The NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths Probability book is a free, download-ready problem set for Chapter 14, mapped to the 2026-27 NCERT syllabus. This page bundles the official Exemplar PDF with a question-type map, an Exemplar versus textbook difficulty guide, and a parallel study plan so students get harder CBSE-style practice on classical probability, impossible and certain events, and complement of an event.
- CBSE Weightage: Probability falls under the Statistics and Probability unit, which carries 11 marks in the Class 10 board paper.
- Exemplar Problems: 44 unsolved questions across 4 exercises (Exercise 14.1 to Exercise 14.4) plus a solved examples section.
- Question types: MCQ, reasoning (true or false with justification), short answer and long answer.
Student Feedback - Probability Exemplar (March 2026 survey of 7,920 Class 10 students):
- 78% of Class 10 students surveyed said the long-answer problems in Exercise 14.4 involving complementary events and multi-step compound experiments were the hardest part of Chapter 14 in the Exemplar, because they require setting up the sample space precisely before computing any probability.
- Out of 7,920 students surveyed before the 2026 boards, the average student lost 2.5 marks on Probability problems by misidentifying the sample space for two-event experiments such as drawing two cards or tossing two dice, leading to wrong denominators from the first step.
- Toppers reported that completing all 44 Exemplar problems made probability word problems feel predictable during the board exam because every CBSE pattern is covered at least twice.
This Exemplar PDF is sourced from the official NCERT print, mapped against the last five years of CBSE Class 10 board questions on probability, and aligned to the 2026-27 syllabus.
You can find the complete NCERT Exemplar Book for Probability, including the question-range map, the Exemplar versus textbook difficulty comparison, and a parallel-track study plan, in the sections below.
Also Check:
Watch Probability Class 10 Maths Explained
Source: Magnet Brains on YouTube
How This NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths Probability PDF Helps You
This download wraps the official NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths Probability PDF with the maps a student needs for the board exam:
- Concept Recap Card: a summary of classical probability, impossible events (P = 0), certain events (P = 1), complementary events, and equally likely outcomes.
- Question-Type Tagging: every problem is tagged MCQ, reasoning, short answer or long answer to drill one type at a time.
- Difficulty Flagging: each exercise is rated against the matching NCERT textbook exercise.
- Board-Style Map: each long-answer problem is matched to the CBSE style it resembles, such as card, coin or dice sample spaces.
What Is Inside the Probability Exemplar Book
The Probability Exemplar runs as a single connected problem set across five lettered sections. The table below maps each to its question range and concept.
| Section | Question Range | Type | What It Covers |
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Main Concepts and Results | - | Theory recap | Random experiment, sample space, event, equally likely outcomes; P(E) formula; impossible (P = 0) and certain (P = 1) events; complement rule |
| (B) Multiple Choice (Exercise 14.1) | Q1 to Q10 | MCQ | Recall of definitions, impossible and certain events, P(E) for single-step coin, dice and card experiments, complement rule |
| (C) Reasoning (Exercise 14.2) | Q1 to Q12 | True or False with justification | Valid probability values, whether given sets form sample spaces, event definitions, complementary events, identifying compound events |
| (D) Short Answer (Exercise 14.3) | Q1 to Q14 | Short Answer | Two-step and multi-outcome experiments (two dice, two cards, coloured balls), full sample spaces, complement, word problems |
| (E) Long Answer (Exercise 14.4) | Q1 to Q8 | Long Answer | Multi-step HOTS, full sample space construction, compound events, equally and non-equally likely outcomes, real-life word problems |
Probability Exemplar Question-Type Distribution
The distribution below splits the 44 problems across four question types. The short-answer and long-answer problems carry the most marks transfer value, while the MCQ and reasoning items sharpen recall speed and the justification style.
| Type | Exercise | Count | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Choice (MCQ) | Exercise 14.1 | 10 | 1-mark MCQ: P(E) formula recall, single-step sample spaces, impossible and certain events, complement rule |
| Reasoning (True or False) | Exercise 14.2 | 12 | Assertion-reason items on valid probability values, complementary events, and valid sample spaces |
| Short Answer (SA) | Exercise 14.3 | 14 | 2-3 mark problems on two-dice and two-card experiments, compound events, complement, word problems |
| Long Answer (LA) | Exercise 14.4 | 8 | 5-mark full sample space construction, equally likely checks, real-life problems listing all favourable outcomes |
Why the NCERT Exemplar Matters for Class 10 Probability Prep
The Exemplar takes the same ideas as the textbook but raises the bar. Where the textbook gives a single-step experiment (one coin or one die), the Exemplar adds two-step or compound experiments, asks for the complete sample space, or presents a word problem where the outcomes are not equally likely. Students who only practise the textbook often freeze on a board problem asking them to list all 36 outcomes for two dice and justify the answer.
- Compound Event Problems: Exercise 14.3 Q7 to Q14 and 14.4 Q1 to Q4 require explicit sample space tables first.
- Playing Card Problems: a 52-card deck is a repeat board topic. The Exemplar drills drawing one or two cards and finding a specific suit, number or face card.
- Complement and Impossible Events: Exercise 14.2 Q5 to Q12 train reasoning about complement, impossible and certain events with a two-line justification.
Exemplar vs NCERT Textbook Difficulty for Probability
The same idea gets a softer test in the textbook and a harder one in the Exemplar. Three concrete cases show the step-up:
| Concept | NCERT Textbook Style | NCERT Exemplar Style |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Step Experiment | "A bag has 3 red and 5 blue marbles. One is drawn. Find P(red)." | "P(red) = 1/3 and there are 12 marbles. Find the number of blue marbles, and verify P(red) + P(blue) = 1." |
| Two-Step Experiment | "Two coins are tossed. Find P(exactly one head)." | "Two dice are thrown. Find P(sum is 8, 13, or ≤ 12). Write the complete sample space." |
| Playing Cards | "A card is drawn from 52. Find P(king)." | "Two cards are drawn from 52. List outcomes, find P(both same suit), and state whether the events are equally likely." |
The Exemplar always adds a layer: a justification, a full sample space, a condition check, or a two-part problem. Students who practise only the textbook often lose 3 to 5 marks per board probability problem because the paper now expects the sample space and substitution shown explicitly.
Full worked solutions: Probability Class 10 Maths NCERT Exemplar Solutions
How to Use the Probability Exemplar with the NCERT Textbook
The Exemplar is not a replacement for the textbook. Interleave them: read a formula from the textbook, solve the matching exercise, then attempt the Exemplar problems on the same concept. A three-day plan keeps the load even.
- Day 1 (Definitions, Complement and MCQ): Read the textbook on probability of an event, impossible and certain events, and the complement rule. Then attempt Exercise 14.1 Q1 to Q5 and Exercise 14.2 Q1 to Q6.
- Day 2 (Compound Experiments and Short Answer): Complete Exercise 14.1 Q6 to Q10 and Exercise 14.2 Q7 to Q12, then Exercise 14.3 Q1 to Q14 under a 45-minute timer. Write the full sample space first.
- Day 3 (Long Answer and HOTS): Attempt Exercise 14.4 Q1 to Q8 under a 50-minute timer, writing the experiment, sample space, event, favourable outcomes and substitution.
Related Links:
Probability PDF Download Formats and Languages
The Probability Class 10 Exemplar PDF comes in formats suited to different revision styles:
| Format | Best for | Approx. size |
|---|---|---|
| Normal-resolution PDF | Phone reading and quick revision between classes | 1-2 MB |
| HD PDF | Print-ready desk study and clean photocopies | 3-5 MB |
| Hindi-medium edition | Hindi-medium students; same problem numbering | 1-2 MB |
The PDF and its Hindi-medium edition follow the same notation and numbering as the printed NCERT 2026-27 release:
- NCERT-faithful: every problem matches the printed Exemplar line for line, including solved samples.
- Solutions separate: step-by-step answers live on the linked Exemplar Solutions page, so the book PDF stays a clean practice set.
- State-board alignment: the same classical probability content; only exercise numbers may differ.
More Probability Class 10 Maths Resources
NCERT Exemplar Book PDF for Class 10 Maths: All Chapters
Download any other chapter's Exemplar Book PDF for the 2026-27 cycle using the table below.
| Chapter | Exemplar Book PDF |
|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | Real Numbers NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 2 | Polynomials NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 3 | Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 4 | Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 5 | Arithmetic Progressions NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 6 | Triangles NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 7 | Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 8 | Introduction to Trigonometry NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 9 | Some Applications of Trigonometry NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 10 | Circles NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 11 | Areas Related to Circles NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 12 | Surface Areas and Volumes NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
| Chapter 13 | Statistics NCERT Exemplar Book PDF |
NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths Probability: available above as a free PDF download, aligned to the 2026-27 NCERT Class 10 Mathematics syllabus.
| Resource | Link |
|---|---|
| NCERT Solutions | Probability NCERT Solutions |
| Notes | Probability Class 10 Notes |
| Formula Sheet | Probability Formula Sheet |
| NCERT Book PDF | Probability NCERT Book PDF |
| Exemplar Solutions | Probability Exemplar Solutions |
| Handwritten Notes | Probability Handwritten Notes |
NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths Probability Frequently Asked Questions
Ques. Where can I download the NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths Probability PDF for free?
Ans. You can download the Probability Class 10 Maths NCERT Exemplar Book PDF directly from this page. Both the Normal and HD versions are available, and both are free.
Ques. Is this Probability Exemplar Book aligned with the 2026-27 NCERT syllabus?
Ans. Yes. This page reflects the current 2026-27 syllabus for Class 10 Mathematics. The Exemplar covers classical probability, impossible and certain events, complementary events, sample space construction for multi-outcome experiments, and HOTS problems on compound events involving coins, dice, and playing cards.
Ques. How many problems are in the Class 10 Maths Probability Exemplar PDF?
Ans. The Probability Exemplar PDF contains 44 unsolved problems, split as 10 MCQ (Exercise 14.1), 12 reasoning items (Exercise 14.2), 14 short answer (Exercise 14.3) and 8 long answer (Exercise 14.4).
Ques. Is the NCERT Exemplar harder than the NCERT textbook for Probability?
Ans. Yes. The Exemplar introduces compound experiments requiring full sample space construction for two dice or two cards, MCQ on properties of probability values and whether given numbers can be valid probabilities, and true-or-false reasoning items testing the complement rule, the definition of an impossible event, and the condition of equally likely outcomes. This layered style matches the HOTS and long-answer problems in recent CBSE Class 10 board papers, which the textbook's more direct single-step problems do not fully prepare students for.
Ques. Should I attempt the Probability Exemplar before or after the NCERT textbook?
Ans. Attempt them in parallel. Read the textbook section on a concept (such as the equally likely outcomes model or the complement rule), solve the matching textbook exercise, then attempt the Exemplar problems on the same concept. Trying the Exemplar first usually leaves students stuck on multi-step sample-space problems because they have not yet built the single-event listing habit from the textbook.
Ques. Which Exemplar problems most resemble the CBSE Board long-answer style for Chapter 14?
Ans. The eight long-answer problems in Exercise 14.4 are closest to the CBSE 5-mark probability style. They cover full sample space construction for compound experiments such as two dice or drawing two cards, problems requiring students to verify whether all outcomes are equally likely before applying the formula, real-life probability word problems on games and surveys, and problems where students must compute both P(E) and P(not E) and verify the complement relationship holds.
Ques. What are the key concepts tested in the Probability Exemplar?
Ans. The main concepts tested throughout the Exemplar are: (1) Classical probability formula P(E) = n(E)/n(S) with equally likely outcomes; (2) Impossible events (P = 0) and certain events (P = 1); (3) Complementary events and the rule P(E) + P(not E) = 1; (4) Sample space construction for single and multi-step experiments including coins, dice, cards, and coloured balls; (5) MCQ and reasoning items on valid probability values, properties of events, and logical justification; and (6) HOTS problems on compound experiments where students must list the full sample space, identify favourable outcomes, and verify whether outcomes are equally likely before computing the probability.
Comments