ISC Class 12 Biology theory exam carries 70 marks while practicals carries 30 marks. Some of the major topics covered in the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus are Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology and Human Welfare, Biotechnology and its Application, and Ecology and Environment. Also Check ISC Class 12 Registration 2023
| Table of Contents |
ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus: Chapter-Wise Weightage
Given below is the syllabus and chapter-wise weightage for the ISC Class 12 Biology subject:
| Unit | Chapter Names | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Reproduction |
| 16 Marks |
| Genetics and Evolution |
| 15 Marks |
| Biology and Human Welfare |
| 14 Marks |
| Biotechnology and its Applications |
| 10 Marks |
| Ecology and Environment |
| 15 Marks |
ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus: Chapter-Wise Topics
There are a total of 13 chapters covered under 5 units of the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus. The important topics of each chapter are discussed below.
Check ISC class 12 syllabus 2023-24
Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Post-fertilisation events - embryo formation (dicot)
- Types of endosperm
- Definition of perisperm
- Significance of double fertilization
- Apomixis, polyembryony, parthenocarpy
- Pollen-pistil interaction in terms of incompatibility/compatibility
- Changes in the ovary and ovule for seed and fruit formation.
- Events leading to fertilization, definition of triple fusion and double fertilization
- Development of male and female gametophytes;
- Outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction;
- Devices: pollen-pistil interaction
- Double fertilization
- Post-fertilization events
- Pre-fertilization structures and events.
Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Organs of the male and female reproductive system and their functions
- Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary
- Gametogenesis
- Fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation
- Implantation
- Lactation
- Pregnancy and Placenta Formation
- Hormonal control of gametogenesis
- Differences between oestrous and menstrual cycles,
- Hormonal control of gametogenesis, structure of sperm and mature ovum, menstrual cycle
- Human embryonic development
- Parturition
Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- IVF, IUT, ZIFT, ICSI, GIFT, AI, IUI.
- Reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
- IVF, ZIFT, GIFT
- Contraception and medical termination of pregnancy
- Amniocentesis
- Population explosion
- Causes of infertility
- Causes, symptoms, and methods of prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Sickle cell anemia
- Chromosomal disorders
- Heredity and variation
- Mendel's Principles of Inheritance
- Autosomes and sex chromosomes
- Homologous chromosomes,
- Phenotype, Genotype, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses
- Biological importance of Mendelism
- Definition and significance of linkage and crossover
- Mutation
- Human genetic disorders
Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- DNA fingerprinting
- Structure of DNA and RNA
- DNA packaging
- DNA replication
- Gene expression and regulation
- Human genome project
- DNA fingerprinting
- Structure of eukaryotic chromosomes with reference to nucleosome
- Griffith’s experiment, Hershey and Chase’s experiment, Avery, McLeod and McCarty’s experiment
- Double helical model of DNA
- Reverse transcription
- Central Dogma
- Translation in prokaryotes
- Gene expression in prokaryotes
- Lac operon in E. coli.
Chapter 6: Evolution
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Darwinism
- Origin of life
- Gene flow and genetic drift
- Hardy - Weinberg's principle
- Adaptive radiation
- Human evolution
Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Immunity
- Interferons
- Vaccination and immunisation
- Allergies and allergens
- Alcoholism and smoking
- Drugs
- Reasons for addiction
- Replication of retrovirus in the infected human cell
- Communicable and non-communicable diseases;
- Bacterial diseases
- Helmintic diseases
- Cancer
- Adolescence
- HIV and AIDS
- Pathogens
Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Antibiotics
- Household food processing
- Sewage treatment
- Applications of Cyclosporin-A
- Production of biogas
- Sewage treatment
- Microbes as biocontrol agents
- Microbes as biofertilisers
- IPM
- Harmful effects of chemical pesticides
Chapter 9: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Nomenclature
- Steps of formation of recombinant DNA
- Principles of biotechnology
- Cloning vectors
- bacterial artificial chromosome
- Microinjection,
- Yeast artificial chromosome
- Bioreactor
- Downstream processing
Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture
- Insulin, gene therapy
- Role of GEAC
- Biopatent
- Applications in agriculture
- Human Insulin and Vaccine Production
- genetically modified organisms
- Stem cell technology
Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Population interactions
- Population attributes
- Ways to measure population density
- Calculation of natality and mortality
Chapter 12: Ecosystem
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Structure of ecosystem
- Ecosystem functions
- Definition of PAR,
- Biomass
- Energy
- Productivity and decomposition
Chapter 13: Biodiversity and its Conservation
The major topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
- Importance of biodiversity
- Endangered organisms,
- Biosphere reserves
- National parks, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites
- Loss of biodiversity
- Patterns of biodiversity
ISC Class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus
The practical syllabus for ISC class 12 Biology subject consists of 15 marks and the following topics are covered in it:
- Taxonomy of Malvaceae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae.
- Some of the experiments that are included are:
- Study of arrangement/distribution of stomata in dicot and monocot leaves.
- To study the effect of enzyme action at three different temperatures and pH on starch solution
- To isolate DNA from available plant material.
- Slide preparation will include:
- Germination of pollen grain in a nutrient medium.
- T.S. of the ovary of any locally available flower to show marginal/axile placentation.
- T.S. of a hydrophyte stem.
- T.S. of a xerophytic leaf (Nerium).
- L.S. of monocot and dicot seed (soaked seeds of maize/wheat, pea/ bean.)
- The last step is spotting which will include 3 minutes each for identification, drawing a labelled diagram, and writing at least two identifying characteristics.
- T.S. of the ovary of mammal (Permanent slide).
- T.S. of testis of mammals (Permanent slide).
- Germinating pollen grain (slide/chart).
- T.S. of the ovary to show the type of placentation (marginal, axile, basal (LS), parietal).
- T.S. of blastula/blastocyst of a mammal (chart/ slide).
- Whole mount of Plasmodium sporozoite (slide /chart).
- Whole mount of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite (slide/chart).
- Preserved specimen/ chart/ model of Ascaris.
Comment upon ecological adaptations of plants and animals.
ISC Class 12 Biology Books
Students can refer to the following books for the ISC class 12 Biology exam preparation:
| Books | Authors |
|---|---|
| Nootan ISC Biology Class 12 | VK Singh and DK Jain |
| S. Chand A Textbook of ISC Biology Class 12 | Sarita Aggarwal |
| ISC Biology Book-II For Class-XII | Dr. P.S. Verma |
ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus: Preparation Tips
Here are some key preparation tips the candidates must follow to ace the ISC Class 12 Biology exam:
- Make a proper study timetable and follow it accurately.
- Understand the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus and cover all the topics.
- Revise the studied topics on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis.
- Practice previous year's question papers and model papers to familiarize yourself with the question paper pattern.
Frequently Asked Questions
Ques. How many chapters are there in the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus?
Ans. There are 13 comprehensive chapters in the 5 units of the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus.
Ques. What are the chapters covered in the Evolution chapter of the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus?
Ans. The chapters covered in the Evolution chapter of the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus are Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, Human Reproduction, Reproductive Health, Principles of inheritance and variation, Molecular basis of Inheritance, Evolution
Ques. What is the marks distribution between theory and practical?
Ans. The theory is for 70 marks and practical & project work comprises 30 marks.
Ques. Has the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus been released yet?
Ans. Yes, the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus has been released on the official website of ISC.
Ques. What are the important topics covered in the Evolution chapter of the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus?
Ans. The important topics covered in the Evolution chapter of the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus are Darwinism, the Origin of life, Gene flow and genetic drift, Hardy - Weinberg's principle, Adaptive radiation, and Human evolution.
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.
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