MP Board 12th Political Science Question Paper 2023 with Answer Key (March 15)

The Bolshevik Revolution occurred in 1917, leading to the rise of the Soviet Union. The revolution was a key event in Russian history, overthrowing the Romanov dynasty and establishing a communist government. Quick Tip: The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 led to the establishment of a communist government in Russia, marking a major turning point in world history.

The United States adopted the Open Door policy in the late 19th century, particularly towards China. The policy aimed at ensuring equal trading rights for all nations in China and preventing any single nation from monopolizing trade. Quick Tip: The Open Door policy was a diplomatic concept that allowed all nations equal rights to trade in China and opposed imperialistic control by any single nation.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, is located in The Hague, Netherlands. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions. Quick Tip: The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, Netherlands, and serves as the primary judicial body for the United Nations.

Human Rights Day is observed on December 10th every year, commemorating the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Quick Tip: Human Rights Day, observed on December 10th, commemorates the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 by the United Nations.

The Earth Summit, formally known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It focused on sustainable development and the environment. Quick Tip: The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro was a significant global conference focusing on environmental issues and sustainable development.

The slogan "Indira is India, India is Indira" was coined by D. K. Barua, a prominent Congress leader, during Indira Gandhi's leadership. It reflected her strong influence on Indian politics during her tenure as Prime Minister. Quick Tip: D. K. Barua coined the slogan "Indira is India, India is Indira" during Indira Gandhi's leadership, symbolizing her strong political role in India.

The most important organ of the United Nations is the Security Council, responsible for maintaining international peace and security. Quick Tip: The United Nations Security Council is the principal organ responsible for maintaining global peace and security.

The State Reorganization Commission was constituted in 1953 under the chairmanship of Justice Fazal Ali to reorganize the states and provinces of India. Quick Tip: The State Reorganization Commission's recommendations led to the creation of linguistic states in India, with major changes in the political map of the country.

At the time of independence in 1947, there were 562 princely states in India, which were later integrated into the Indian Union through various agreements and policies. Quick Tip: The princely states were ruled by local monarchs who eventually agreed to join India after independence, following the efforts of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and the Indian government.

India adopted a mixed economy system, which incorporates both the private and public sectors. It allows for private entrepreneurship and government control over key industries. Quick Tip: In a mixed economy, both private and public sectors co-exist, with the government playing an active role in regulating the economy and providing welfare.

Jawaharlal Nehru is often called the 'Father of India's Foreign Policy' for his leadership in shaping India's international relations, particularly the policy of non-alignment. Quick Tip: Nehru's foreign policy emphasized non-alignment, peaceful coexistence, and support for decolonization movements across the world.

Sikkim became the 22nd state of India in 1975 after the monarchy was abolished and the state officially merged with the Indian Union. Quick Tip: Sikkim's integration into India marked the end of a monarchy that lasted for centuries and its transition into a democratic state.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is a national political party in India, known for its right-wing political ideology and its role in the national governance system. Quick Tip: The BJP is a prominent political party in India, often associated with Hindu nationalism and conservative policies.

- The 'Nobel Peace Prize' was awarded to the European Union in 1972 for its efforts in fostering peace.
- The Shimla Agreement was signed in 1968 between India and Pakistan, which sought to address the issues of conflict and cooperation.
- India's first Nuclear Test, known as 'Smiling Buddha,' took place in 1974 at Pokhran.
- The United Nations was established in 1945 after World War II, with a goal to maintain international peace and security.
- Globalization saw significant growth in 2012 due to advances in technology, communication, and international trade.
- The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was signed in 1991 to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Quick Tip: Matching events with their respective dates helps to understand historical timelines and the evolution of global events.

The flag of the European Union contains 12 stars, which symbolize unity, solidarity, and harmony among the peoples of Europe. Quick Tip: The number of stars on the European Union flag has remained constant at 12, symbolizing unity, despite changes in the number of member states.

The terrorist attack on the U.S. World Trade Center occurred on 11th September 2001, when al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked planes and carried out coordinated attacks, resulting in massive loss of life and destruction. Quick Tip: September 11, 2001, is a pivotal moment in modern history that led to global security changes and the War on Terror.

The structure of 'Vishwagram' is referred to as a 'Mandap,' which is a ceremonial structure in Hindu rituals, often used for weddings or religious ceremonies. Quick Tip: A 'Mandap' is a key part of Hindu ceremonial architecture, usually seen during weddings and major festivals.

The 'Two-Nation Theory' was propounded by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which argued for the creation of two separate nations for Hindus and Muslims, leading to the formation of Pakistan in 1947. Quick Tip: The 'Two-Nation Theory' laid the foundation for the partition of India in 1947, leading to the creation of India and Pakistan.

The First Five-Year Plan in India was implemented in 1951, focusing primarily on the development of agriculture, irrigation, and power generation. Quick Tip: The First Five-Year Plan laid the groundwork for India's economic planning and development, focusing on agriculture and rural development.

The 'White Revolution,' also known as Operation Flood, was related to the production and distribution of milk, significantly increasing dairy production in India. Quick Tip: The White Revolution transformed India into the world's largest milk producer, bringing significant changes to the dairy industry.

The slogan 'Garibi Hatao' (Remove Poverty) was given by Indira Gandhi during her election campaign in 1971, aiming to eradicate poverty and implement social welfare programs. Quick Tip: Indira Gandhi's 'Garibi Hatao' slogan became one of the defining themes of her tenure as the Prime Minister of India.

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War, as it marked the reunification of East and West Germany and the decline of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. Quick Tip: The fall of the Berlin Wall is one of the most significant events marking the end of the Cold War.

India signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which was an international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although it did not set binding targets for developing countries. Quick Tip: The Kyoto Protocol is an important international agreement in the context of climate change and environmental protection.

Globalization has led to an increase in employment opportunities, particularly in sectors such as technology, services, and manufacturing, although it has also resulted in some job losses in certain industries. Quick Tip: Globalization has had mixed effects on employment: while it has created jobs in some sectors, it has displaced others.

The Panchsheel Agreement, signed in 1954 between India and China, focused on promoting peaceful coexistence and mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. Quick Tip: Panchsheel is a set of five principles aimed at promoting peaceful relations, and it remains an important aspect of India-China relations.

The Mandal Commission, formed in 1979, is related to the identification and promotion of social and educational opportunities for backward classes in India, not specifically women. Quick Tip: The Mandal Commission recommended reservations for socially and economically backward classes, and its focus was not specifically on women.

Andhra Pradesh is a state in India where the primary language spoken is Telugu, which is one of the major Dravidian languages of South India. Quick Tip: Telugu is the official language of Andhra Pradesh, and it is one of the classical languages of India.

Shock Therapy is a set of economic policies implemented abruptly to stabilize an economy facing hyperinflation, high unemployment, or social turmoil. Typically, it involves measures such as privatization, deregulation, and cutting public spending to rapidly transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-driven one. This term became popular after its application in Eastern Europe and Russia in the 1990s, especially following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Quick Tip: Shock Therapy involves drastic changes and may cause short-term hardship, but its goal is to stabilize the economy for long-term growth.

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last President of the Soviet Union, serving from 1990 until the USSR's dissolution in 1991. He was also the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev is known for introducing significant reforms such as Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring), which aimed to modernize the Soviet system. His efforts inadvertently contributed to the weakening of the Soviet state, culminating in the end of the Cold War and the eventual breakup of the USSR. Quick Tip: Gorbachev's policies were pivotal in transforming the political landscape of Eastern Europe and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Human rights are generally categorized into three classes:

1. Civil and Political Rights: These include rights like freedom of speech, the right to vote, and the right to fair trial.

2. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: These include the right to work, the right to education, and the right to participate in cultural life.

3. Collective Rights: These are rights held by groups, such as the right to self-determination or the right to development. Quick Tip: Understanding the three classes of human rights is essential for grasping the broader scope of human dignity and justice.

Traditional notions of security refer to the concept of protecting a nation or state from external threats, particularly military threats. This includes securing borders, maintaining a strong military, and ensuring the defense of the state against invasions or aggression. It is largely focused on state sovereignty and the use of force as a means of protection. Quick Tip: Traditional security focuses on military aspects, while contemporary security concerns include economic, environmental, and cyber threats.

Natural resources are elements derived from the Earth that are used by humans for various purposes, such as sustenance, manufacturing, and energy. These include renewable resources like sunlight and wind, as well as non-renewable resources like fossil fuels and minerals. Quick Tip: Natural resources are crucial for human survival and development, but their overuse can lead to depletion and environmental damage.

Global warming is the long-term rise in Earth's temperature caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the Sun, leading to a warming effect, which contributes to climate change, melting polar ice, and rising sea levels. Quick Tip: Global warming is a key factor in climate change, which impacts weather patterns, biodiversity, and human societies worldwide.

Globalization is the process by which businesses, cultures, and governments around the world become interconnected. This occurs due to the movement of goods, services, capital, technology, and information across national borders, resulting in greater economic and cultural integration. Quick Tip: Globalization has led to significant changes in global trade, communication, and culture, but it also poses challenges such as inequality and cultural homogenization.

Globalization is driven by several factors, including:

1. Technological Advancements: Innovations in communication (e.g., the internet) and transportation (e.g., air travel) have made it easier to connect and trade internationally.

2. Liberalization of Trade Policies: Economic reforms, such as reducing tariffs and trade barriers, have facilitated global trade and investment. Quick Tip: The two main drivers of globalization are technological progress and policy changes that encourage international trade and investment.

The Planning Commission was established in India on 15th March 1950 by Jawaharlal Nehru, with the objective of formulating and implementing five-year plans to guide India's economic development. Quick Tip: The Planning Commission was instrumental in planning India’s economic growth until it was replaced by the NITI Aayog in 2015.

The First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) focused primarily on the agricultural sector, aiming to increase food production to alleviate food shortages. It also emphasized the development of basic industries like iron, steel, and infrastructure to lay the foundation for future industrial growth. The plan was largely successful in achieving its goals. Quick Tip: The First Five-Year Plan set the tone for India’s long-term economic development, focusing on sectors that would drive growth in the subsequent years.

The Shimla Agreement, signed on 3rd July 1972, between Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, aimed at normalizing relations between the two countries after the 1971 war. The agreement focused on resolving territorial disputes, including the status of Kashmir, through peaceful means and bilateral dialogue, and emphasized the commitment to respecting each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. Quick Tip: The Shimla Agreement marked a significant shift in India-Pakistan relations, moving from war to diplomacy and setting the stage for future dialogues.

India shares its borders with several neighboring countries. Four of the neighboring countries are:

1. Pakistan to the west.

2. China to the north.

3. Nepal to the north.

4. Bangladesh to the east. Quick Tip: India shares land borders with seven countries: Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Afghanistan (via the Kashmir region).

Lal Bahadur Shastri served as India's Prime Minister during a period of significant challenges.

1. The India-Pakistan War of 1965: This war was fought over the Kashmir issue, leading to a military standoff and considerable pressure on India’s resources.

2. The 1965 Drought and Food Crisis: The country faced severe drought conditions, leading to food scarcity and inflation. Shastri promoted the slogan "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" to emphasize the importance of both soldiers and farmers in addressing these challenges. Quick Tip: Lal Bahadur Shastri's leadership during the 1965 war and his focus on boosting agricultural production in the face of a drought were key highlights of his tenure.

A syndicate is a group of investors, companies, or organizations who pool their resources and work together for a specific project or business purpose. Syndicates are often formed for large-scale projects such as corporate takeovers, joint investments, or large financial deals. This collaboration allows members to share the risks and rewards of the venture. Quick Tip: Syndicates are commonly formed in the business world for collaborative ventures, especially in finance, media, and real estate sectors.

The Naxalite Movement began in 1967 in Naxalbari, West Bengal, led by radical communist groups who sought to address issues of land distribution and the exploitation of rural peasants. The movement aims to use armed resistance and revolution to overthrow the Indian government and establish a communist state. Over time, it has spread to various parts of the country, especially in tribal and rural regions. Quick Tip: The Naxalite Movement is part of a broader history of left-wing extremism in India, which has often clashed with state authorities in attempts to bring about socio-political change.

Press censorship is the practice of controlling the flow of information to the public by restricting what the media can publish, broadcast, or report. It can occur during periods of national emergency, political unrest, or in authoritarian regimes, where the government suppresses news or opinions that could be critical of the state or its policies. Quick Tip: Press censorship often comes into effect during wartime or political crises when the government seeks to control public opinion and prevent the spread of potentially destabilizing information.

The Anandpur Sahib Resolution, adopted in 1973, called for greater autonomy for the state of Punjab and the Sikh community. It demanded control over local resources, the protection of the Sikh religion, and a restructuring of the relationship between the central government and states. The resolution was later seen as a central point of contention during the 1980s, contributing to the rise of Sikh militancy and the demand for Khalistan. Quick Tip: The Anandpur Sahib Resolution played a significant role in the political landscape of Punjab, especially in the context of Sikh rights and autonomy.

The term 'Seven Sisters' refers to the seven states located in the northeastern region of India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. These states are known for their unique culture, geography, and biodiversity. The name 'Seven Sisters' was coined due to their geographical proximity and shared cultural traits. Quick Tip: The Seven Sisters play an important role in India's regional security, economy, and cultural diversity, and are often seen as a bridge to Southeast Asia.

Alliance politics refers to a strategy in which political parties come together to form a coalition to govern. This is typically used in situations where no single party can achieve an outright majority in elections. In India, alliance politics became more prominent after the 1980s, when various regional and national parties formed alliances to contest elections together, often leading to coalition governments at the state and central levels. Quick Tip: Alliance politics is common in multi-party systems, where parties collaborate to ensure they can control power and pass legislation.

The Mandal Commission, established in 1979, aimed to identify socially and economically backward classes in India. Two of its key recommendations were:

1. Reservation in government jobs: The commission recommended a 27% reservation for OBCs in central government jobs to promote equality and social justice.

2. Educational provisions: The commission emphasized improving educational opportunities for OBCs, including scholarships and creating special institutions for their education. Quick Tip: The Mandal Commission's recommendations were implemented in the 1990s and significantly reshaped India’s social and educational policies.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 had far-reaching consequences:

1. Emergence of Independent States: The breakup of the U.S.S.R. led to the creation of 15 independent republics, including Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states.

2. Shift in Global Power Dynamics: With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the U.S.A. emerged as the dominant superpower in global politics, marking the end of the Cold War.

3. Economic Instability: The transition from a centrally planned economy to market economies in the former Soviet republics led to significant economic challenges, including hyperinflation, unemployment, and social unrest in some regions. Quick Tip: The disintegration of the Soviet Union led to significant geopolitical changes, and its effects are still felt in international relations and economics today.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union was caused by several factors:

1. Economic Inefficiencies: The centrally planned economy of the U.S.S.R. was inefficient and struggled with stagnation, leading to widespread shortages and dissatisfaction.

2. Nationalism: Several Soviet republics, particularly in Eastern Europe and the Baltics, sought greater autonomy, fueling nationalism and separatist movements.

3. Political Reforms: Under Gorbachev, reforms like Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) were introduced to address political and economic issues, but they inadvertently weakened the central authority and accelerated the disintegration. Quick Tip: The disintegration of the Soviet Union is often attributed to a combination of economic difficulties, political reforms, and growing nationalist movements within its republics.

The growth of the Chinese economy can be attributed to several factors:

1. Economic Reforms: In the late 1970s, China implemented significant economic reforms, including opening up to foreign trade and investment under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping.

2. Investment in Infrastructure: Massive investments in infrastructure and manufacturing capabilities enabled China to become a global leader in production and exports.

3. Government Policies: The Chinese government implemented export-led growth policies, focusing on becoming a manufacturing hub and increasing foreign exchange reserves. Quick Tip: China's rapid economic growth is often attributed to its focus on manufacturing, export policies, and market reforms, which transformed it into the "world's factory."

ASEAN Vision 2020, adopted in 1997, aims to guide the future of the ASEAN region. The objectives include:

1. Creating Stability and Prosperity: One of the main goals is to establish a stable and prosperous ASEAN community with strong economic performance and regional integration.

2. Equitable Economic Development: The vision also focuses on reducing disparities between member countries and ensuring inclusive economic growth.

3. Promoting Cultural Heritage: ASEAN Vision 2020 aims to foster a regional identity by promoting the shared cultural heritage of the member states. Quick Tip: ASEAN Vision 2020 highlights the importance of regional integration, sustainable development, and a unified identity, marking ASEAN as a prominent political and economic bloc.

Nation building involves the creation of a unified state from diverse communities. Three major challenges faced during this process include:

1. Integration of Diverse Communities: India is home to many linguistic, religious, and ethnic groups, and bringing them together to form a unified national identity was a key challenge.
2. Building National Infrastructure: After independence, India faced the task of developing its infrastructure, including education, healthcare, transportation, and industrial growth, to support economic development.

3. Political Stability and Unity: Establishing a stable political system, ensuring the rule of law, and maintaining unity in a newly independent country was a significant challenge, particularly given the partition and political unrest. Quick Tip: Nation building is a complex process that involves not only economic development but also social integration and political unity.

The Instrument of Accession was a legal agreement that allowed the princely states to accede to India, giving the Indian government authority over defense, foreign affairs, communications, and currency. It was signed by the rulers of princely states, including Jammu and Kashmir, in 1947-48, allowing them to be part of the Indian Union. This was essential for the political integration of India after independence. Quick Tip: The Instrument of Accession was crucial in integrating princely states into the Indian Union, ensuring the territorial integrity of the new nation.

The Emergency imposed in India from 1975 to 1977 had several significant consequences:

1. Curtailment of Fundamental Rights: During the Emergency, the government suspended many civil liberties, including the right to freedom of speech and assembly.

2. Centralization of Power: The government gained extraordinary powers, which led to the centralization of authority under the Prime Minister.

3. Repression of Political Opposition: Political opponents were jailed, press censorship was enforced, and protests were suppressed, leading to the curbing of democratic freedoms. Quick Tip: The Emergency is remembered for its impact on democracy in India, where democratic rights were suspended to control political unrest.

The Emergency taught India several lessons:

1. Safeguarding Democratic Values: The imposition of the Emergency highlighted the need to protect the basic principles of democracy and individual freedoms.

2. Checks and Balances: It reinforced the importance of having systems in place to prevent the abuse of power and ensure the balance of power among the branches of government.

3. Judiciary's Role: The Emergency underscored the critical role of the judiciary in defending the Constitution and individual rights, as the courts played a key role in challenging arbitrary actions. Quick Tip: The lessons from the Emergency period emphasize the importance of democratic institutions and the rule of law in maintaining a fair and just society.

SAARC was established in 1985 with the goal of fostering regional cooperation among South Asian countries. Its main aims include promoting economic growth, social progress, and cultural development through collaborative efforts. The organization focuses on addressing regional issues such as poverty, education, health, and economic development, working towards a peaceful and prosperous South Asia. The member states include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Quick Tip: SAARC works as a platform for cooperation among South Asian countries to tackle regional issues through collaborative initiatives.

South Asia, consisting of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, is characterized by:

1. Large Population: With over a billion people, South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions.

2. Political Diversity: The region consists of countries with different political systems, ranging from democracies to monarchies.

3. Cultural Richness: South Asia has a diverse cultural heritage, with various languages, religions (such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam), and traditions.

4. Challenges: The region faces significant challenges, including poverty, environmental issues, political instability, and conflicts, especially between neighboring countries. Quick Tip: South Asia is not only one of the most populous regions but also a melting pot of diverse cultures and religions, with significant socio-political challenges.

International organizations such as the United Nations, World Health Organization, and World Trade Organization play vital roles in global governance. Their key functions include:

1. Promoting Peace and Security: These organizations work to prevent conflicts, mediate disputes, and provide peacekeeping missions to stabilize regions.

2. Facilitating Cooperation: They facilitate cooperation between countries on issues such as climate change, health, and trade by providing platforms for dialogue and agreements.

3. Supporting International Law and Human Rights: They develop and promote international legal frameworks, conventions, and human rights standards.

4. Humanitarian Assistance: During natural disasters or conflicts, international organizations provide emergency aid, humanitarian relief, and long-term recovery support. Quick Tip: International organizations are essential for addressing global challenges, providing platforms for cooperation, and ensuring the peaceful coexistence of nations.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization with the following primary functions:

1. Maintaining Peace and Security: The UN works to prevent conflicts and mediate peace treaties through peacekeeping missions, conflict resolution, and diplomacy.

2. Promoting Human Rights: The UN defends human rights and ensures the protection of fundamental freedoms through its Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other legal frameworks.
3. Economic and Social Cooperation: The UN coordinates efforts to address global challenges such as poverty, climate change, and public health.

4. Humanitarian Aid: The UN provides emergency relief and long-term support to people affected by disasters, conflicts, and other humanitarian crises. Quick Tip: The United Nations is key to global peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, and international cooperation, addressing complex global issues through its specialized agencies.

The differences between India and China stem from several key issues:

1. Border Disputes: The ongoing border disputes, particularly over the regions of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, have been a major point of contention between the two countries.

2. Political Ideologies: India and China have differing political systems—India being a democratic republic and China following a one-party system under Communist rule.

3. Cold War Alliances: During the Cold War, India aligned itself with the Soviet Union, which was in direct opposition to China's alignment with the United States.

4. Economic and Strategic Interests: Both countries have competing interests in regional economic influence and military dominance, especially concerning the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. Quick Tip: The India-China relationship has been influenced by historical, territorial, and geopolitical factors, affecting their interactions on the global stage.

India's Non-aligned Policy, formulated during the Cold War, is characterized by:

1. Non-alignment with Major Blocs: India avoided aligning with either the Soviet Union or the United States, maintaining an independent foreign policy.

2. Promotion of Peaceful Coexistence: The policy emphasized peaceful coexistence and mutual respect among nations, contributing to the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

3. Support for Newly Independent Countries: India actively supported the decolonization process and the independence of countries emerging from colonial rule.

4. Opposition to Colonialism: India strongly opposed colonialism and imperialism, advocating for the self-determination of nations and the establishment of equitable global relations. Quick Tip: India's Non-aligned Policy played a crucial role in shaping its foreign relations, promoting peace, and supporting developing nations in the post-colonial era.

The Sikkim merger occurred after years of political instability and pressures from India. In 1947, India gained independence, and Sikkim remained a protectorate of India. However, in the early 1970s, following an internal political crisis and pressure from the Indian government, Sikkim held a referendum in which the majority of the people voted in favor of merging with India. As a result, Sikkim officially became the 22nd state of India on May 16, 1975. Quick Tip: The Sikkim merger was a significant moment in Indian history, marking the integration of a small kingdom into the Indian Union after a democratic referendum.

The North-East region of India, comprising states like Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, and others, has several aspirations:
1. Demand for Autonomy: The region desires greater political autonomy to govern themselves and manage local affairs, reflecting the unique cultural and ethnic identity of the people.
2. Cultural and Linguistic Preservation: The North-East states seek to preserve their distinct cultural traditions, languages, and indigenous practices.

3. Infrastructure and Economic Development: The region has long struggled with underdevelopment, and there is a strong demand for improved infrastructure, such as roads, education, and healthcare, to foster economic growth.

4. Ethnic Identity and Rights: The people of the North-East often seek protection of their ethnic identity and advocate for the rights of indigenous groups to maintain their land, culture, and way of life. Quick Tip: The North-East region of India has distinct aspirations for political, cultural, and economic empowerment, often stemming from its unique ethnic composition and history.