The CA Syllabus is formulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountant of India (ICAI). The CA course is divided into 3 levels: Foundation, Intermediate and Final. CA syllabus mainly focuses on various subjects such as Financial Reporting, Strategic Financial Management, Advanced Accounting and many others. CA Syllabus for each level is to be completed within a given period of time to appear for the CA exams. The exams are conducted twice a year in May and November.
CA Course Details
Chartered Accountancy or CA is a professional Certification course that deals with the study of Accounting, Financial Statements, Auditing, and Taxation. CA exam is conducted twice a year, once in May and the second in November and is divided into three levels namely (Foundation, Intermediate, and Final). CA is a highly demanded course that helps candidates find lucrative and highly paid job opportunities in the government and private sectors.
| CA Full Form | Chartered Accountant |
| CA Levels | CA Foundation, CA Inter, and CA Final |
| CA Eligibility |
Foundation: 50% in class 12 Inter: Clear Foundation or graduation with 50% Final: Clear Foundation and Inter with work experience |
| CA Admission Process | Entrance exam |
| Course Type | Certificate |
| CA Registration Fees |
Foundation: INR 9800 Inter: INR 18,000 Final: INR 22,000 |
| CA Jobs | Accountant, Financial Manager, Banker, Taxation Consultant, Consultant |
CA Eligibility Criteria
Mentioned below are the Eligibility requirements that one needs to fulfill the candidates wishing to appear in the CA exam.
- Candidates must have completed their 10th and 10+2 from any recognized Board.
- One must have to pass their 10+2 with a minimum aggregate of 50% marks in any stream preferably Commerce.
- There is no age restriction to apply for the CA foundation course.
CA Syllabus
Since the CA exam is divided into three levels, the CA syllabus also varies depending upon the categories of the exam. However, the CA syllabus mainly focuses on various subjects such as Financial Reporting, Strategic Financial Management, Advanced Accounting, and many others. The detailed breakdown of the latest CA Syllabus based on the CA exam level is mentioned below in the later sections.
CA Foundation Syllabus
CA Foundation or CPT is the entry-level exam conducted by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) for the Chartered Accountancy (CA) course. The CA Foundation Syllabus helps the students to understand various accounting principles and their implications on various kinds of accounts.
The CA Foundation is further divided into four Papers. The CA Foundation Syllabus imparts in-depth knowledge of Business Laws, Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning & Statistics, Business Economics, and Commercial Knowledge.
CA Foundation Subjects
Tabulated below is the subject-wise breakdown of the latest CFA Foundation Syllabus for your reference:
| Paper 1: Principles and Practice of Accounting | Paper 2: Business Laws & Business Correspondence and Reporting |
|---|---|
| Theoretical Framework | Section A |
| Accounting Process | The Indian Contract Act, 1872 |
| Bank Reconciliations Statement | The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 |
| Inventories | The Indian Partnership Act, 1932 |
| Concept and Accounting of Depreciation | The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 |
| Accounting for Special Transactions | The Companies Act, 2013 |
| Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors | Section B |
| Partnership Accounts | Business Correspondence and Reporting |
| Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations | Communication |
| Introduction to Company Accounts | Sentence Types |
| - | Vocabulary Root Words, Synonyms, Antonyms, Prefixes, |
| - | Suffixes, Phrasal Verbs, Collocations & Idioms |
| - | Comprehension Passages |
| - | Note Making |
| - | Introduction to basic writing |
| - | Precis Writing |
| - | Article Writing |
| - | Report Writing |
| - | Writing Formal Letters |
| - | Writing Formal Emails |
| - | Resume Writing Meetings |
| Paper 3: Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning & Statistics | Paper 4: Business Economics and Business and Commercial Knowledge |
| Part A: Business Mathematics | Part I - Business Economics |
| Ratio and Proportion, Indices and Logarithms | Introduction to Business Economics |
| Equations and Matrices | Theory of Demand and Supply |
| Linear Inequalities with Objective Functions and Optimization w.r.t. objective function | Theory of Production and Cost |
| Time Value of Money | Price Determination in Different Markets |
| Permutations and Combinations | Business Cycles |
| Sequence and Series | Part II - Business and Commercial Knowledge |
| Sets, Relations, and Functions | Business and Commercial Knowledge - An Introduction |
| Basic applications of Differential and Integral calculus | Business Environment |
| Part B: Logical Reasoning | Business Organizations |
| Number series, Coding and Decoding, and the odd man out. | Government Policies for Business Growth |
| Direction Tests | Organizations Facilitating Business |
| Seating Arrangements | Common Business Terminologies |
| Blood Relations | - |
| Syllogism | - |
| Part C: Statistics | - |
| Statistical Description of Data | - |
| Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion | - |
| Probability | - |
| Theoretical Distributions | - |
| Correlation and Regression | - |
| Index Numbers and Time Series | - |
CA Intermediate Syllabus
CA Intermediate is the second level of the CA exam. The CA Intermediate Syllabus is divided into two groups with four subjects each. The CA Syllabus for the CA Intermediate level covers the Advanced sections of Accounting, Company Laws, Taxation, Auditing, Strategic Management, and various other related topics.
CA Intermediate Subjects
The CA Syllabus for the CA Intermediate level based on different papers and subjects is tabulated below:
| Group I | |
|---|---|
| Paper 1: Accounting | Paper 2: Corporate and Other Laws |
| Process of formulation of Accounting Standards including Ind ASs (IFRS converged standards) and IFRSs; convergence vs adoption; objective and concepts of carve-outs. | Part I: Company Law |
| Framework for Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements (as per Accounting Standards). | The Companies Act, 2013 - Sections 1 to 148 |
| Application of Accounting Standards | Part II: Other Laws |
| Company Accounts | The Indian Contract Act, 1872 |
| Accounting for Special Transactions | The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 |
| Special Type of Accounting | The General Clauses Act, 1897 |
| - | Interpretation of Statutes |
| Paper 3: Cost and Management Accounting | Paper 4: Taxation |
| Overview of Cost and Management Accounting | Section A: Income-tax Law |
| Introduction to Cost and Management Accounting | Basic Concepts |
| Elements of Cost and Preparation of Cost Sheets | Residential status and scope of total income |
| Ascertainment of Cost and Cost Accounting System | Incomes that do not form part of total income (other than charitable trusts and institutions, political parties, and electoral trusts) |
| Material Cost | Heads of income and the provisions governing the computation of income under different heads |
| Employee Cost | Income of other persons included in the assessee's total income |
| Overheads | Aggregation of income; Set-off, or carry forward and set-off of losses |
| Concepts of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) | Deductions from gross total income |
| Recording and Accounting of Costs | Computation of total income and tax liability of individuals |
| Methods of Costing | Advance tax, tax deduction at source, and introduction to tax collection at source |
| Single Output/ Unit Costing | Provisions for filing return of income and self-assessment |
| Job Costing | Section B: Indirect Taxes |
| Batch Costing | Concept of indirect taxes |
| Contract Costing | Goods and Services Tax (GST) Laws |
| Process / Operation Costing | - |
| Costing of Service Sectors | - |
| Cost Control and Analysis | - |
| Standard Costing | - |
| Marginal Costing | - |
| Budget and Budgetary Control | - |
| Group II | |
| Paper 5: Advanced Accounting) | Paper 6: Auditing and Assurance |
| Application of Accounting Standards | Nature, Objective, and Scope of Audit |
| Special Aspects of Company Accounts | Audit Strategy, Audit Planning and Audit Programme |
| Reorganization and liquidation of Companies | Audit Documentation and Audit Evidence |
| Banking Companies and Non-Banking Financial Companies and regulatory requirements thereof. | Risk Assessment and Internal Control |
| Consolidated Financial Statements | Fraud and Responsibilities of the Auditor in this Regard |
| Dissolution of partnership firms including piecemeal distribution of assets; Amalgamation of partnership firms; Conversion of partnership firm into a company and Sale to a company; Issues related to accounting in Limited Liability Partnership. | Audit in an Automated Environment |
| - | Audit Sampling |
| - | Analytical Procedures |
| - | Audit of Items of Financial Statements |
| - | The Company Audit |
| - | Audit Report |
| - | Audit of Banks |
| - | Audit of Different Types of Entities |
| Paper 7: Enterprise Information Systems & Strategic Management | Paper 8: Financial Management & Economics for Finance |
| Section A: Enterprise Information System | Section A - Financial Management |
| Automated Business Processes | Financial Management and Financial Analysis |
| Financial and Accounting Systems | Introduction to Financial Management Function |
| Information Systems and its Components | Financial Analysis through Ratios |
| E-commerce, M-commerce, and Emerging Technologies | Financing Decisions |
| Core Banking Systems | Sources of Finance |
| Section B: Strategic Management | Cost of Capital |
| Introduction to Strategic Management | Capital Structure Decisions |
| Dynamics of Competitive Strategy | Leverages |
| Strategic Management Process | Capital Investment and Dividend Decisions |
| Corporate Level Strategies | Capital Investment Decisions |
| Business Level Strategies | Adjustment of Risk and Uncertainty in Capital Budgeting Decision |
| Functional Level Strategies | Dividend Decisions |
| Organisation and Strategic Leadership | Management of Working Capital |
| Strategy Implementation and Control | Management of Working Capital |
| - | Section B: Economics for Finance |
| - | Determination of National Income |
| - | Public Finance |
| - | The Money Market |
| - | International Trade |
CA Final Syllabus
The CA Final is one of the toughest exams in the country due to its passing percentage. It covers the vast syllabus on various aspects of Risk Management, International Finance Laws, Financial Management, Advanced Auditing, and many other subjects covered in the CA Syllabus. CA Final Syllabus is tabulated below in a detailed manner.
CA Final Subjects
Tabulated below is the detailed subject-wise breakdown of the latest CA Final Syllabus:
| Paper 1: Financial Reporting | Paper 2: Strategic Financial Management |
|---|---|
| Framework for Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements | Financial Policy and Corporate Strategy |
| Application of Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) | Risk Management |
| Indian Accounting Standards on Group Accounting | Security Analysis |
| Accounting and Reporting of Financial Instruments (as per Ind AS) | Security Valuation |
| Analysis of Financial Statements | Portfolio Management |
| Integrated Reporting | Securitization |
| Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting | Mutual Funds |
| - | Derivatives Analysis and Valuation |
| - | Foreign Exchange Exposure and Risk Management |
| - | International Financial Management |
| - | Interest Rate Risk Management |
| - | Corporate Valuation |
| - | Mergers, Acquisitions and Corporate Restructuring |
| - | Startup Finance |
| Paper 3: Advanced Auditing & Professional Ethics | Paper 4: Corporate and Economic Laws |
| Auditing Standards, Statements, and Guidance Notes | Part I: Corporate Laws |
| Audit Planning, Strategy and Execution | Section A: Company Law |
| Risk Assessment and Internal Control | The Companies Act, 2013 |
| Special Aspects of Auditing in an Automated Environment | Corporate Secretarial Practice |
| Audit of Limited Companies | Section B: Securities Laws |
| Audit Reports | The Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956 and the Securities Contract (Regulation) Rules, 1957: Introduction and important provisions |
| Audit Committee and Corporate Governance | The Securities Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, and SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirement) Regulations, 2015 |
| Audit of Consolidated Financial Statements | Part II: Economic Laws |
| Special features of audit of Banks, Insurance & Non-Banking Financial Companies | The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 |
| Audit under Fiscal Laws | The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 |
| Audit of Public Sector Undertakings | The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 |
| Liabilities of Auditors | Foreign Contribution Regulation Act, 2010 |
| Internal Audit, Management and Operational Audit | The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 |
| Due Diligence, Investigation and Forensic Audit | The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 |
| Peer Review and Quality Review | - |
| Professional Ethics | - |
| Paper 5: Strategic Cost Management And Performance Evaluation | Paper 6A: Risk Management |
| Part A: Strategic Cost Management and Decision-Making | Introduction to Risk |
| Sub Part I: Strategic Cost Management | Source and Evaluation of Risks |
| Introduction to Strategic Cost Management | Risk Management |
| Modern Business Environment | Evaluation of Risk Management Strategies |
| Lean System and Innovation | Risk Model |
| Cost Management Techniques | Credit Risk Measurement and Management |
| Cost Management for Specific Sectors | Risks Associated With Corporate Governance |
| Sub Part II: Strategic Decision Making | Enterprise Risk Management |
| Decision Making | Operational Risk Management |
| Pricing Strategies/Decisions | Paper 6B: Financial Services and Capital Markets |
| Part B: Performance Evaluation and Control | Global Financial Markets |
| Sub Part I: Performance Evaluation and Reporting | Impact of various Policies on Financial Markets |
| Performance Measurement and Evaluation | Capital Market - Primary |
| Divisional Transfer Pricing | Capital Market - Secondary |
| Strategic Analysis of Operating Income | Money Market |
| Sub Part II: Managerial Control | Institutions and Intermediaries |
| Budgetary Control | Commodity Market |
| Standard Costing | Banking as a source of Capital including NBFCs |
| Part C: Case Study | Mutual Funds |
| Case Study (covering Course Concepts) | Private Equity |
| - | Investment Banking |
| - | Credit Rating |
| - | Treasury Operations |
| - | Risk Management |
| - | Credit Derivatives |
| - | Leasing Decision |
| - | Factoring |
| - | SEBI Guidelines |
| - | Paper 6C: International Taxation |
| - | Part I: Taxation of International Transactions & Non-resident Taxation in India |
| - | Transfer Pricing provisions under the Income-tax Act, 1961, including |
| - | Other Provisions relating to taxation of international transactions and non-resident taxation under the Income-tax Act, 1961 |
| - | Law and Procedures under the Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015 - An Overview. |
| - | Part II: Other Aspects of International Taxation |
| - | Overview of Model Tax Conventions |
| - | Tax Treaties, Application, and Interpretation |
| - | Anti Avoidance Measures |
| - | Taxation of E-Commerce Transactions |
| - | Paper 6D: Economic Laws |
| - | Economic Laws |
| - | Paper 6E: Global Financial Reporting Standards |
| - | Global Financial Reporting Standards |
| - | Paper 6F: Multi-disciplinary Case Study |
| - | MCS - Multidisciplinary Case Study |
| Paper 7: Direct Tax Laws & International Taxation | Paper 8: Indirect Tax Laws |
| Part I: Direct Tax Laws | Part I: Goods & Services Tax |
| Law and Procedures under the Income-tax Act, 1961 | Goods and Services Tax (GST) Law as contained in the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, 2017 and Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) Act, 2017 |
| Part II: International Taxation | Part II: Customs & FTP |
| Taxation of international transactions and Non-resident taxation | Customs Law as contained in the Customs Act, 1962 and the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 |
| - | Foreign Trade Policy to the extent relevant to the indirect tax laws |
Books for CA Subjects
CA or Chartered Accountant exam is considered one of the toughest exams in India. It is essential to prepare wisely and study hard to qualify for the CA exam and score good grades. There are several study materials available in Online and Offline mode for preparing for different levels of the CA exam. Some of the best and most recommended books by CA-qualified candidates for different CA exams are mentioned below.
CA Foundation
Some of the popular and recommended books for CA Foundation exam are listed below:
- Grewals Accountancy (For CA Foundation)
- Shuchita Prakashan Scanner CA Foundation on Principles And Practice Of Accounting (New Syllabus) Paper – 1
- Shuchita Prakashan Scanner CA Foundation on Business Laws And Business Correspondence And Reporting (New Syllabus) Paper – 2
- Shuchita Prakashan Scanner CA Foundation on Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning And Statistics (New Syllabus) Paper – 3
- Shuchita Prakashan Scanner CA Foundation on Business Economics And Business And Commercial Knowledge (New Syllabus) Paper – 4
- Business Economics And Business And Commercial Knowledge Study Material For CA Foundation
- Business Mathematics And Logical Reasoning Statistics Study Material For CA Foundation
- Business Laws And Business Correspondence And Reporting Study Material For CA Foundation
CA IPCC
Given below are some of the popular CA IPCC books that are considered the best for the CA Syllabus (IPCC) by several qualified candidates:
- Simplified Approach to Financial Management and Economics for Finance-Theory by CA K. Hariharan
- Handbook on Taxation: For CA Inter /IPCC Old and New Syllabus by G Sekar and B Saravana Prasath
- How To Pass CA Exams by CA Rajat Mohan
- Students’ Guide To Income Tax Including GST by Dr. Vinod K. Singhania and Dr. Monica Singhania
- Taxmann's Students' Guide to Accounting Standards – Including Introduction of Ind AS by DS Rawat
- Padhuka's Students' Guide For Enterprise Information Systems & Strategic Management by B. Saravana Prasath G. Sekar
- CA Intermediate – Shuchita Prakashan Scanner CA Intermediate on Corporate And Other Laws
CA Final
Some of the best books for CA Final Syllabus recommended by toppers are given below for your reference:
- Financial Reporting by CA Praveen Sharma
- Strategic Financial Management by CA Nikhil Jobanputra
- Advanced Auditing and Professional Ethics by CA Abbas Unjhawala
- Corporate and Economic Laws by CA Kaushik Mukesh
- Strategic Cost Management and Performance Evaluation by CA Sankalp Kanstiya
- Global Financial Reporting Standards by CA Arpita S Tulsyan
- Direct Tax Laws and International Taxation by CA R Sowmyanarayanan
- Indirect Tax Laws by CA Praveen Jain
CA Syllabus FAQs
Ques. What are the subjects of CA?
Ans. CA Exam is divided into three exams which are CA Foundation, CA Intermediate, and CA Final. The subject for CA Syllabus varies depending on the CA Exam. Some of the common CA subjects are listed below:
- Financial Reporting
- Strategic Financial Management
- Advanced Auditing and Professional Ethics
- Corporate Laws
- Economic Laws Part I: Corporate Laws Part II: Economic Laws
Ques. What are the 7 subjects in CA?
Ans. The 7 subjects in CA include Criminal Law and Procedure, Civil Procedure, Constitutional Law, Contracts, Evidence, Real Property, and Torts. These subjects cover the different CA Exam papers and the full CA Syllabus.
Ques. Is CA a tough course?
Ans. CA is considered as one of the toughest exams and is chosen by candidates who have completed their studies in the field of Commerce. The CA exam is further divided into three exams which are CA Foundation, CA Intermediate, and CA Final.
Ques. Is there math in CA?
Ans. No, there is no Math in CA as a core subject but one should have a strong foundation in Mathematics to understand and solve Costing which is technically Math.
Ques. Is CA easy to pass?
Ans. The CA exam is one of the toughest exams conducted in India. One needs to complete their 10+2 to appear for the CA exam. The CA Syllabus and its subjects make it hard to crack the exam.
Ques. What is the salary of a CA?
Ans. The average salary of a CA in India can range between INR 5 - 10 LPA which depends upon various factors. CA is one of the highest-paying job prospects in India.
Ques. Is the CA exam MCQ type?
Ans. CA is both an MCQ and a descriptive-type exam. There would be different sections for Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Descriptive type questions.
Ques. Why is the CA pass percentage so low?
Ans. CA pass percentage is very low because of the CA Syllabus which comprises very hard subjects such as Business Law, Auditing, etc. CA exam is one of the toughest exams in India.
Ques. How many hours should a CA student study?
Ans. Students are required to study 10-15 hours daily to secure a good rank in the CA exam. Also one must solve previous year's question papers, the latest sample papers, and study several books covering the latest CA Syllabus.
Ques. What is the age limit for CA?
Ans. There is no upper age limit for the CA exam. Aspirants can make any number of attempts. The CA exam is conducted twice a year. However, one must have to complete their 10+2 from a recognized Board to appear for the CA exam.
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