MCQs On Physical World

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Jasmine Grover

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Physical world includes the complexity of the natural world around us. It is a kind of analysis of the physical world around us to understand how it works. The fundamental forces that govern nature are:

  • Gravitational Force is a universal force that exists as a result of mutual attraction between any two objects with respect to their masses.
  • Electromagnetic Force can be understood as the force that exists between the charged particles. The force is given by Coulomb’s law.
  • Strong Nuclear Force is the force that binds the protons and neutrons in a nucleus. Of all the fundamental forces in nature, a strong nuclear force is the strongest as its name suggests.
  • Weak Nuclear Force can only be observed in some of the nuclear processes. For instance, the beta decay of the nucleus.

The conservation laws in physics are very important to understand the working of nature around us. These laws include Laws of Conservation of Mass, Laws of Conservation of Momentum, Laws of Conservation of Energy, and Laws of Conservation of Charge.

Ques 1. Who discovered the law of inertia?

  1. Archimedes
  2. Isaac Newton
  3. Galileo Galilei
  4. Albert Einstein

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Ans: c. Galileo Galilei

Explanation: The law of inertia states that a body will remain in the same state of motion till no net force is applied over it. Galileo’s law of inertia is also known as Newton’s first law of motion. It can also be understood as a body that is moving at a constant speed in a straight line or is at rest will continue to move in the straight line or remain at rest until and unless it is acted on by an external force.

Ques 2. LASER acronym is used for

  1. Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
  2. Light attenuation by stimulated emission of radiation
  3. Both a and b
  4. None of the above

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Ans: a. Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Explanation: LASER is a device that emits light. The electrons move from lower to higher energy orbit. The electron gets excited when atoms in optometric materials such as crystal, gas or glass absorb the energy from light or electrical current. 

Ques 3. In which of the following, Newton’s law of motion is used as the scientific principle?

  1. Electric Generators
  2. Rocket Propulsion
  3. Computers
  4. All of the above

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Ans: b. Rocket Propulsion

Explanation: Newton’s third law of motion is the scientific principle used in Rocket Propulsion. Thrust through action and reaction is produced by a rocket engine. The hot gases produced by the engine of rocket flow out through the back of the engine. As a result of this action, thrusting force is produced in the opposite reaction. 

Ques 4. Which of the following is the strongest force among the other fundamental forces?

  1. Electromagnetic Force
  2. Weak Nuclear Force
  3. Strong Nuclear Force
  4. Gravitational Force

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Ans: c. Strong Nuclear Force

Explanation: On exchanging of the particles a strong nuclear force is created between Nucleons. The force which exists between Neutrons and protons to keep the nucleus together is the Strong Nuclear Force. It is the strongest force among the four fundamentals forces present in nature.

Ques 5. Which force is charge independent?

  1. Gravitational Force
  2. Weak Nuclear Force
  3. Strong Nuclear Force
  4. Electromagnetic Force

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Ans: c. Strong Nuclear Force

Explanation: The Strong Nuclear Force is charge independent. When the electromagnetic forces are ignored, the force between two neutrons, two protons or a neutron and a proton in the quantum mechanical state is nearly the same.

Ques 6. What is the range of the electromagnetic force?

  1. Infinite
  2. Finite
  3. Short
  4. Very short

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Ans: a Infinite

Explanation: The Electromagnetic force is the same of the same form as the gravitational force. It obeys the inverse square law and the force is of an infinite range. The electromagnetic force acts on the particles that are electrically charged. 

Ques 7. The principle of reflection of the ultrasonic waves is used in

  1. Optical Fiber
  2. LASER
  3. RADAR
  4. SONAR

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Ans: d. SONAR

Explanation: The SONAR is a technique that uses sound propagation to measure distances, navigation, communication or detection of objects that are present on or under the water surface. It uses reflected and transmitted underwater sound waves for the detection of objects that are submerged under the water. SONAR helps to locate the object by measuring the distance.

Ques 8. Which principle is used in the optical fibres?

  1. Total internal refraction
  2. Total internal reflection
  3. Both a and b
  4. None of the above

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Ans: b. Total Internal Reflection

Explanation: Optical fibres work on the principle of Total Internal Reflection. Optical Fibre is a thin rod made up of high-quality glass, The light enters from one end of the optical fibre and is repeatedly reflected internally and emerges at the other end. This principle of total internal reflection is used in the working of Cameras, telescopes, periscopes and binoculars. 

Ques 9. The photoelectric effect is the principle that is used in

  1. SONAR
  2. LASER
  3. Computers
  4. photocell

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Ans: d. Photocell

Explanation: The device that uses the photoelectric effect is known as Photocells. A metal emits electrons when light strikes the metal and the other metal plate present in the photocell. Photocells are used for the light-sensitive applications of automatic on-at-dusk street lights and photographic light meters. Photocells are also used for counting the vehicles on the roads. 

Ques 10. Who discovered X-rays?

  1. W K Roentgen
  2. J J Thomson
  3. J C Bose
  4. Albert Einstein

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Ans: a. W K Roentgen

Explanation: An X ray is a test that helps in producing images of bone structure from inside the body. The beams are passed through the body. Depending on the material through which the rays are passed, they are absorbed in different amounts. It helps doctors in checking the symptoms of the body, diagnosing injuries, joint changes and arthritis.

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

1.

An object of size 3.0 cm is placed 14cm in front of a concave lens of focal length 21cm. Describe the image produced by the lens. What happens if the object is moved further away from the lens?

      2.
      A closely wound solenoid of \(2000 \) turns and area of cross-section \(1.6 × 10^{-4}\  m^2\), carrying a current of \(4.0 \ A\), is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane. 
      (a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid?
      (b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of \(7.5 × 10^{-2}\  T\) is set up at an angle of \(30º\) with the axis of the solenoid?

          3.
          A series LCR circuit with R = 20 W, L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, what is the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?

              4.
              A circular disc is rotating about its own axis at uniform angular velocity \(\omega.\) The disc is subjected to uniform angular retardation by which its angular velocity is decreased to \(\frac {\omega}{2}\) during 120 rotations. The number of rotations further made by it before coming to rest is

                • 120
                • 60
                • 40
                • 20

                5.

                Three capacitors each of capacitance 9 pF are connected in series. 

                (a) What is the total capacitance of the combination? 

                (b) What is the potential difference across each capacitor if the combination is connected to a 120 V supply?

                    6.
                    A spherical conductor of radius 12 cm has a charge of 1.6 × 10–7C distributed uniformly on its surface. What is the electric field ?
                    1. inside the sphere
                    2. just outside the sphere
                    3. at a point 18 cm from the centre of the sphere?

                        CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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