commonly used in this context.

- (B) hence: "Hence" is more formal and suggests a consequence, but "so" is more appropriate here.

- (C) so: "So" is the most natural conjunction for showing cause or reason.

- (D) whether: "Whether" introduces a choice, which is not fitting here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) so.
Quick Tip: Use "so" to show a direct cause-and-effect relationship between two clauses.

Step 1: Identifying the Correct Verb Form.

"Plays" is the correct present tense form used for a habitual action or a fact that is true in the present.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) playing: "Playing" is the present continuous form, which doesn't fit here.

- (B) has play: This is incorrect because "has" is not used with "play" in this context.

- (C) plays: "Plays" is the correct present tense form.

- (D) had to playing: This is grammatically incorrect.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) plays.
Quick Tip: Use the present tense for habitual actions or universal truths, like "Virat Kohli plays for India."

Step 1: Understanding Prepositions.

We use "for" when someone dies in service or for the benefit of a group or cause.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) at: "At" is used to refer to a place, not the cause of death.

- (B) of: "Of" is incorrect for this context; it is used to show the cause of death but not in this phrasing.

- (C) for: "For" is the correct preposition when indicating the cause or purpose.

- (D) from: "From" is incorrect in this context, as it usually refers to location or origin.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) for.
Quick Tip: Use "for" when expressing someone’s dedication or purpose in the context of death.

Step 1: Understanding Article Usage.

"The" is used when referring to a specific, unique thing. In this case, the girl is being referred to as the most beautiful, making her unique.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) a: "A" is used for non-specific, singular items, so it does not fit here.

- (B) the: "The" is the correct article when referring to something unique, like "most beautiful."

- (C) an: "An" is used with singular countable nouns that start with a vowel sound, which does not apply here.

- (D) any: "Any" is used to express an indefinite choice or quantity, not for specific items.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) the.
Quick Tip: Use "the" to refer to something specific or unique, such as "the most beautiful girl."

Step 1: Subject-Verb Agreement.

"Milk and vegetables" is a compound subject, which requires the plural form of the verb. Therefore, "are" is the correct choice.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) is: "Is" is singular, and it does not agree with the plural subject.

- (B) has: "Has" is incorrect because we need a plural verb for the compound subject.

- (C) are: "Are" is the correct plural verb form.

- (D) have: "Have" is incorrect because it is not used with the subject "milk and vegetables."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) are.
Quick Tip: Use "are" for compound subjects (like milk and vegetables), which require a plural verb.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

"While" refers to simultaneous actions, but "when" is the most appropriate word to refer to a specific moment. In this case, the call will happen when the speaker arrives.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) while: "While" implies simultaneity, but "when" is more specific for this scenario.

- (B) since: "Since" is used to refer to time from a point in the past and is not appropriate here.

- (C) when: "When" is the correct choice to refer to the moment of arrival.

- (D) during: "During" would imply an action over a period, which is not fitting here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) when.
Quick Tip: Use "when" to refer to a specific point in time or a moment.

Step 1: Understanding Adjective Usage.

"Beautiful" is an adjective that describes the noun "day." In this context, it is used to describe the day as being pleasant.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) beauty: "Beauty" is a noun, not an adjective, so it doesn't fit.

- (B) beautify: "Beautify" is a verb, so it doesn't fit the sentence.

- (C) beautiful: "Beautiful" is the correct adjective to describe the day.

- (D) beautification: "Beautification" is a noun, and doesn't fit as an adjective here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) beautiful.
Quick Tip: Use adjectives like "beautiful" to describe the qualities of a noun.

Step 1: Understanding Conjunctions.

"Although" is used to introduce a contrast between two clauses. In this case, it contrasts the fact that he studied hard with the result that he failed.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Although: "Although" is the correct conjunction to show contrast between the two clauses.

- (B) So: "So" suggests a cause and effect relationship, but here the two clauses are contradictory.

- (C) Because: "Because" shows cause and effect, but the sentence structure requires contrast.

- (D) Since: "Since" refers to time or cause, and does not fit the context of contrast here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Although.
Quick Tip: Use "although" to introduce a contrast between two statements or actions.

Step 1: Understanding Modal Verbs and Passive Voice.

In passive constructions, we use "cannot be" to express impossibility. In this case, it's impossible to count the stars.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) can: "Can" expresses possibility, but it doesn't fit the context of impossibility here.

- (B) cannot be: "Cannot be" expresses impossibility, which fits the context of counting stars.

- (C) could: "Could" refers to past ability or possibility, which does not fit here.

- (D) must: "Must" expresses necessity, but doesn't fit in this context.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) cannot be.
Quick Tip: Use "cannot be" to express impossibility in passive voice.

Step 1: Understanding Question Tags.

The main sentence is affirmative, so the correct question tag should be negative. "Don’t they" is the appropriate tag for the verb "bark."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) wouldn’t they: "Wouldn’t" is used for hypothetical situations, not a general statement like this.

- (B) don’t they: "Don’t" is the correct negative question tag for an affirmative statement.

- (C) couldn’t they: "Couldn’t" implies possibility, but the sentence is not asking about a possibility.

- (D) mustn’t they: "Mustn’t" is a stronger form and not appropriate here.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) don’t they.
Quick Tip: Use "don’t they" for question tags when the main sentence is affirmative.

Step 1: Understanding Correct Phraseology.

The correct phrase is "married or single" when referring to someone's relationship status.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) alone or married: "Alone or married" does not make sense contextually.

- (B) married and single: "Married and single" contradicts itself, as someone can't be both.

- (C) married and alone: This phrase is grammatically incorrect.

- (D) married or single: This is the correct choice when asking about someone's relationship status.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) married or single.
Quick Tip: Use "married or single" when referring to someone's relationship status.

Step 1: Identifying the Correct Spelling.

"Laborious" is the correct spelling, meaning requiring much effort.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Laburius: This is a misspelling.

- (B) Lebourius: This is also incorrect.

- (C) Laborious: This is the correct spelling.

- (D) Labourious: This is incorrect, as the proper spelling is "laborious."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Laborious.
Quick Tip: "Laborious" refers to something requiring great effort or work.

Step 1: Identifying Correct Phrase.

The correct phrase is "being late," where "being" is the gerund form after "excuse me for."


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) not be late: This is incorrect because it doesn't use the correct gerund form.

- (B) late very much: This is grammatically incorrect.

- (C) being late: "Being late" is the correct choice as it follows the correct grammatical structure.

- (D) very much late: This is incorrect and not a standard phrase.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) being late.
Quick Tip: Use the gerund "being" after "excuse me for" to refer to actions.

Step 1: Understanding the Meaning of 'Division'.

"Division" means the action of separating something into parts or groups, which is closely related to "partition" (to divide into parts).


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Unification: This is the opposite of division.

- (B) Partition: "Partition" means division or separation, which is a synonym for "division."

- (C) Combination: This is the opposite of division, as it implies bringing things together.

- (D) Conflict: "Conflict" is related to disagreement, not division.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) Partition.
Quick Tip: "Partition" is a synonym for "division," both indicating separation or splitting.

Step 1: Understanding the Quote.

The quote is philosophical in nature, speaking about the fluidity of the past. H. E. Bates, a renowned English writer, is known for such thoughts.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Shiga Naoya: A Japanese author, but the quote is not attributed to him.

- (B) M. Gandhi: Gandhi was deeply philosophical, but this quote is not his.

- (C) Dr. Zakir Hussain: A former president of India, but this quote is not attributed to him.

- (D) H. E. Bates: He was an English author known for such reflective thoughts.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) H. E. Bates.
Quick Tip: Quotes about the past being dynamic are often attributed to philosophers or writers reflecting on time's fluidity.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

Martin Luther King, Jr. was an activist who fought against racial discrimination, especially in the U.S.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) caste: Martin Luther King, Jr. focused on racial, not caste discrimination.

- (B) sex: Although King advocated for equality, the focus here was racial discrimination.

- (C) religious: While King was an advocate for religious freedom, racial discrimination was his main concern.

- (D) racial: Martin Luther King, Jr. famously opposed racial discrimination.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) racial.
Quick Tip: Martin Luther King, Jr. is best known for his fight against racial discrimination, particularly in the civil rights movement.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

In some cultures, it is a tradition for a pregnant woman to visit her mother's home during the later stages of pregnancy. This is especially common in South India, including Tamil culture.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Tamil: This is the correct cultural practice in Tamil society.

- (B) Sylheti: This is related to a Bengali dialect and culture, which doesn't fit the context here.

- (C) Punjabi: While Punjabi culture also has traditions around pregnancy, this specific reference fits better with Tamil culture.

- (D) Bihari: The Bihari culture doesn't specifically reference this tradition.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Tamil.
Quick Tip: In Tamil culture, pregnant women often visit their mother's house for the last few months of pregnancy, a practice known as "Seemantham."

Step 1: Identifying Benjy's Parents.

In literature, particularly in works like "The Sound and the Fury" by William Faulkner, Benjy's family is referred to by common surnames, with "Smith" being the correct one in this context.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Johnsons: This is a common surname, but not the correct one for Benjy's family.

- (B) Jacksons: This is another common surname but not relevant here.

- (C) Smiths: This is the correct surname for Benjy’s family in "The Sound and the Fury."

- (D) Leohorns: This is not a common surname in the context.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Smiths.
Quick Tip: Benjy’s family in "The Sound and the Fury" is known by the surname "Smith."

Step 1: Understanding the Description.

In the context of the story, Nanukaka ties a red turban around the narrator's head, which is significant for cultural or symbolic reasons.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) orange turban: "Orange" is not the color mentioned in the story.

- (B) green turban: "Green" is not the correct color here.

- (C) red turban: This is the correct color for the turban in the narrative.

- (D) yellow turban: "Yellow" is also not the correct color.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) red turban.
Quick Tip: In many Indian cultures, red turbans have significance, symbolizing strength and dignity.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

In the story, Seibei uses banana leaves to remove the unpleasant smell from the gourd.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) tea-leaves: Tea-leaves are not mentioned in this context.

- (B) neem-leaves: Neem leaves are not used for this purpose.

- (C) banana-leaves: Correct answer as per the story context.

- (D) tulsi-leaves: Tulsi leaves are not used for this particular purpose.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) banana-leaves.
Quick Tip: In some traditions, banana leaves are used to remove unpleasant smells or for purifying purposes.

Step 1: Identifying the Characters.

In Anton Chekhov’s play "The Proposal," Natalya and Lomov are the characters who quarrel over the Ox Meadows.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Choobookov: Not the correct character in the play.

- (B) Romov: This is not the character involved in the quarrel.

- (C) Lomov: This is the correct character, who quarrels with Natalya.

- (D) Nomov: This is an incorrect name.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Lomov.
Quick Tip: In "The Proposal" by Chekhov, Lomov and Natalya argue over Ox Meadows, highlighting the comedic tension in the play.

Step 1: Understanding Pearl S. Buck’s Philosophy.

Pearl S. Buck, known for her humanitarian views, emphasized selflessness as a critical trait for leaders.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) selfishness: This is the opposite of what Pearl S. Buck advocates.

- (B) selflessness: This is the correct choice as it aligns with Buck's views on leadership.

- (C) dishonesty: This is contrary to the qualities of a good leader.

- (D) communalism: While important in some contexts, it is not the quality Buck emphasizes for leadership.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) selflessness.
Quick Tip: Pearl S. Buck believed that a true leader should prioritize the welfare of others, demonstrating selflessness.

Step 1: Identifying the Poem.

The line "And the nightingale is dumb" is a famous line from the poem "To Autumn" by John Keats.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) To Autumn: This is the correct answer. "To Autumn" is one of John Keats' most famous works.

- (B) Fire-Hymn: This is not the correct source of the line.

- (C) Now the Leaves are Falling Fast: This is another poem, but not the source of the line.

- (D) Snake: This is by D. H. Lawrence, not Keats.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) To Autumn.
Quick Tip: "To Autumn" by John Keats is known for its rich imagery of nature and its portrayal of the autumn season.

Step 1: Identifying the Poet's Origin.

John Keats was a famous Romantic poet from Britain.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Britain: This is the correct answer. John Keats was born in London, England.

- (B) Germany: Keats was not from Germany.

- (C) America: Keats was not American.

- (D) Ireland: Keats was not from Ireland.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Britain.
Quick Tip: John Keats, a prominent British poet, was one of the major figures of Romanticism.

Step 1: Identifying the Context.

In Walter de la Mare’s poem "The Listeners," the narrator mentions knowing a boy who is now dead.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) lord: This is not the correct answer.

- (B) boy: The correct answer is "boy," referring to the subject of the poem.

- (C) lady: This is not correct in this context.

- (D) girl: This is also not the correct option.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) boy.
Quick Tip: Walter de la Mare's "The Listeners" references a boy who is now dead, symbolizing lost innocence.

Step 1: Understanding Rupert Brooke’s Work.

Rupert Brooke is known for his war sonnets, particularly the "1914" sonnet sequence, which consists of six poems.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) five: Incorrect, there are six war sonnets in the sequence.

- (B) eight: This is too many; only six sonnets are part of the series.

- (C) seven: Incorrect, there are only six.

- (D) six: This is the correct number of sonnets in Rupert Brooke's war sonnet collection.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) six.
Quick Tip: Rupert Brooke’s war sonnets, especially "The Soldier," made a significant impact on World War I poetry.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

Latin was widely used across Europe as the language of science, religion, and law, particularly during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages. It gradually declined as a spoken language around 700 years ago.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) 600: This is slightly earlier than the point when Latin was widely spoken.

- (B) 800: This is too late, as Latin had begun to decline earlier.

- (C) 700: This is the correct time when Latin was still considered a world language, but it started to decline after this period.

- (D) 900: By this time, Latin was no longer a spoken world language.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) 700.
Quick Tip: Latin was a dominant language of Europe until around the 8th century, after which it declined as a spoken language.

Step 1: Identifying the Author.

"Leaves of Grass" is a famous collection of poetry by Walt Whitman, first published in 1855. It is considered his most important work.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Shakespeare: Shakespeare was a playwright and poet, but he did not write "Leaves of Grass."

- (B) T. S. Eliot: T. S. Eliot was a modernist poet, not the author of "Leaves of Grass."

- (C) Milton: John Milton was a poet, but he did not write "Leaves of Grass."

- (D) Walt Whitman: Whitman is the correct author of this work.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) Walt Whitman.
Quick Tip: "Leaves of Grass" by Walt Whitman is a key work of American literature, celebrated for its themes of democracy and individualism.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

Mahatma Gandhi was a strong advocate for self-reliance and was strongly opposed to blind imitation of Western civilization, focusing instead on Indian values and traditions.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi famously opposed Western materialism and colonialism, advocating for a return to traditional Indian values.

- (B) Jawaharlal Nehru: Nehru was also an important leader but promoted a balanced approach with the Western world.

- (C) Sardar Patel: Patel was an influential leader but did not focus specifically on the rejection of Western civilization.

- (D) Lal Bahadur Shastri: He was a notable leader but not known for opposing Western civilization in the same manner.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Mahatma Gandhi.
Quick Tip: Mahatma Gandhi's rejection of Western civilization was a central theme in his movement for Indian independence.

Step 1: Identifying the Quote.

This quote comes from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, where he refers to the failure of justice to serve all people, particularly African Americans.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Negroes: The quote is not referring directly to Negroes but to the broader context of American society.

- (B) Indians: The quote doesn't reference Indians.

- (C) Americans: Martin Luther King Jr. was speaking to the American public, calling for justice.

- (D) Australians: This quote does not refer to Australians.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Americans.
Quick Tip: Martin Luther King Jr. called for justice and equality for all Americans, especially African Americans, in his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.

Step 1: Understanding the Elizabethan Era.

William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest dramatist of the Elizabethan Age, writing numerous plays and sonnets.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Charles Dickens: Dickens was a Victorian-era novelist, not an Elizabethan dramatist.

- (B) Daniel Defoe: Defoe was an early English novelist, not a dramatist.

- (C) William Shakespeare: Shakespeare is the correct answer, known for his impactful plays during the Elizabethan era.

- (D) Thomas Henry: This is not a well-known dramatist.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) William Shakespeare.
Quick Tip: William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the English language and one of the most important figures in world literature.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

In countries like the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, English is not a foreign or second language but the primary or native language spoken by the majority.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) foreign language: English is not a foreign language in these countries.

- (B) colonial language: English was spread during the colonial period but is now the native language.

- (C) second language: English is not a second language in these countries.

- (D) native language: English is the native language in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) native language.
Quick Tip: In the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, English is the first language of the majority of the population.

Step 1: Understanding the Origin of English.

The English language developed primarily from the Anglo-Saxon language, also known as Old English, which was spoken by the Anglo-Saxons in early medieval England.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Anglo-Indian: English in India was influenced by British colonialism, but it developed from Anglo-Saxon roots.

- (B) Anglo-American: Refers to the dialects of English spoken in the United States, but not the origin.

- (C) Anglo-Saxon: Correct answer. Old English, the precursor to modern English, developed from Anglo-Saxon.

- (D) Anglo-African: This is not a primary source of the development of the English language.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Anglo-Saxon.
Quick Tip: The Anglo-Saxon language (Old English) is the root of the English language as we know it today.

Step 1: Identifying the Playwright.

"The Cherry Orchard" is a famous play written by Anton Chekhov, a Russian playwright. It is one of his major works.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) G. B. Shaw: Shaw was a famous playwright, but not the author of "The Cherry Orchard."

- (B) Anton Chekhov: Chekhov is the correct playwright of this play.

- (C) Shakespeare: William Shakespeare is not the author of this play, although he is a famous playwright.

- (D) Leo Tolstoy: Tolstoy was a great Russian author, but not the playwright for "The Cherry Orchard."


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) Anton Chekhov.
Quick Tip: "The Cherry Orchard" by Anton Chekhov is a significant work in Russian literature, addressing themes of change, loss, and societal shifts.

Step 1: Understanding the Form of "The Artist."

"The Artist" is a short story written by Anton Chekhov. It explores the life of a struggling artist.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) an essay: The work is not an essay.

- (B) a poem: It is not a poem; it's a short story.

- (C) a short story: Correct. "The Artist" is a short story by Chekhov.

- (D) a one-act play: It is not a play.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) a short story.
Quick Tip: Chekhov's "The Artist" is a short story that delves into themes of artistic struggles and the pursuit of true art.

Step 1: Identifying Chekhov’s Early Works.

Anton Chekhov initially started his career by writing comic sketches, which were humorous and light-hearted pieces often published in magazines.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) novels: While Chekhov later wrote some short stories, he began with comic sketches.

- (B) drama: Chekhov is well-known for his plays, but he began with writing comic sketches.

- (C) poetry: Chekhov was not known for writing poetry at the start of his career.

- (D) comic sketches: Correct answer. Chekhov began his literary career with comic sketches.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) comic sketches.
Quick Tip: Anton Chekhov’s early career consisted of humorous and satirical comic sketches, which paved the way for his later success in drama.

Step 1: Identifying John Donne’s Style.

John Donne is best known as a metaphysical poet, characterized by his intellectual and philosophical poems that explore love, religion, and death.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) war: Donne’s poetry does not primarily focus on war.

- (B) metaphysical: Correct answer. John Donne is widely considered a metaphysical poet.

- (C) modern: While Donne's themes remain relevant, he is not classified as a modern poet.

- (D) satirical: Donne’s work is not focused on satire.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) metaphysical.
Quick Tip: John Donne’s metaphysical poetry uses elaborate metaphors and explores deep philosophical and spiritual themes.

Step 1: Walt Whitman’s Role During the Civil War.

Walt Whitman worked as a volunteer nurse during the American Civil War, providing care to wounded soldiers.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) soldier: Whitman was not a soldier, but a volunteer nurse.

- (B) driver: Whitman was not a driver in the Civil War.

- (C) volunteer nurse: Correct answer. Whitman worked in hospitals caring for the wounded soldiers.

- (D) constable: Whitman was not a law enforcement officer during the Civil War.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) volunteer nurse.
Quick Tip: Walt Whitman is known for his poetry and his service as a volunteer nurse during the Civil War, which deeply influenced his work.

Step 1: Identifying the Context.

Benjy is a character in William Faulkner's novel "The Sound and the Fury," and it is mentioned that he left school at the age of twelve due to his disabilities.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) twelve: This is the correct answer, Benjy left school at twelve.

- (B) thirteen: This is incorrect.

- (C) fourteen: This is not the age at which Benjy left school.

- (D) fifteen: This is also incorrect.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) twelve.
Quick Tip: Benjy's age and development in "The Sound and the Fury" reflect Faulkner's complex portrayal of time and memory.

Step 1: Identifying the Poem.

The line "O how feeble is man's power" is from Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself." This poem deals with themes of individualism and the interconnectedness of life.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) An Epitaph: This is not the correct poem for the line.

- (B) Fire-Hymn: This is not the poem either.

- (C) Song of Myself: Correct answer. This line appears in Whitman's "Song of Myself."

- (D) Sweetest Love I Do Not Go: This is a different work by John Donne.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Song of Myself.
Quick Tip: "Song of Myself" is a landmark poem by Walt Whitman that celebrates the self and the collective human experience.

Step 1: Identifying the Poem.

The line "And gathering swallows twitter in the skies" is from John Keats' "Ode to Autumn," a poem celebrating the autumn season.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) An Epitaph: This is not the correct poem.

- (B) Macavity: The Mystery Cat: This is a poem by T. S. Eliot, unrelated to the line in question.

- (C) The Soldier: This is a poem by Rupert Brooke, not the correct one.

- (D) Ode to Autumn: Correct answer. This line is from "Ode to Autumn" by John Keats.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) Ode to Autumn.
Quick Tip: "Ode to Autumn" by John Keats beautifully captures the essence of the autumn season, symbolizing maturity and transition.

Step 1: Understanding the Phrase.

The phrase "The sun never sets on the British Empire" was used to describe the vastness of the British Empire during its peak, where its territories spanned across the globe.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) French: The phrase is not associated with the French Empire.

- (B) Russian: This is not the empire in question.

- (C) British: Correct answer. This phrase refers to the British Empire, which had colonies around the world.

- (D) Indian: This does not apply to the Indian Empire.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) British.
Quick Tip: The phrase "The sun never sets on the British Empire" reflects the extensive reach of British colonial power at its height.

Step 1: Understanding Dorothy L. Sayers’ Achievement.

Dorothy L. Sayers, a famous English writer and scholar, was one of the first women to graduate from Oxford University, which she achieved in 1895.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) AD 1885: This is incorrect; she graduated in 1895.

- (B) AD 1905: This is also incorrect.

- (C) AD 1895: Correct answer. Dorothy L. Sayers graduated in 1895.

- (D) AD 1915: This is too late.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) AD 1895.
Quick Tip: Dorothy L. Sayers was a pioneering woman in both education and literature, known for her detective fiction and academic contributions.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

The phrase "window to the world" refers to English because it is a global language used for communication, business, education, and media worldwide.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Hindi: While Hindi is an important language in India, it is not widely spoken across the globe.

- (B) English: Correct answer. English is often referred to as the "window to the world" due to its international usage.

- (C) Urdu: Although Urdu is a significant language, it is not as globally spoken as English.

- (D) Chinese: Chinese has many speakers, but it is not the most global language compared to English.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) English.
Quick Tip: English is often called the "global language" due to its widespread use across various countries and sectors.

Step 1: Identifying the Author.

"Piers the Plowman" is an allegorical narrative poem written by William Langland, who was a 14th-century English poet.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Spenser: Edmund Spenser wrote "The Faerie Queene," not "Piers the Plowman."

- (B) Milton: John Milton is known for "Paradise Lost," not "Piers the Plowman."

- (C) Langland: Correct answer. Langland is the author of "Piers the Plowman."

- (D) Congreve: William Congreve was a playwright, not the author of this poem.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Langland.
Quick Tip: "Piers the Plowman" is one of the greatest works of medieval English literature, written by William Langland.

Step 1: Understanding Native Speakers.

Mandarin Chinese has the largest number of native speakers, with over a billion people speaking it as their first language.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) English: English has a large number of speakers, but more people speak Chinese natively.

- (B) Hindi: Hindi has many native speakers, but not as many as Chinese.

- (C) Urdu: Urdu also has millions of speakers, but it is not as widespread as Chinese.

- (D) Chinese: Correct answer. Mandarin Chinese is the language with the most native speakers.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) Chinese.
Quick Tip: Mandarin Chinese, with over a billion native speakers, holds the record for the most spoken language in terms of native speakers.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

Mahatma Gandhi was known for his belief in spiritualism over materialism. He advocated for simplicity, non-violence, and truth.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Rajiv Gandhi: Rajiv Gandhi, while a prominent leader, is not particularly known for the preference of spiritualism over materialism.

- (B) Dr. Zakir Hussain: Dr. Zakir Hussain was a scholar and president, but not known for a preference for spiritualism.

- (C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad: Dr. Rajendra Prasad, while a respected leader, was not known for this specific preference.

- (D) Mahatma Gandhi: Correct answer. Gandhi was a strong proponent of spiritualism over materialism.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) Mahatma Gandhi.
Quick Tip: Mahatma Gandhi's life and teachings emphasized spiritual growth and simplicity over material possessions.

Step 1: Identifying Nanukaka's Attire.

Nanukaka is a character known for wearing traditional attire like the Aligarh kurta, which was common in his region.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) a knee-length black coat: This is not the attire associated with Nanukaka.

- (B) Aligarh pajamas: Although the Aligarh style is mentioned, the correct piece of attire is the kurta, not pajamas.

- (C) a Jodhpur coat: Not the correct attire for Nanukaka.

- (D) an Aligarh kurta: Correct answer. Nanukaka wore an Aligarh kurta.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (D) an Aligarh kurta.
Quick Tip: The Aligarh kurta is a traditional garment known for its comfort and regional significance in North India.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

The English government provides elderly citizens with a pension as a form of financial support after retirement.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) instalment payment: This refers to paying something in portions but is not the correct answer for this context.

- (B) pension: Correct answer. A pension is a regular payment made to people after they retire, often by the government.

- (C) loan: A loan would need to be paid back, which is not applicable to this context.

- (D) salary: A salary is payment for work, which doesn’t apply after retirement.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) pension.
Quick Tip: Pensions are regular payments provided to retired individuals to support them financially after their employment ends.

Step 1: Identifying Dorothy L. Sayers’ Translation Work.

Dorothy L. Sayers, the famous English writer and translator, published an authentic verse translation of Dante Alighieri’s "Inferno," the first part of his Divine Comedy.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Inferno: Correct answer. Sayers' translation of "Inferno" is a well-known work.

- (B) The Bhagavad Geeta: This is not the work translated by Sayers.

- (C) Clouds of Witness: This is a novel written by Dorothy L. Sayers, not a translation.

- (D) Unnatural Death: Another novel by Dorothy L. Sayers, not a translation.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Inferno.
Quick Tip: Dorothy L. Sayers' translation of Dante's "Inferno" is highly regarded for its accuracy and poetic quality.

Step 1: Identifying the Poem.

The line "He's broken every human law" is from D. H. Lawrence's poem "Snake." In this poem, the speaker wrestles with his feelings about the snake's presence.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Snake: Correct answer. This line is from D. H. Lawrence's "Snake."

- (B) Song of Myself: This is a poem by Walt Whitman, not the correct source.

- (C) Ode to Autumn: This is a poem by John Keats, unrelated to the line in question.

- (D) Macavity: The Mystery Cat: This is a poem by T. S. Eliot, not related to the line.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Snake.
Quick Tip: "Snake" by D. H. Lawrence explores the themes of nature, human law, and the tension between instinct and societal norms.

Step 1: Identifying the Poet.

The line "swears to save fire from the sin of forgiving" is from the famous Indian poet Kamala Das, known for her emotional and evocative poetry.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) Kamala Das: Correct answer. This line comes from Kamala Das' poem.

- (B) Keki N. Daruwalla: A notable poet, but not the author of this line.

- (C) Nissim Ezekiel: Though Ezekiel is a prominent poet, this line is not from him.

- (D) W. B. Yeats: Not the author of this line.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) Kamala Das.
Quick Tip: Kamala Das' poetry often explores themes of love, identity, and self-expression, reflecting her personal experiences.

Step 1: Understanding the Context.

In D. H. Lawrence’s "Snake," the snake lifts its head slowly after drinking water, an important moment in the poem symbolizing its power and grace.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) aggressively: This would be an incorrect description of the snake's action.

- (B) slowly: Correct answer. The snake lifts its head slowly, as described in the poem.

- (C) dreamily: This is not an appropriate description for the snake’s action.

- (D) poisoning: This does not match the context of the poem.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) slowly.
Quick Tip: The snake’s slow, deliberate movement in D. H. Lawrence's poem symbolizes the tension between nature's instincts and human emotions.

Step 1: Identifying the Context.

Kamala Das' poetry often reflects on her deep emotional connections with her family. In this case, she recalls the happy days spent with her mother.


Step 2: Analysis of Options.

- (A) mother: Correct answer. Kamala Das fondly remembers the time spent with her mother.

- (B) brother: This is not the correct family member in the context of the poem.

- (C) father: Kamala Das often reflects on her relationship with her mother, not specifically her father in this line.

- (D) grandmother: This is not the correct answer.


Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (A) mother.
Quick Tip: Kamala Das' poetry often touches on themes of family, love, and loss, with a particular focus on her relationship with her mother.

Essay on Moral Values:


Moral values are the principles that guide our decisions and actions, distinguishing between right and wrong. They play an essential role in shaping an individual's character and contribute to the well-being of society. Some of the core moral values include honesty, kindness, respect, and integrity.


Honesty allows individuals to build trust, which is essential for healthy relationships. Kindness encourages empathy, fostering compassion and cooperation within society. Respect for others ensures that everyone is treated fairly and equally, promoting harmony. Integrity binds these values together, ensuring that people live up to their promises and do the right thing, even when no one is watching.


In modern society, moral values have become increasingly important as they form the foundation for personal development and social coexistence. The erosion of moral values, often due to factors like media influence or societal pressures, can lead to unethical behaviors and a lack of trust in communities. Therefore, it is crucial that we nurture these values from an early age, ensuring a future where individuals contribute positively to society.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, moral values are crucial for personal growth and societal well-being. They guide us in making ethical decisions and maintaining peaceful relationships in the world. Quick Tip: Moral values are essential for creating a just, harmonious, and responsible society. Nurturing these values in early education helps shape a better future.

Essay on the Role of Education:


Education is the foundation of personal development and societal progress. It equips individuals with knowledge and skills to navigate life and contribute meaningfully to their communities. Education goes beyond academics, teaching essential life skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and ethical decision-making.


The role of education extends to shaping a person's values, attitudes, and perspectives. It helps break social barriers and empowers people to achieve their goals, regardless of their background. Furthermore, education plays a significant role in promoting equality and justice within society, ensuring that every individual has the opportunity to succeed.


In today’s world, education has become a necessity for success in almost every field. It empowers individuals to think innovatively, adapt to changes, and thrive in a competitive environment. Governments and organizations worldwide continue to emphasize the importance of education in developing strong, self-reliant societies.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, education is not just about acquiring academic knowledge, but about personal growth, social mobility, and contributing to the betterment of society. Quick Tip: Education is the key to breaking cycles of poverty and inequality, providing individuals with the tools to improve their lives and societies.

Essay on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones:


Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. They have revolutionized communication, making it faster, more accessible, and more efficient. One of the significant advantages of mobile phones is their ability to keep us connected with people across the world in real time. With the advancement of technology, mobile phones now serve as multi-functional devices, offering internet browsing, social media access, and even remote work capabilities.


However, the widespread use of mobile phones comes with certain drawbacks. Excessive use of mobile phones can lead to health problems such as eye strain, headaches, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, mobile phones can contribute to addiction, especially with the rise of social media and mobile gaming, which can negatively impact productivity and social interactions. Furthermore, mobile phones can be a source of distraction, affecting academic and professional performance.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, while mobile phones offer numerous benefits, it is important to use them in moderation to avoid their adverse effects on health and productivity. Quick Tip: Use mobile phones wisely by balancing their advantages with the potential health risks and distractions they may cause.

Essay on India of My Dreams:


The India of my dreams is a nation where peace, prosperity, and equality prevail. It is a country where every individual, regardless of their caste, creed, religion, or gender, enjoys equal rights and opportunities. In my dream India, poverty is eradicated, and every citizen has access to quality education, healthcare, and employment.


In the India of my dreams, the government plays an active role in the welfare of its citizens, ensuring that no one is left behind. It is a country that fosters innovation, with a strong focus on technology, research, and sustainable development. The India of my dreams also respects its rich cultural heritage while embracing modernity.


Environmental protection is given utmost priority, and people are actively involved in maintaining a clean and green nation. Most importantly, the India of my dreams is a country where love, unity, and respect for one another drive our actions, ensuring that harmony prevails in every corner of the nation.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, the India of my dreams is a peaceful, progressive, and prosperous nation, where all its citizens live with dignity and equality. Quick Tip: Dreaming of a better future begins with the belief in positive change. Work towards creating an India that values equality, unity, and progress.

Essay on My School Life:


My school life has been one of the most cherished phases of my life. It is the time when I learned not just academics, but also important life lessons. School was where I made lifelong friends, developed my hobbies, and explored my talents. The bond I share with my teachers is special, as they were my mentors, guiding me through challenges and helping me grow.


Every day at school was filled with new experiences. Whether it was participating in cultural events, sports activities, or learning in the classroom, school life was always exciting. I have fond memories of school picnics, sports day, and the annual day celebration.


School also taught me discipline, responsibility, and the importance of time management. It was in school that I learned to balance studies with extracurricular activities. The lessons I learned during this time have shaped my personality and helped me in various aspects of life.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, my school life was a wonderful blend of learning, friendship, and fun, and it will always remain close to my heart. Quick Tip: School life is the foundation for personal growth, teaching valuable lessons that shape our future success and character.

Explanation of the phrase "And as we walk, we make the pledge that we shall always march ahead":


The phrase signifies a strong determination and commitment to move forward in life, regardless of challenges or setbacks. The act of walking symbolizes progress, and making a pledge suggests a conscious decision to continue on the path, no matter how difficult it might seem.


The word "march" emphasizes not just walking but doing so with purpose and strength. It highlights the resolve to keep moving ahead with confidence, even when obstacles arise. This phrase inspires perseverance, motivating individuals to stay focused on their goals and to remain steadfast in the face of adversity.


In a broader sense, the phrase reflects a mindset of growth and resilience. It encourages individuals to not dwell on past failures but to learn from them and keep progressing toward a better future. The pledge, therefore, signifies a personal vow to never give up and to continue striving forward.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, this phrase conveys the importance of determination, resilience, and a forward-looking attitude in overcoming challenges and achieving success in life. Quick Tip: Adopting a forward-focused mindset helps overcome obstacles and ensures continuous personal growth and success.

Explanation of the phrase:


This phrase speaks about a situation where there was once conflict or uncertainty regarding the ownership of the Ox Meadows, but now there is no doubt about who owns it. The initial "quarrels" suggest disputes or disagreements about possession, but the later part of the phrase—"everyone knows they're mine"—indicates that the matter has been settled and there is no longer any doubt about ownership.


The phrase reflects a shift from confusion or conflict to clarity and certainty. It might also suggest a sense of pride or satisfaction in the fact that the speaker's position has become unquestionable. This could metaphorically represent situations in life where there is initial struggle or doubt, but eventually, the truth or resolution becomes clear.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, this phrase demonstrates how issues of ownership or conflict can evolve from confusion to clarity, with a sense of finality. Quick Tip: The resolution of conflict often brings a sense of certainty and closure, helping to restore peace and order.

Explanation of the phrase:


This phrase describes a family that is large in size and continues to expand at a rate that is somewhat overwhelming or difficult to manage. The term "inconveniently fast" implies that the growth of the family, though natural, has become a source of strain or discomfort due to the rapid increase in size.


The use of "big" suggests that the family already has many members, and the phrase "constantly growing" emphasizes that this expansion is ongoing. The expression "inconveniently fast" adds a layer of complexity, as it indicates that the pace of growth might be difficult to handle or create challenges in managing the dynamics of the family.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, this phrase highlights the challenges that come with rapid growth, whether in a family or any other aspect of life, where quick expansion may lead to difficulties in maintaining balance. Quick Tip: Growth, while positive, can sometimes create challenges that require careful management to avoid becoming overwhelming.

Explanation of the phrase:


This phrase suggests a situation where the justice system was not perfect, but it was sufficiently fair to maintain order. The use of "tolerably fair" indicates that while justice might not have been ideal, it was still acceptable or adequate in the given circumstances.


The second part, "The ordinary rule was to avoid courts," implies that legal conflicts were ideally resolved outside the formal judicial system, possibly through negotiation or other methods. This could reflect a society or time period where litigation was seen as a last resort, and people tried to resolve disputes without resorting to courts, possibly to avoid prolonged legal processes or costs.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, the phrase highlights the balance between fairness in the justice system and the preference for resolving conflicts informally, without resorting to courts. Quick Tip: While fairness in justice is essential, many societies prefer resolving disputes informally to avoid the complexities of the legal system.

Explanation of the line:


This line describes a waterfall, often symbolizing purity, beauty, and serenity, which has the power to bring peace or relief to travellers in their most desperate situations. The use of the word "white" here could be indicative of the purity or divine nature of the waterfall, suggesting that it has a healing or soothing quality.


The phrase "could bless Travellers in their last distress" implies that the waterfall holds the power to bring comfort or salvation, especially in a moment of great hardship or peril. The word "bless" further emphasizes that the waterfall offers not just physical relief but perhaps a sense of spiritual solace. It suggests that the travellers, possibly exhausted or in danger, find refuge or hope near this natural phenomenon.


This line could be interpreted as a metaphor for how nature, or certain aspects of it, can offer solace during times of crisis or overwhelming difficulty. The waterfall, in its beauty and force, may provide a moment of peace amidst struggle.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, the line emphasizes the power of nature to offer relief, comfort, and spiritual renewal to those in distress. Quick Tip: Nature often serves as a source of healing and refuge, offering comfort during times of adversity.

Explanation of the line:


This line expresses a longing or deep thought of a distant place, represented by "there." The phrase "to peer through blind eyes of windows" suggests that the speaker is looking at the world through a limited or obstructed perspective. It could imply a sense of yearning to see or experience something that remains out of reach or that is viewed from a detached or passive standpoint. The "blind eyes" could also symbolize a lack of clarity or understanding, suggesting that the speaker's desires or aspirations are hindered in some way.


This line may reflect a sense of nostalgia or a desire to reconnect with something that once held meaning, but which is now distant, perhaps emotionally or physically. It captures the essence of wanting to return to a simpler or more meaningful time.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, this line portrays a deep sense of longing and yearning for something lost or unattainable, seen through an obstructed or unclear lens. Quick Tip: Longing or yearning for something out of reach is often symbolized in literature by imagery of barriers or obstructions.

Explanation of the line:


This line speaks of the joys and peace that arise from friendship and the gentleness that accompanies a calm and harmonious environment. "Laughter, learnt of friends," suggests that laughter, often a source of joy, is shared among friends, contributing to emotional bonding. The phrase "gentleness in hearts at peace" implies that true peace brings a soft, compassionate nature in the hearts of individuals.


The reference to "an English heaven" may refer to an idealized version of life in England, symbolizing a place of tranquility and peace, where hearts are at rest, and the environment is serene. This line captures the essence of friendship, peace, and a sense of belonging in a nurturing environment.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, this line emphasizes the beauty of peaceful relationships, the joy of friendship, and the gentle serenity found in idealized environments. Quick Tip: Friendship and peace are often depicted as sources of emotional and spiritual fulfillment, helping individuals experience joy and harmony.

Explanation of the line:


This line conveys a sense of frustration and anticipation. The repetition of "must wait" and "must stand and wait" emphasizes the speaker’s feelings of impatience and resignation. The speaker is compelled to wait, perhaps because someone else has taken their place, symbolized by "there he was at the trough before me." The trough represents something desirable or necessary, and the idea that the other person is already there conveys the sense of missing out or being denied access.


The line could symbolize moments in life where one must endure delays or setbacks before they can take their turn or achieve their goal. The speaker’s waiting is a metaphor for patience, perhaps in the face of injustice or inconvenience.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, this line reflects the feelings of frustration and anticipation when waiting for something important, highlighting the emotional strain that comes with the passage of time and missed opportunities. Quick Tip: Patience is often tested during moments of delay or when one feels denied something important, yet it can teach resilience.

Letter:


Date: 8th October 2025


Dear [Friend's Name],


I hope this letter finds you in the best of health and spirits. As the Pooja holidays are fast approaching, I wanted to take this opportunity to invite you to spend these festive days with me and my family. We have been planning a small get-together at our house to celebrate the occasion, and it would be incomplete without you.


The entire family is eagerly waiting for your visit, and we have arranged a lot of fun activities, including family games, traditional prayers, and of course, lots of delicious food. This would be a great chance for us to catch up and celebrate together, just like we used to in the old days. I’m sure you will enjoy every moment of it.


Please let me know if you can make it. I am looking forward to spending the holidays with you and making it an unforgettable time. Do take care, and I hope to hear from you soon.


Warm regards,

[Your Name] Quick Tip: When writing a letter of invitation, be sure to include the details of the event, a warm tone, and a personal touch to make the invite more appealing.

Application:


Date: 8th October 2025


To,

The Class Teacher,

[School Name],

[School Address]


Subject: Request for Extra Mathematics Classes


Respected Sir/Madam,


I hope this letter finds you well. I am a student of Class [Class Name] and I am writing to request you to kindly arrange some extra classes for Mathematics. As we are preparing for the upcoming exams, I feel that extra practice in this subject would help me and my classmates strengthen our concepts and improve our performance.


There are certain topics that we are finding difficult to grasp, and additional lessons would provide us with the opportunity to clarify our doubts. I believe that these extra classes will be extremely beneficial in enhancing our understanding of the subject.


I kindly request you to consider this matter and arrange extra classes at your earliest convenience. I am sure that this initiative will be greatly appreciated by all the students.


Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your positive response.


Yours sincerely,

[Your Name]

Class [Class Name]
Quick Tip: When writing an application, be clear and polite while stating your request. Ensure you address the concerned person properly and express gratitude.

According to Mahatma Gandhi, modern civilization is characterized by materialism, excessive consumption, and an obsession with progress, which ultimately harms human dignity and the environment. He believed that true civilization should focus on spiritual growth, moral values, and simplicity. For Gandhi, the essence of civilization lay in non-violence, self-sufficiency, and compassion towards all living beings.
Quick Tip: Gandhi’s vision of civilization emphasized moral integrity, self-reliance, and non-materialistic values, advocating a return to simpler, more harmonious living.

Politicians are afraid of the press because the media holds the power to shape public opinion and expose their actions. A critical press can reveal corruption, mistakes, or mismanagement, which can significantly damage a politician's reputation and career. The fear stems from the loss of control over their image and public trust.
Quick Tip: The press plays a crucial role in holding public figures accountable, which can make them wary of being scrutinized.

Martin Luther King's speech, particularly his "I Have a Dream" speech, reveals his vision of a future where all individuals, regardless of race, are treated with equality and justice. It highlights the injustices faced by African Americans and emphasizes non-violence, unity, and the importance of civil rights in achieving social harmony and freedom.
Quick Tip: King’s speech is a powerful call for justice, equality, and a peaceful movement against racial discrimination.

Seibi’s heartbeat faster due to a surge of excitement and anxiety when he found himself in a difficult or tense situation. This could have been caused by a sudden realization or a dramatic event that heightened his emotional state. His body’s physical reaction, such as a racing heartbeat, indicates the intense emotional impact of the moment.
Quick Tip: Emotions like fear, excitement, or anxiety trigger a physiological response, causing increased heart rate.

After the poetess's grandmother’s death, she experienced deep sorrow and emotional upheaval. The poetess felt a profound loss, and her grief was compounded by the realization of the inevitable separation between herself and her loved ones. Her sense of loss represented a broader emotional experience of mourning and the inevitable passage of time.
Quick Tip: Grief after the loss of a loved one often leads to introspection and a deeper understanding of life and death.

The fire-hymn speaks to the poet, imparting wisdom or guidance through the symbolism of fire. Fire, often associated with purification, destruction, and renewal, may represent transformation or the potential for change. The poet, listening to the hymn, is likely reflecting on these themes, considering their own journey or the larger human condition.
Quick Tip: Symbols like fire in literature often convey deeper meanings related to transformation, destruction, or enlightenment.

The poet threw the wooden log at the snake out of instinctive fear and self-preservation. The snake, representing danger or an immediate threat, prompted a quick response. The action of throwing the log may symbolize the human tendency to react to fear with aggression or defense, even without full rational thought.
Quick Tip: Instinctual responses to danger often involve defensive actions, driven by fear or the desire to protect oneself.

The poet views love for one's country as a profound and emotional connection, symbolizing pride, sacrifice, and commitment. However, the poet also reflects on how blind patriotism or excessive loyalty can sometimes lead to irrational actions. The poet encourages a balanced and thoughtful approach to patriotism, one that is rooted in reason and respect for all citizens.
Quick Tip: Patriotism is best expressed through a rational understanding of one's country, promoting unity and respect for others.

The future of English in India is promising, as it continues to play a significant role in education, business, and communication. It is increasingly seen as a language of global interaction, fostering international ties and economic opportunities. However, while English remains influential, regional languages are also being preserved and promoted.
Quick Tip: English in India is likely to remain a dominant language in various sectors, but the preservation of regional languages is equally important.

The University Wits were a group of late 16th-century English playwrights who were educated at Oxford or Cambridge. They were instrumental in shaping Elizabethan theatre, with Christopher Marlowe being the most notable member. Their works brought a new sophistication to English drama, influencing the works of William Shakespeare and others.
Quick Tip: The University Wits played a key role in the development of Elizabethan theatre, bringing intellectual depth and innovation to the stage.

Summary of "Macavity: The Mystery Cat":


"Macavity: The Mystery Cat" is a poem by T.S. Eliot that introduces a mischievous and elusive cat named Macavity, who is known for his cunning and mystery. He is described as a criminal mastermind, always evading capture and escaping punishment. The poem highlights how Macavity defies the laws of logic and is never where he is expected to be. The authorities, including the police and the detective, are unable to catch him, making him a figure of intrigue and fear. Despite his devious nature, Macavity's charm lies in his ability to outwit everyone, embodying the qualities of a master criminal who is impossible to catch. The poem is written in a humorous tone, reflecting the playful mystery surrounding the cat.
Quick Tip: T.S. Eliot's "Macavity: The Mystery Cat" is a playful and humorous poem that presents Macavity as a symbol of mystery and cleverness, a criminal who cannot be caught.

Summary of "Snake":


"Snake" by D.H. Lawrence is a poem about a man's encounter with a snake at a water trough. The speaker, who is initially filled with awe and respect for the snake's beauty, experiences a conflict within himself. On one hand, he recognizes the snake as a dignified creature deserving of admiration, but on the other hand, he feels compelled by social conditioning to harm it. The speaker's inner struggle is evident as he contemplates whether to kill the snake, which he later regrets. The poem explores themes of nature, the irrationality of human instincts, and the conflict between societal rules and natural instincts. Ultimately, the poet reflects on his actions and feels guilty for having followed the destructive urges of society instead of acting in harmony with nature.
Quick Tip: "Snake" symbolizes the conflict between human instincts and societal influences, exploring the tension between admiration and fear.

Summary of "An Epitaph":


"An Epitaph" by Sir Walter Raleigh is a short poem that reflects on the fleeting nature of life and the ultimate fate of all human beings. The poet uses the epitaph, which is typically a brief inscription on a tombstone, to express that death is inevitable for everyone, regardless of their station in life. Raleigh emphasizes the idea that earthly achievements and status hold no significance once a person passes away. The poem conveys a message about the transient nature of human existence, urging the reader to reflect on the brevity of life and the importance of humility. In this way, Raleigh's poem serves as a reminder of mortality and the equality of all in death.
Quick Tip: "An Epitaph" is a meditation on mortality, reminding us of the equalizing force of death and the fleeting nature of human life.

Summary of "How Free is the Press":


In the essay "How Free is the Press", the author discusses the concept of press freedom and its limitations. The press is often considered the fourth pillar of democracy, serving as a check on government power and a voice for the people. However, the essay highlights that the press is not entirely free, as it is influenced by political, economic, and social forces. The author explains how governments often impose censorship, and media outlets are sometimes owned by powerful corporations that dictate editorial policies. The essay calls for a truly independent press, which can act without bias or external pressures. The press should focus on truth, transparency, and accountability to uphold its democratic role.
Quick Tip: Press freedom is vital for democracy, but it requires independence from political and corporate influences to serve its true purpose.

Summary of "A Marriage Proposal":


"A Marriage Proposal" is a humorous one-act play by Anton Chekhov. It revolves around the comical situation where two characters, Lomov and Natalia, attempt to get married. Lomov, who is anxious and overexcited, arrives at Natalia’s house to propose, but the conversation turns into an argument over trivial issues like land and dogs. The proposal is delayed due to these disagreements, revealing the ridiculousness of their relationship. Eventually, despite the chaos, the play ends with the two agreeing to marry, highlighting the absurdity and farcical nature of human relationships and the concept of marriage. The play humorously critiques societal norms and human behavior.
Quick Tip: Chekhov’s play uses humor to explore the contradictions and trivialities in human relationships, particularly the absurdity of social conventions.

Summary of "Bharat is My Home":


"Bharat is My Home" is an evocative prose piece that reflects the author’s deep love for his homeland, India. The essay highlights the rich cultural heritage, diversity, and historical significance of the country. The author expresses a profound connection with the land, describing how its beauty, people, and traditions form an integral part of his identity. The piece also addresses the challenges and complexities of Indian society, but the underlying message is one of pride and respect for the nation’s unity in diversity. The author emphasizes that, despite its flaws, India remains a place of hope, unity, and belonging.
Quick Tip: The essay emphasizes the emotional and cultural connection that binds an individual to their homeland, particularly through a sense of belonging and identity.

Short Note on Old English:


Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest form of the English language spoken in England and southern Scotland from approximately the 5th to the 12th century. It evolved from the Germanic languages brought to Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers. Old English was a highly inflected language with complex grammar and a vocabulary that was heavily influenced by Latin and Norse due to historical invasions and trade. The language is quite different from modern English, both in terms of vocabulary and structure. Works like "Beowulf" are some of the most notable examples written in Old English. Over time, Old English gradually transitioned into Middle English, influenced by the Norman Conquest and the subsequent infusion of Norman French vocabulary.
Quick Tip: Old English is difficult to understand today due to its distinct vocabulary, grammar, and phonetics compared to Modern English.

Difference between a Short Story and a Novel:


The primary difference between a short story and a novel lies in their length and structure. A short story is a brief narrative, typically ranging from 1,000 to 20,000 words, that focuses on a single event, character, or theme. It is designed to be read in one sitting and has a single, clear point or moral. In contrast, a novel is a much longer work, usually over 40,000 words, and often features multiple subplots, a larger cast of characters, and a more intricate narrative structure. Novels allow for more detailed character development and thematic exploration. While a short story provides a concise experience, a novel provides a more expansive and detailed immersion into the story.
Quick Tip: A short story is concise and focuses on a single moment, while a novel is longer and provides a more detailed exploration of characters and themes.

Difficulties of a Second Language Learner:


Learning a second language presents various challenges. One of the primary difficulties is mastering pronunciation and the phonetic differences between the learner’s native language and the target language. This can lead to mispronunciations or misunderstandings. Another challenge is the acquisition of grammar rules, as they can vary greatly between languages. For instance, word order, tense usage, and sentence structure can differ, making it hard to form correct sentences. Vocabulary acquisition is also a significant hurdle, as many words have multiple meanings depending on context. Additionally, cultural differences and idiomatic expressions pose challenges, as learners may not fully understand the cultural nuances embedded in language use. Lastly, a lack of practice or exposure to the language in real-life situations can hinder fluency.
Quick Tip: Second language learners often struggle with pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and cultural nuances. Regular practice and exposure are key to overcoming these challenges.

N/A Quick Tip: When matching poems to their poets, pay attention to the themes and style of the poem. This can help you identify the poet who fits best.

N/A Quick Tip: When translating sentences, make sure to maintain the sentence structure and use the appropriate tense in English.

N/A Quick Tip: When matching prose-pieces with their authors, consider the content, themes, and cultural context of the work to find the appropriate author.

Answer:

The monsoon is a seasonal wind pattern that brings heavy rainfall to regions, particularly in Asia and Africa. It occurs between June and September and is caused by the temperature difference between land and ocean. The warm land causes moist air from the ocean to flow inland, resulting in rainfall. Monsoons are essential for agriculture, as they provide water for crops like rice and tea. However, they can also cause flooding and landslides, disrupting livelihoods and infrastructure. Climate change has made monsoon patterns more unpredictable, leading to either excessive rainfall or drought.
Quick Tip: Monsoons play a crucial role in agriculture but can also bring challenges like flooding and infrastructure damage.

Answer:

The monsoon rains typically occur between June and September. During this period, temperature differences between land and ocean create wind patterns that bring moist air from the ocean, leading to significant rainfall in affected regions.
Quick Tip: Monsoon rains are crucial for agriculture and water sources, primarily occurring from June to September in many parts of Asia and Africa.

Answer:

Climate change can affect monsoon patterns by making them more unpredictable. The passage mentions that climate change causes either excessive rainfall or drought, leading to severe fluctuations in the monsoon. These changes can disrupt agriculture, water sources, and infrastructure, making monsoon seasons either more intense or less reliable. Unpredictable rainfall can also result in floods or water shortages, adversely affecting livelihoods and the economy.
Quick Tip: Climate change disrupts seasonal weather patterns, which can lead to unpredictable monsoons and significantly impact agricultural practices and water availability.