Electric Charges and Fields, Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Lines, Electric Dipole, Gauss’s Law and Applications, Electrostatic Potential, Equipotential Surfaces, Capacitance, Capacitors in Series and Parallel, Dielectrics, Energy Stored in a Capacitor, Van de Graaff Generator.

Electric Current, Ohm’s Law, Resistance and Resistivity, Temperature Dependence of Resistance, Electrical Energy and Power, EMF and Internal Resistance, Kirchhoff’s Laws, Wheatstone Bridge, Metre Bridge, Potentiometer and its Applications.

Biot-Savart’s Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law, Solenoid and Toroid, Force on a Moving Charge, Cyclotron, Moving Coil Galvanometer, Conversion to Ammeter and Voltmeter; Bar Magnet as Equivalent Solenoid, Earth’s Magnetism, Magnetic Susceptibility, Hysteresis Loop, Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets.

Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction, Lenz’s Law, Motional EMF, Eddy Currents, Self-Inductance, Mutual Inductance; AC Generator, RMS Values, Reactance and Impedance, LC Oscillations, LCR Series Circuit, Resonance, Power Factor, AC Transformer.

Displacement Current, Maxwell’s Equations (qualitative treatment), Electromagnetic Spectrum (Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, UV, X-rays, Gamma rays), Properties and Uses of EM Waves in Different Frequency Bands.

Reflection at Spherical Surfaces, Mirror Formula, Refraction at Spherical Surfaces, Thin Lens Formula, Lensmaker’s Equation, Refraction through a Prism, Dispersion, Scattering of Light; Microscope and Telescope; Huygens’ Principle, Reflection and Refraction of Wavefronts, Young’s Double Slit Experiment, Interference, Diffraction of Light, Polarisation, Brewster’s Law, Malus’s Law.

Photoelectric Effect, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation, Stopping Potential, Threshold Frequency, Work Function, Wave Nature of Matter, de Broglie Wavelength, Davisson-Germer Experiment.

Rutherford’s Nuclear Model, Bohr’s Atomic Model, Energy Levels, Hydrogen Spectrum; Nuclear Composition and Size, Mass Defect, Binding Energy, Radioactivity, Alpha/Beta/Gamma Decay, Radioactive Decay Law, Half-Life, Nuclear Fission and Fusion.

Energy Bands in Solids, p-n Junction Diode, Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification, Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator, LED, Photodiode, Solar Cell; Transistor (n-p-n and p-n-p), CE Configuration, Transistor as Amplifier and Switch; Logic Gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR), De Morgan’s Theorems.

Elements of a Communication System, Bandwidth of Signals, Bandwidth of Transmission Medium, Propagation of EM Waves, Modulation (AM and FM), Demodulation, Internet, Mobile Telephony, Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite Communication.