Structure and Physiography Class 11 Geography Solutions 2026-27

The correct answers are (i) (c) 10^∘ Channel and (ii) (a) Nilgiri hills. Concept used. This question checks two fixed physical geography facts. The Ten Degree Channel separates the Andaman group from the Nicobar group. Dodabeta peak is located in the Nilgiri hills.

1. For part (i), the Andaman islands lie to the north and the Nicobar islands lie to the south.
2. The water body between them is called the Ten Degree Channel, so option (c) is correct.
3. The Gulf of Mannar lies near the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coast, not between these island groups.
4. For part (ii), Dodabeta is the well-known high peak of the Nilgiri hills.
5. Anaimalai, Cardamom and Nallamala hills belong to other parts of the Peninsular relief.

The correct sequence is (i) (c) 10^∘ Channel and (ii) (a) Nilgiri hills.

Lakshadweep is reached from the western coastal plain, especially the Kerala coast. The cold desert is in Ladakh, with Karakoram, Ladakh, Zanskar and Pir Panjal ranges. The western coastal plain lacks large deltas because its rivers are short, swift and west flowing. Concept used. Physical location controls route, climate and river deposition. Lakshadweep lies in the Arabian Sea off Kerala. Ladakh is a high-altitude cold desert. The west coast is narrow and steep near the Western Ghats.

1. Travel to Lakshadweep. A person would prefer the western coastal plain, mainly the Kerala or Malabar coast. Lakshadweep lies in the Arabian Sea, about 220-440 km off the Kerala coast, so this is the nearest practical sea route.
2. Cold desert. A cold desert is found in Ladakh, in the northwestern Himalayan region. Important ranges linked with this region include the Karakoram, Ladakh, Zanskar and Pir Panjal ranges.
3. No large delta on the western coast. The western coastal plain is narrow. The Western Ghats stand close to the Arabian Sea, so west-flowing rivers are short and have steep gradients. They flow fast, carry sediment to the sea quickly and commonly form estuaries instead of broad deltas.

Lakshadweep is best approached from the western coastal plain near Kerala. Ladakh is India's cold desert and is linked with the Karakoram, Ladakh, Zanskar and Pir Panjal ranges. The western coast lacks large deltas because short, swift rivers have little space and time for deposition.

Concept: physiographic comparison and fluvial landforms. Arabian Sea islands are coral Lakshadweep-Minicoy, while Bay of Bengal islands are larger Andaman-Nicobar. River plains show Bhabar, Tarai, alluvial plains, meanders, oxbow lakes, braided channels and deltas; the Ganga route moves from Himalayan valleys to the Sunderbans delta. Concept used. Physiography studies landforms through structure, process and stage of development. Island origin, river deposition and the Ganga route show how different processes shape relief.

(i) Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal islands.

1. The Arabian Sea island group includes Lakshadweep and Minicoy.
2. These islands lie off the Kerala coast and are built mainly of coral deposits.
3. They are smaller and more scattered, with only some islands inhabited.
4. The Bay of Bengal island group includes the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
5. They are more numerous and form an elevated part of submarine mountains.
6. Some smaller islands are volcanic. Barren Island is India's only active volcano.
7. The Ten Degree Channel separates the Andaman group from the Nicobar group.

(ii) River valley plains. The northern plains are built by alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems. Important features include Bhabar, Tarai, Bhangar, Khadar, sand bars, meanders, oxbow lakes, braided channels, riverine islands and large deltas.

(iii) From Badrinath to the Sunderbans delta. Near Badrinath, the Ganga system flows through young Himalayan mountains with gorges, steep valleys and fast-flowing streams. At the foothills, it enters the Bhabar and Tarai belts. Farther south, it crosses the alluvial northern plain with floodplains, meanders, oxbow lakes and braided channels. Near the mouth, it forms distributaries and the Sunderbans delta.

Arabian Sea islands such as Lakshadweep and Minicoy are small coral islands off Kerala, while Bay of Bengal islands such as Andaman and Nicobar are larger submarine and volcanic groups. River valley plains show Bhabar, Tarai, Bhangar, Khadar, meanders, oxbow lakes, braided channels and deltas. Along the Ganga, landforms change from Himalayan valleys to foothills, alluvial plains and the Sunderbans delta.

Use an atlas for the peak list and a state map for the second task. A sample west-to-east peak order is Nanga Parbat, Kamet, Nanda Devi, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Everest, Kanchenjunga and Namcha Barwa. Concept used. Project work checks map reading and regional analysis. It asks students to arrange mountain peaks spatially and then link landforms with occupations in their own state.

(i) Himalayan peaks from west to east. A useful atlas-based sequence is:

1. Nanga Parbat
2. Kamet
3. Nanda Devi
4. Dhaulagiri
5. Annapurna
6. Mount Everest
7. Kanchenjunga
8. Namcha Barwa

(ii) State landforms and economic activity. Students should adapt this part to their own state. The method is:

1. Identify major landforms such as plains, plateaus, hills, valleys, coast, desert or river basin.
2. Mark them on a simple outline map.
3. Note the main activity in each area, such as farming, fishing, forestry, tourism, mining, trade, industry or transport.
4. Write one reason for each link. For example, alluvial plains support farming, coastal belts support fishing and ports, and mineral plateaus support mining.

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The project should use an atlas for peak order and a state map for landform-based occupations. The strongest answer names each landform, its location and its main economic activity.