NCERT Exemplar Probability Class 12 - Class 12 Maths Ch 13

This page hosts the NCERT Exemplar Probability Class 12, presenting it for Class 12 Mathematics Chapter 13 Probability. The NCERT Exemplar Probability Class 12 carry the higher-order practice questions that the NCERT itself recommends after the booklet chapter, and several of the items in the PDF recur in JEE Main shifts.

The Probability Exemplar PDF mirrors the original NCERT print so tree diagrams, partition labels, and Binomial coefficient subscripts render cleanly on every screen.

Also Check:

• these notes Maths NCERT Exemplar Solutions
• the chapter notes Maths NCERT Book PDF
• the PDF Maths NCERT Solutions

ncert maths exemplar class 12 pdf download chapter 13 Probability: What's Inside

Chapter 13 of the Class 12 Maths Exemplar is built around five problem clusters: conditional probability, multiplication theorem, independence of events, total probability with Bayes theorem, and random variables with the Binomial distribution. Every cluster carries a mix of MCQ, Fill in the Blanks, True or False, Short Answer, and Long Answer items, with several MCQ-II (multiple correct) stems that mirror current JEE Main pattern.

The problem-type split inside the NCERT Exemplar this chapter is shown below. Counts are approximate and reflect the printed 2026-27 Exemplar.

Nearly 35% of the NCERT Exemplar these notes is reserved for SA and LA problems, where setting up the conditional event correctly carries half the marks before any arithmetic begins.

Probability NCERT Exemplar Video Walkthrough

Source: NCERT Wallah on YouTube

Question-Archetype Map for Probability Exemplar Class 12

Five archetypes account for almost every item in the chapter. Recognising the archetype before the first line of working is the fastest way to score full marks in the limited board exam window.

The Bayes inversion archetype alone has appeared in three of the last five CBSE board papers as a 5-mark LA, and the Exemplar drills exactly that phrasing across four separate questions.

Why the Probability Exemplar Beats the Textbook for JEE Main

The main NCERT chapter sticks to single-step conditional setups and textbook-tidy Binomial counts. The Exemplar layers two complications the NCERT Exemplar this Class 12 page avoids:

partitions with three or more components (instead of the standard two-bag setup), and Binomial problems where the success probability itself must be computed from a prior conditional step before plugging into the formula. Both layers are routine on JEE Main and on CBSE 5-mark LA items.

The Exemplar also drills the independence versus mutual exclusivity distinction in its True or False section, an error Class 12 students repeat year after year. Roughly half the True or False items in Chapter 13 hinge on this single confusion.

Probability Class 12 Weightage in CBSE Boards, JEE Main and CUET

Chapter 13 Probability is part of Unit 6: Probability of the Class 12 Maths syllabus. The exam stake is unusually high for a single chapter, which is the operational reason the Exemplar gives it 14 pages and 40 problems instead of the 8 to 10 pages that lighter chapters receive.

Probability is the single highest-yield chapter per page in Class 12 Maths across CBSE plus JEE Main combined.

How will Collegedunia's Probability Exemplar PDF Help You?

The Collegedunia mirror of the Chapter 13 Probability Exemplar gives you the original NCERT print without ad walls, without app-only sections, and at a download size small enough for revision on a phone. Three practical wins:

• Clean Bayes setups: the partition diagrams in the print PDF are intact, so the conditional branches read correctly without re-typing.
• Annotation friendly: the NCERT Exemplar the resource is OCR-clean, which means highlighter apps and split-screen study tools can pull text without garbling subscripts.
• Paired with the Exemplar Solutions: every problem you attempt has a fully solved solution one click away on the sibling Collegedunia page.

Key Formulae to Lock Before Opening the Probability Exemplar

Six formulae carry roughly 80% of Chapter 13. Memorise these before attempting the SA and LA blocks.

Full formula recap: Probability formula sheet for Class 12 Maths.

4-Day Drill Plan for the Class 12 Maths Probability Exemplar

The chapter is long enough that a one-sitting attempt damages retention. A split that lines up with the natural difficulty curve looks like this:

• Day 1: all 17 MCQs plus the 5 Fill in the Blanks. Pure speed pass, target 35 minutes total.
• Day 2: the 5 True or False items plus the first 5 SA problems. Focus on the independence versus exclusivity trap.
• Day 3: remaining 4 SA problems plus the first 2 LA problems. These are the Bayes inversion items.
• Day 4: last 2 LA problems (Binomial), then a full timed re-attempt of any item you marked uncertain on Day 1.

Toppers consistently report that the Day 4 timed re-pass is what converts the Exemplar from a textbook drill into board exam mark recovery.

Old vs 2026-27 Syllabus Status of the Probability Exemplar

The NCERT Exemplar Problems book is NOT included in the rationalisation drive that trimmed sections from the main textbooks. The Chapter 13 Probability Exemplar PDF for the current 2026-27 syllabus is identical to earlier editions in problem count and problem statements. Students who already own an older Exemplar print do not need a fresh copy.

The main textbook side did drop a small Bernoulli trials sub-section in an earlier edit cycle, but the Exemplar retained every problem that referenced it, so a few items here use vocabulary the new textbook print no longer introduces. Treat those problems as bonus practice rather than syllabus aligned.

Common Errors the Probability Exemplar is Designed to Catch

Three errors show up in nearly every cohort:

• Confusing independence with mutual exclusivity. Independent events can occur together. Mutually exclusive events cannot.
• Forgetting to sum the partition probabilities to 1 before applying Bayes theorem.
• Applying the Binomial formula when trials are not actually independent (the Exemplar plants this trap in two LA items).

The Exemplar's True or False section is engineered around exactly these confusions, which is why it scores low for students who skip it.

Related Resources for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Probability

• the chapter notes Maths NCERT Solutions
• the PDF Maths NCERT Exemplar Solutions
• this chapter Maths Notes
• these notes Maths Formula Sheet
• this Class 12 page Maths NCERT Book PDF
• the resource Maths Handwritten Notes

NCERT Exemplar Book PDF for Class 12 Maths: All Chapters

The table below summarises the recent CBSE Class 12 pattern for this chapter and is a quick pre-exam reference.

NCERT Exemplar the chapter notes: available above as a free PDF download, aligned to the 2026-27 NCERT Class 12 Mathematics syllabus.

Exercise-wise Breakdown of the Probability Chapter

The Probability chapter splits into 3 numbered exercises plus a Miscellaneous Exercise. The table below maps every exercise to the specific concept it tests, so students can plan revision per exercise and click straight into the worked solutions.

PDF Download Formats and Languages for the Probability Chapter

The Probability Class 12 PDF on this page is available in three formats - each suited to a different revision style. The table below summarises what each format is best for:

The probability class 12 ncert pdf and the parallel Hindi-medium edition both follow the same notation and equation numbering as the printed NCERT 2026-27 release. Key points students should know:

• NCERT-faithful: Every definition, theorem and exercise on the probability class 12 ncert pdf matches the printed textbook line for line.
• Hindi-medium edition: The probability class 12 pdf is also available in Hindi - same page numbering, same equation labels.
• Formula PDF separate: The probability class 12 formulas pdf is a one-page A4 reference sheet listing every identity used in the chapter.
• Solutions PDF separate: The this Class 12 page solutions pdf gives every NCERT exercise worked out step by step.
• State-board alignment: Students on the Maharashtra board, HSC, or any state-board syllabus will find the same definitions in this this chapter - only the exercise numbers differ.

Tip: Many toppers keep two parallel copies - a printed formula sheet on A4 for desk revision (the probability class 12 formulas pdf), and the full these notes on a phone for commute revision. Both files are free and linked above.

Important Questions and Previous Year Trends for the Probability Chapter

The most repeated question patterns in CBSE Class 12 Maths for the Probability chapter have settled into a stable cluster across 2019 to 2024 boards. Three question templates account for over 80% of the marks this chapter contributes:

Walking through one example of each template before the exam covers most of the predictable probability class 12 important questions you will see on board day.

• the resource previous year questions for 2019-2024 are linked from the PYQ block at the bottom of this page - the exact CBSE phrasings.
• The probability class 12 important questions with solutions set is reused by toppers in the last fortnight of revision.
• For NCERT Exemplar practice, the matching the chapter notes extra questions set adds advanced problems suitable for JEE Main and JEE Advanced.
• The MCQ pattern in CBSE has stabilised around 1-2 questions per shift from this chapter - mostly short calculations or assertion-reason items.

Year-wise PYQ Distribution

The table below maps the dominant question type asked from the Probability chapter across recent CBSE Class 12 Maths boards:

The full probability class 12 important questions with solutions set (every year, every paper, every question type) is linked from the PYQ page at the bottom of this article.

How the Probability Notes Pair with NCERT Solutions and the Formula Sheet

The Probability Class 12 notes work best when paired with two sister resources from the Class 12 Maths hub. The table below shows how each resource fits into a typical revision week:

Around 60 percent of the chapter's scoring vocabulary appears on all three pages, so cross-resource use reinforces recall without adding study time.

• The this chapter ncert solutions cover every back-of-chapter exercise plus the miscellaneous exercise.
• The these notes solutions for each individual exercise are indexed by exercise number on the sister NCERT Solutions page (see the Exercise-wise Breakdown table above for direct links).
• The probability class 12 formulas reference sheet is the same A4 file students sometimes refer to as probability class 12 all formulas - it lists every identity used in the chapter.
• State-board references: RD Sharma, ML Aggarwal, Teachoo and the Maharashtra board this Class 12 page textbook PDF all share the same core definitions.
• For class-first search phrasings - class 12 probability solutions, class 12 probability ncert solutions, ncert class 12 probability solutions - the same files cover the request.

Reference Books and State-Board Mapping

Students using reference books beyond NCERT, or studying under a state board, can map this chapter cleanly:

How to Use the Probability Notes Page Most Effectively

The recommended study plan for the this chapter chapter splits across three sittings. The table below outlines what to do in each:

For students preparing for both CBSE board and JEE Main:

• 60 percent of revision time on NCERT - irreplaceable for board marking-scheme phrasings.
• 40 percent of revision time on JEE-style problem sets - sharpens speed and conceptual depth.
• The probability class 12 important questions set on the previous-year page is the closest free analogue to a JEE-style problem set for this chapter.
• For CUET (UG) Mathematics, focus on definitions and one-step applications - CUET's MCQ pattern rewards reflexive recall.

Class 12 Mathematics Revision Strategy and Exam Practice Routines

Most CBSE Class 12 students benefit from a three-pass revision rhythm: the first pass is slow and definition-by-definition, the second works through every back-of-chapter problem, and the third uses past board papers at exam pace. JEE and CUET aspirants should add a fourth pass focused on the JEE-specific question bank, because the same chapter content gets tested under different time pressure. Within these passes, a few habits separate students who hit the 85+ band from the rest:

• Read two previous-year marking schemes before the exam — marking-scheme phrasings reward exact wording, which pays off more than another mock paper.
• Write a one-page formula recall sheet per chapter that fits on one side of A4; the night before the exam should be spent only on this sheet and a single full-length mock.
• Solve the CBSE 2026-27 sample paper twice — it is the highest-fidelity guide to question difficulty and lifts mock-paper accuracy by 8 to 12 percent.
• Self-evaluate every two hours by writing the chapter's key results from memory, rather than reading passively.
• Finish back-of-chapter exercises once and revisit the miscellaneous exercise twice — past-board data shows this is worth roughly 2 extra marks.

Common arithmetic slips cost most students at least one mark per paper, and most marks lost in long-answer questions go to incomplete working, not wrong answers. Write every intermediate step in full, even on questions that feel straightforward — method marks are claimed step by step even when the final number is off. The case-study format introduced in recent CBSE boards now appears regularly, framing a real-world scenario that tests definitions plus one-step applications, so practising case studies from the CBSE sample paper translates directly into marks.

Time allocation in the last fortnight matters most. Two thirds of revision time should go to weak chapters, the remaining third to maintaining strong ones; students who revise this chapter twice in the last 10 days score 1.5 to 2 marks higher on past boards. The night before the exam is best spent on:

• The one-page formula recall sheet built earlier in revision.
• A single full-length mock paper at exam timing.
• Avoid learning any new material the night before — sleep matters more.

Mock papers serve two distinct purposes — subject mocks build chapter-level recall while full-paper mocks build time-management discipline. Tracking your own mock-paper scores week by week is the single best predictor of board outcome; a simple spreadsheet with date, paper, score, and one note on a recurring mistake is enough. For students using only one reference, the printed NCERT remains the highest-yield resource — books beyond NCERT add depth but rarely change board outcomes, since the marking scheme rewards NCERT phrasing first. Hindi-medium students can keep the bilingual NCERT edition handy because it follows the same notation, and group study works best when each student picks one sub-topic to explain.

Past CBSE marking schemes from 2020 to 2024 show that average board marks for Class 12 Maths have settled around the 75 to 82 percent band. Students who hit the upper end usually share the same revision rhythm: NCERT first, mock papers second, and previous-year papers third.