.png?h=35&w=35&mode=stretch){kind=small}
The ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-2026 has been released by CISCE, with changes in around 10 subjects including Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accountancy, Geography, History, Political Science, Legal Studies & Psychology.
In the ISC Class 12 Syllabus, English and Economics are the same, which ensures consistency in language & commerce subjects.
- According to the ISC Class 12 Exam Pattern, theory exams are worth 80 marks, and an additional 20 marks are allocated for practical/internal assessment.
- In the ISC Class 12 Syllabus, the science subject follows a pattern of 70 marks for the theory exam and 30 marks for the practical exam, while mathematics carries the entire 100 marks for the theory exam.
- In Physics, the practicals carry 15 marks for experiments and 10 marks for the project work, whereas in business studies, 20 marks will be given to reports and case studies.
You can download the ISC Class 12 subject-wise syllabus PDF from the CISCE official website cisceboard.org, under the section of “Regulations & Syllabuses”, including the total questions, marks in each section & weightage.
Also Read
ISC Exam PatternKey Summary
- The ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026 has been released by CISCE.
- In the ISC Class 12 Syllabus, there are changes in Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accountancy, Geography, History, Political Science, Legal Studies & Psychology.
- The ISC Class 12 Exam follows a format of 80 marks for the theory exam in most subjects and 20 marks for the internal assessment.
- What is the ISC Class 12 Syllabus?
- ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: PDF Download
- ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Subject-wise
3.1 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Physics
3.2 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Chemistry
3.3 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Mathematics
3.4 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Biology
3.5 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Accounts
3.6 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: History
3.7 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: English (Compulsory)
3.8 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Physics
3.9 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Chemistry
3.10 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Mathematics
3.11 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Biology
3.12 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Accounts
3.13 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: History
3.14 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Geography
3.15 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Political Science
3.16 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Legal Studies
3.17 ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Psychology
- ISC Class 12 Syllabus: Practical
- ISC Class 12 Syllabus: Weightage & Marking Scheme
- ISC Class 12 Syllabus: Important Topics
- FAQs for ISC Class 12 Syllabus
What is the ISC Class 12 Syllabus?
The ISC Class 12 Syllabus is released by CISCE, including the topics, chapters, marking scheme, weightage & internal/project requirements for subjects like science, commerce & humanities.
The ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026 has been revised for subjects like physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, accounts and history, whereas English and economics are the same.
| Component | Details |
|---|---|
| Conducting Body | Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) |
| Applicable Session | Academic Year 2025–26, Exam in 2026 |
| Streams Covered | Science, Commerce, Humanities/Arts |
| Revised Subjects (2026) | Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accounts, History, Geography, Political Science, Legal Studies, Psychology |
| Unchanged Subjects | English, Economics (and some others) |
| Marking Scheme |
|
| Evaluation Components | Theory exams, Practical/Project work, Internal assessment |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours for most subjects |
| Total Marks | Usually 100 per subject |
| Syllabus Format | Unit-wise chapters, course structure, project guidelines, and evaluation criteria |
| Official Source | CISCE Website”cisceboard.org”: Regulations & Syllabuses Section |
Also Read
ISC Class 12 Passing MarksISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: PDF Download
CISCE has revised the syllabus of 12 subjects for the session 2025-26. You can download the revised ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF from the links provided in the table below:
| Subjects | Syllabus PDF |
|---|---|
| Physics | Download Here |
| Chemistry | Download Here |
| Biology | Download Here |
| Mathematics | Download Here |
| History | Download Here |
| Political Science | Download Here |
| Geography | Download Here |
| Sociology | Download Here |
| Psychology | Download Here |
| Commerce | Download Here |
| Accounts | Download Here |
| Legal Studies | Download Here |
The syllabus of the following subjects has NOT been changed:
| Subjects | Syllabus PDF |
|---|---|
| English | Download Here |
| Indian Languages | Download Here |
| Modern Foreign Languages | Download Here |
| Classical Languages | Download Here |
| Elective English | Download Here |
| Economics | Download Here |
| Business Studies | Download Here |
| Home Science | Download Here |
| Fashion Designing | Download Here |
| Electricity and Electronics | Download Here |
| Engineering Science | Download Here |
| Geometrical and Mechanical Drawing | Download Here |
| Geometrical and Building Drawing | Download Here |
| Art | Download Here |
| Music | Download Here |
| Physical Education | Download Here |
| Environmental Science | Download Here |
| Computer Science | Download Here |
| Biotechnology | Download Here |
| Mass Media & Communication | Download Here |
| Hospitality Management | Download Here |
Also Read
ISC Class 12 Grading SystemISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Subject-wise
The ISC Class 12 syllabus will include candidates' requirements for each subject for the board exam, including all topics, internal & practical work. Distribution of marks in each subject. Candidates can plan, practice and focus on high-weightage topics as per the ISC Class 12 Syllabus.
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Physics
| Unit | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Electrostatics | Electric charges and fields, Coulomb’s law, Electric dipole, Electric flux, Gauss’ theorem and its applications, Electric potential and potential energy, Capacitance, Dielectrics. |
| Current Electricity | Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Electrical resistivity, Combination of resistors, Cells in series/parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge, Potentiometer. |
| Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism | Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, Force on current-carrying conductors, Moving coil galvanometer, Magnetic dipole, Earth’s magnetism, Magnetic properties of materials. |
| Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current | Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws, Self and mutual induction, Eddy currents, Alternating currents, LCR circuits, Transformers, Power transmission. |
| Electromagnetic Waves | Characteristics of EM waves, Displacement current, Electromagnetic spectrum. |
| Optics | Reflection, Refraction, Lenses, Prisms, Optical instruments (microscope, telescope), Wave optics, Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation. |
| Dual Nature of Matter & Radiation | Photoelectric effect, Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis, Davisson-Germer experiment. |
| Atoms & Nuclei | Atomic models, Hydrogen spectrum, Radioactivity, Nuclear fission and fusion. |
| Electronic Devices | Semiconductors, Diodes, Junction transistors, Logic gates. |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Chemistry
| Unit | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Solid State | Types of solids, Crystal lattices, Unit cells, Packing efficiency, Defects in solids. |
| Solutions | Concentration terms, Raoult’s law, Colligative properties, Abnormal molar masses. |
| Electrochemistry | Electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, Electrolysis, Conductivity. |
| Chemical Kinetics | Rate of reaction, Order and molecularity, Integrated rate equations, Arrhenius equation. |
| Surface Chemistry | Adsorption, Catalysis, Colloids, Emulsions. |
| General Principles & Processes of Isolation | Metallurgy, Extraction principles. |
| p-Block Element (Group 15, 16, 17, 18) | Properties, Compounds of N, P, O, S, Halogens, Noble gases. |
| d-Block Elements (Transition) | Properties, Compounds, Alloys. |
| f-Block Elements (Lanthanides, Actinides) | Characteristics, Uses. |
| Coordination Compounds | Ligands, Nomenclature, Bonding theories. |
| Haloalkanes & Haloarenes | Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Mechanisms. |
| Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers | Structures, Reactions, Uses. |
| Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids | Preparation, Properties, Reactions. |
| Amines | Classification, Preparation, Properties. |
| Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Nucleic acids. |
| Polymers | Types, Preparation, Uses. |
| Chemistry in Everyday Life | Drugs, cleansing agents, and Applications. |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Mathematics
| Unit | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Relations & Functions | Types of relations, Functions, Inverse trigonometric functions. |
| Algebra | Matrices, Determinants, Solution of linear equations. |
| Calculus | Continuity, Differentiability, Differentiation, Applications of derivatives, Integrals, Definite integrals, Applications of integrals, Differential equations. |
| Vectors | Vector algebra, Scalar & vector products. |
| 3D Geometry | Direction cosines, Equations of line and plane, Angle between planes/lines. |
| Linear Programming | Formulation, Graphical solutions, Optimal solutions. |
| Probability | Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variables, Probability distributions. |
| Statistics | Measures of dispersion, Regression, Correlation. |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Biology
| Unit | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Reproduction | Reproduction in organisms, Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, Human reproduction, Reproductive health. |
| Genetics & Evolution | Mendelian genetics, Chromosomal theory, Molecular basis of inheritance, and Evolution theories. |
| Biology & Human Welfare | Human diseases, Immunity, and Microbes in human welfare. |
| Biotechnology | Principles, Processes, Applications. |
| Ecology & Environment | Organisms and environment, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Environmental issues. |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Accounts
| Unit | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Partnership Accounts | Fundamentals, Goodwill, Change in profit-sharing ratio, Admission, Retirement, Death of a partner, Dissolution. |
| Company Accounts | Issue of shares, Forfeiture & reissue, Issue of debentures, Redemption of debentures. |
| Not-for-Profit Organisations | Accounts of clubs, schools, and other non-profit entities. |
| Financial Statement Analysis | Comparative statements, Common size statements, Ratio analysis, Cash flow statement. |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: History
| Unit | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Growth of Nationalism | Factors promoting nationalism, Early nationalist leaders, Indian National Congress. |
| Emergence of the Colonial Economy | Agriculture, Industries, Railways, Trade. |
| Social & Religious Reform Movements | Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Aligarh Movement, Others. |
| Gandhian Era | Non-cooperation, Civil disobedience, Quit India Movement. |
| Partition & Independence | Mountbatten Plan, Partition of India, Integration of princely states. |
| Contemporary World | UN, Cold War, Non-Aligned Movement, Disarmament, Human Rights, Globalisation. |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: English (Compulsory)
Paper 1: English Language
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Functional Grammar | Transformation of sentences, Correct usage, Prepositions, Vocabulary in context |
| Comprehension | Unseen passages with questions based on content, vocabulary, and inference |
| Composition | Essays (narrative, descriptive, argumentative, reflective, short story) |
| Directed Writing | Report writing, Proposal writing, Article, Speech, Review, Letter writing |
Paper 2: English Literature
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Drama | The Tempest (Shakespeare) |
| Poetry | Prescribed poems from the Golden Treasury / other anthology by CISCE |
| Prose | Prescribed short stories/novel |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Physics
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Electrostatics | Electric charges & fields, Gauss’s Law, Capacitance |
| Current Electricity | Ohm’s Law, Circuits, Kirchhoff’s laws, Potentiometer, Wheatstone bridge |
| Magnetism | Magnetic fields, Earth’s magnetism, Magnetic properties of materials |
| Electromagnetic Induction | Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, Inductance, Alternating current |
| Optics | Ray optics, Wave optics, Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation |
| Modern Physics | Dual nature of matter, Atoms, Nuclei, Radioactivity, Semiconductors |
| Practical Work | Experiments, Project Work, Viva |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Chemistry
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Solid State | Crystal lattices, Unit cell, Packing efficiency |
| Solutions | Concentration, Raoult’s Law, Colligative properties |
| Electrochemistry | Redox reactions, Conductance, Nernst equation |
| Chemical Kinetics | Rate law, Order of reaction, Arrhenius equation |
| Surface Chemistry | Adsorption, Colloids, Catalysis |
| Organic Chemistry | Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Amines, Biomolecules |
| Inorganic Chemistry | Coordination compounds, p-block, d-block & f-block elements |
| Practical Work | Qualitative analysis, Titrations, Project |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Mathematics
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Algebra | Relations & Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Matrices, Determinants |
| Calculus | Continuity & Differentiability, Applications of Derivatives, Integrals, Differential equations |
| Vectors & 3D | Vector algebra, 3D geometry (planes, lines, distance, angles) |
| Probability & Statistics | Probability distribution, Variance, Bayes’ theorem |
| Linear Programming | LPP and solutions using the graphical method |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Biology
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Reproduction | Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, Human reproduction, Reproductive health |
| Genetics & Evolution | Principles of inheritance, Molecular basis, Evolution |
| Biology in Human Welfare | Human health, Diseases, Strategies for food production |
| Biotechnology | Principles, Processes, Applications |
| Ecology | Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Environmental issues |
| Practical Work | Experiments, Project, Spotting, Record work |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Accounts
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Partnership Accounts | Fundamentals, Reconstitution, Dissolution |
| Company Accounts | Issue of shares/debentures, Redemption, Final accounts |
| Financial Statement Analysis | Comparative, Common size, Ratio analysis, Cash Flow Statement |
| Non-Profit Organizations | Accounts of NPOs |
| Computerized Accounting | Concepts, Features, Applications |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: History
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Growth of Nationalism | Moderates, Extremists, Gandhian era |
| Emergence of the Colonial Economy | Land revenue systems, Railways, Trade |
| World Affairs | World Wars, Cold War, UNO, NAM |
| Contemporary Issues | Human rights, Globalisation |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Geography
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Physical Geography | Landforms, Climate, Soils, Natural Hazards |
| Human Geography | Population, Migration, Settlements |
| Economic Geography | Agriculture, Minerals, Industries, Transport |
| Map Work | Topographical maps, Practical cartography |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Political Science
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Indian Constitution | Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Amendments |
| Indian Politics | Party system, Federalism, Elections, Judiciary |
| International Relations | UN, WTO, EU, SAARC, Global issues |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Legal Studies
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Theory & Nature of Political Institutions | Law, State, Sovereignty |
| Historical Evolution of the Indian Legal System | British legacy, Constitution |
| Nature of Legal Practices | Lawyers, Judges, Legal professionals |
| Human Rights in India | Fundamental Rights, RTI, PIL |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Psychology
| Unit | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Intelligence & Aptitude | IQ, Emotional intelligence, Tests |
| Personality | Traits, Theories, Assessment |
| Social Psychology | Attitude, Prejudice, Group dynamics |
| Psychological Disorders | Anxiety, Depression, Schizophrenia |
| Therapeutic Approaches | Counselling, Psychotherapy |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus: Practical
The ISC Class 12 Practical syllabus will strengthen the candidates' conceptual clarity and experimental learning.
- The Science subjects like Physics, Chemistry, & biology will emphasise the laboratory experiments, whereas accounts, business studies, geography and psychology focus on projects, fieldwork and case studies.
- The Practical syllabus includes experiments, records, viva and project submission, which ensure that students will apply theoretical knowledge in real-life scenarios.
ISC Class 12 Practical Syllabus
| Subject | Practical / Project Focus Areas |
|---|---|
| Physics | Experiments (optics, electricity, magnetism), lab records, viva |
| Chemistry | Titrations, salt analysis, organic tests, records, viva |
| Biology | Spotting, slide prep, enzyme/osmosis experiments, project, viva |
| Mathematics | Project work (modelling, statistics, graph-based analysis) |
| Accounts | Financial statement/project, ratio & cash flow analysis |
| Business Studies | Case study, field survey, business project report |
| Economics | Statistical project, data analysis with graphs & correlation |
| Geography | Map work, field survey, cartography project |
| Computer Science | Programming (Java/Python), project file, viva |
| Psychology | Experiments (memory, aptitude, learning), project/case study |
| Environmental Education | Field-based environmental project/report |
Also Read
ISC Class 12 Preparation TipsISC Class 12 Syllabus: Weightage & Marking Scheme
The ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026 will follow a proper evaluation pattern in which most of the theory subjects will be of 80 marks each, and the practical/project work will carry 20 marks each.
This Equal distribution of marks will ensure that the students will cover both conceptual knowledge and application skills.
| Subject | Theory Marks | Practical / Project Marks | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | 100 | – | 100 |
| Physics | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| Chemistry | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| Biology | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 |
| Accounts | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 |
| Business Studies | 80 | 20 (Project/Case study) | 100 |
| Economics | 80 | 20 (Project/Fieldwork) | 100 |
| History | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 |
| Political Science | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 |
| Geography | 70 | 30 (Practical & Fieldwork) | 100 |
| Computer Science | 70 | 30 (Practical/Project) | 100 |
| Psychology | 70 | 30 (Practical/Case study) | 100 |
| Environmental Education | – | 100 (Project-based) | 100 |
ISC Class 12 Syllabus: Important Topics
The ISC Class 12 Syllabus will include high-weightage topics and frequently asked topics in all subjects. The ISC Class 12 Important Topics cover the board exam questions and are important for scoring well.
By focusing on the important topics, candidates can increase their preparation, balance both theory along application, and maximise their overall performance.
| Subject | Important Topics |
|---|---|
| Physics | Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, Modern Physics |
| Chemistry | Electrochemistry, Chemical Kinetics, Organic Chemistry (Aldehydes, Amines), Coordination Compounds |
| Biology | Genetics, Evolution, Human Reproduction, Biotechnology, Ecology |
| Mathematics | Calculus, Probability, Vectors & 3D Geometry, Matrices & Determinants |
| Accounts | Partnership Accounts, Company Accounts, Financial Statement Analysis |
| Business Studies | Principles of Management, Marketing, Business Environment |
| Economics | National Income, Money & Banking, Government Budget, Indian Economy |
| History | National Movement, World Wars, Cold War, Contemporary Issues |
| Political Science | Indian Constitution, Federalism, Party System, International Relations |
| Geography | Population, Resources, Agriculture, Industries, Map Work |
| Computer Science | Programming (Java/Python), Data Structures, Database Management |
| Psychology | Intelligence, Personality, Social Psychology, Psychological Disorders |
FAQs for ISC Class 12 Syllabus
Ques. Is the Class 12 2025–26 syllabus released?
Ans. For the year 2025-2026, CISCE has released the complete subject-wise syllabus along with the practical/project-based requirements.
In subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accounts and Geography, some changes have been made, whereas the other subjects remain the same.
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Board | CISCE |
| Academic Session | 2025–26 |
| Release Status | Released |
| Mode of Access | PDF on CISCE official website |
| Subjects Revised | Physics, Chemistry, Accounts, Geography, etc. |
| Subjects Unchanged | English, Economics |
Ques. Is 80% good in Class 12 ISC?
Ans. In the ISC Class 12 Exam, a score of 80% is considered an above-average and respectable score in both Indian and foreign universities.
- 80% – First division and competitive for most UG courses.
- Universities in India & abroad consider 80% a strong academic performance.
Ques. Is ISC very difficult?
Ans. The ISC Exam is more detailed as compared to other board exams. The ISC syllabus focuses on application-based questions, answers, and practical work.
The ISC Exams are not easy, and candidates should prepare in a proper, systematic way.
| Factor | Analysis |
|---|---|
| Syllabus Depth | More comprehensive than many boards |
| Evaluation | Strict but balanced |
| Practical Work | Essential in Science & Commerce streams |
| Verdict | Challenging but manageable with consistent study |
Ques. Is it easy to get 90% in ISC?
Ans. For achieving 90% in ISC, a focused study plan is required, as the syllabus is vast and application-based. Candidates should practice a structured writing style, solve previous year question papers, and prioritise the high-weightage topics as well.
To score more than 90%, candidates should:
- Target high-weightage chapters first.
- Practice past 10-year board papers.
- Use flowcharts, headings, and keywords in answers.
- Balance theory revision with practical/project work.
Ques. Is ISC enough for JEE?
Ans. The ISC syllabus includes conceptual understanding in Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics, but the JEE depends more on problem-solving and application skills.
| Aspect | ISC Syllabus Coverage |
|---|---|
| Physics | Covers NCERT-level topics, but JEE requires advanced problem-solving |
| Chemistry | Organic & Physical overlap, but JEE asks higher-level numerical questions |
| Mathematics | Similar concepts, but the JEE level is tougher |
| Verdict | The ISC syllabus is good for foundation, but extra JEE-specific preparation is necessary |
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.
Comments