Agriculture Courses After 12th: List, Fees, Top Colleges, Admission 2024

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Ishika Ray

Updated 3+ months ago

Agriculture imparts a very useful role in grading up the Indian economy. Nowadays candidates from all over the world are using agriculture as their career prospect because it is a significant source of providing the most desirable jobs and industries all over the world.

There are plenty of agriculture courses after the 12th  available in various prestigious institutions these days, where you can apply after the 12th  with an aggregate of 40 to 45% marks. The duration of these courses varies from degree to degree and institution to institution, such that to complete an undergraduate degree takes 3-5 years, a postgraduate degree takes to 2-3 years, a doctorate takes one year and to complete a certification course it takes a few hours to 1 year. Online platforms such as Coursera, udemy, edX, and more offer Agricultural courses after 12th courses with zero fees, and these programs can be accessed anytime anywhere.

The top skills demanded by employers in agricultural courses are that they should have a healthy body, healthy mind, organizational skills, management skills, organic integrity, business savvy, people skills, lifelong learner, analytical and critical thinking skills, a mechanical mind a cool head and knowledge of crops seeds mechanism, climate soil and agricultural science. They should also know the right use of useful resources such as soil and water.

Agriculture Courses After 12th: Highlights

You can do agricultural courses after 12th courses at many levels. Such as undergraduate, postgraduate, short-term certification, diploma, doctorate, and more. These courses help candidates to improve their employability. Some of the highlights of the different agricultural courses after the 12th courses offered in India are given below

Popular Courses

Certificate: There are many certification courses available in Livestock Production, Crop Production, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Engineering, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Plant Breeding and Genetics, etc., and in-depth study of the methods and theories of agricultural courses after 12th.

Diploma & PG Diploma: Top PG diploma and diploma courses in India are Diploma in Agriculture, Diploma in Horticulture, Diploma in Food Processing, Diploma in Dairy Technology, Diploma in Food Processing, Diploma Courses in Agriculture and Allied Practices, etc

UG: B.A., B.Sc, B.Tec, B.Voc

PG: Masters in agricultural courses after the 12th are M.Sc, MBA, M.Tec, M.Phil, etc.

Doctorate: Ph.D. in Agricultural courses after 12th, are Agronomy, Agriculture economics, Agricultural meteorology, agricultural microbiology, agricultural statistics, Agricultural extension, agricultural entomology, agriculture, etc.

Duration

Certificate: 3 months to 1 year (for Offline)

Few days to 6 months (for Online)

Diploma & PG Diploma: 1-2 years

UG: 3-5 years

PG: 2 years

Doctorate: 2 years

Eligibility

Certificate: Pass in Class X or XII from a recognized board

Diploma: Pass in Class XII from any recognized board

PG Diploma: Graduation from any recognized university with agricultural courses having Crop Production, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Engineering, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Plant Breeding and Genetics, etc. as a subject.

UG: Pass in 10+2 from a recognized board

PG: Pass in UG from a recognized University with the agricultural course with agriculture or any of its skills as a subject

Doctorate: Pass in PG program with Agricultural courses after 12th Science as a major subject

Average Fees

Certificate: INR 5,000-60,000

Diploma; PG Diploma: INR 5,000-1,00,000

UG: INR 1,00,000-1,00,00,000

PG: INR 1,00,000-25,00,000

Doctorate: INR 10,000-2,75,000

Online Courses Available
Types of Online Courses EdX, Coursera, Udemy, etc. (Includes Paid and Unpaid courses)
Top Job Prospects Crop specialist, Fertilizer sales representative, Food microbiologist, Food researcher, Plant geneticist, Soil surveyor, Farm manager, Biochemist or biophysicist, Large animal veterinarian, Computational biologist/bioinformatician, Retail buyer or purchasing consultant, Human resource manager, Construction manager or architect, Environmental engineer or scientist, Environmental compliance manager, Agriculture teacher, Food scientist, technologist or engineer, Public relations specialist, Agricultural engineer, Enzymologist, etc.
Average Salary

Certificate: INR 2-5 LPA

Diploma: INR 5-10 LPA

UG: INR 8-15 LPA

PG: INR 20-30 LPA

Doctorate: INR 10-20 LPA

Certificate Agriculture Courses After 12th

There are many certificate programs in Agricultural courses after 12th courses which are offered by both online and offline means. Nowadays online agricultural courses after 12th certificates are very trending and their popularity is increasing day by day. As I have stated before they can be of any time span ranging from a few hours to a few months.

  • Certificate programs of agricultural courses after 12th courses are designed specially to impart candidates with some additional skills that they can use in their respective sector and it makes them able to be active with the daily world.
  • The advancements they are doing every day make them suitable to adjust to the upcoming environment. Those candidates who want to do their job along with their lives and who want to learn some extra skills help them in further advancement. This also improves their complex problems.
  • Many of these courses are Advisor, Head available at self-pace so that they don't demand a lot of daily time from your regular life.

Students who want to go for short-term agricultural courses after the 12th courses after 10th and 12th should also opt for certificate agriculture courses after the 12th.

This earning of extra certificates increases their employability and provides an opportunity to increase their package. Those candidates who want to start their career in this field with a certificate course can get an average salary of INR 2LPA to INR 3 LPA only in the beginning.

Online Certificate Agriculture Courses After 12th

Here is the table showing the best agricultural courses after the 12th certificate programs on different online platforms.

Certificate Name Provider Duration Fees
Agriculture, Economics, and Nature Coursera 17 Hours Paid Certificate
Sustainable Agriculture Land management Coursera 20 Hours Paid Certificate
Challenges of Agribusiness management Coursera 5 Week Paid Certificate
Introduction to Precision Agriculture Udemy 14 Hours INR 1,280
Modern Farming Techniques Udemy 1.5 Hours INR 6,400

Offline Certificate Agriculture Courses After 12th

Here is the table showing the best agricultural courses after the 12th certificate programs on different offline platforms.

Certificate Name College Offering Average Fees
Certificate course in food production Maharishi Markandeshwar University INR 37,000
Indian Agriculture Development Swayam (IGNOU) Paid Certificate
Professional Agriculture MOOC Free
Agriculture for Administrators National Institute of Agricultural Extension management Free

In some of these free courses provided above, the instructors conduct audits before the completion of your certificate.

A few more certificate programs are available online. These other programs include Livestock Production, Crop Production, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Engineering, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agronomy, Horticulture, Agriculture Statistics, Extension Education, etc.

How are Admissions in Certificate Programs of Agriculture Courses After the 12th Done?

The admission in Agricultural courses after the 12th certificate program is done in an organized manner as compared to other bachelor and master courses. There is no particular entrance exam that you have to give to above, they take admission in this kind of course.

  • You can take admission to these online certificate programs by simply applying on the website.
  • Some institutes can analyze your profile and can ask you some questions.
  • If you are doing an offline certificate program the college might give you admission on a merit basis, in that case, your score in class 10th or 12th (as applicable) will be considered.

Top Colleges for Agricultural Courses After 12th Certificate in India

There is a table given below to provide you with a description of the top colleges offering these certificates. We have categorized this according to the colleges offering the certificate courses in India and on an international basis 

Colleges for Online Certificate Agriculture Courses After 12th

Times Higher Education Global Ranking College Name Location
139 University of Western Australia Australia
152 University of Florida Florida
230 University of Toronto Canada
456 Yale University Connecticut

Colleges for Offline Certificate Agriculture Courses After 12th

Rating College Name Location
7.5 Maharishi Markandeshwar University Haryana
8.6 National Institute of Agricultural Extension management Hyderabad
7.1 IGNOU New Delhi

Diploma and PG Diploma Agriculture Courses After 12th

The eligibility for diploma courses is different in every institute. In some diploma courses you can pursue them after class 12, while for some diploma courses, you have to apply after post-graduation.

  • Diploma courses basically offer detailed knowledge as compared to the elaborate teaching in bachelor's or master’s degree (on a full-time basis) therefore by doing them you can save both money and time.
  • The undergraduate diploma courses are for 1 year while diploma courses after post-graduation can consist of one or two years.
  • These courses are basically preferred by students who want to join the job soon rather than investing plenty of time into a detailed course.

Like certificate programs, diploma agricultural courses after 12th courses also provide you huge flexibility so that you can choose from a wide set of specializations. Candidates who are prepared to save their resources can do this career-oriented course (such as a diploma or PG diploma agricultural courses after the 12th courses). The average salary after doing a diploma course is around INR 2 - 5 LPA in India.

Top Diploma Agriculture Courses After 12th

Diploma Name Colleges Offering Average Fees Mode
Diploma Agriculture Jagannath University, Jaipur INR 70,000 Offline
Diploma Dairy Technology Parul University INR 1,35,000 Online
Diploma horticulture University of Mumbai INR 26,667 Offline
Diploma Food Production UEI Global INR 1,48,000 Offline

Top PG Diploma Agriculture Courses After 12th

PG Diploma Name Colleges  Average Fees
PG Diploma Floriculture Faculty of Life Sciences, Kurukshetra INR 6,070
PG Diploma Agriculture Punjab Agriculture University INR 53,570
PG Diploma Dairy Technology Annamalai University, Chidambaram INR 4,167
PG Diploma seed technology BHU INR 20,000

How are Admission in Diploma and PG Diploma Agriculture Courses After 12th Courses Done?

The admissions in diploma courses are merely done based on a merit list.

A merit list is generated by the recognized university or Institute after all applicants have filed their applications. If you want to pursue an undergraduate diploma course, a class 12 score is required while if you want to do a PG diploma course graduation score is required.

The selection process is almost the same in online Diploma courses as they are in offline diploma courses. The candidates who want to be career-oriented meet the eligibility criteria must have completed the required degree for the course.

Top Colleges Offering Diploma in Agriculture Courses After 12th

Top colleges offering diploma and pg diploma courses are listed below 

Colleges for Diploma Agricultural Courses After 12th Courses

NIRF Ranking College Name Location
46 University of Mumbai Mumbai
65 Parul University Vadodara
456 IGNOU New Delhi
568 Jagannath University Jaipur
- UEI Global Lucknow

Colleges for PG Diploma Agriculture Courses After 12th Courses

Bachelor Agriculture Courses After 12th

The duration of bachelor agricultural courses after the 12th course from three to four years. These come in both general and specialization forms. 

  • You can take admission to bachelor’s degree courses by giving entrance exams at both the National and state levels. In these courses’ students are provided with proper education through classroom programs. 
  • Those college students who want to dedicate their time to that particular field and make it a long-time career should go for bachelor agricultural courses after 12th courses rather than diploma courses. 

The graduates of agricultural courses after the 12th courses can expect a salary of INR 2 to 5 LPA, in the beginning, depending upon the skills they have earned and also on the colleges from which they are graduating.

Top Undergraduate (UG) Agricultural Courses After 12th

Course Name Top Colleges Average Fees Domain
BA Agriculture Lady Shri Ram College for Women Loyola College St. Xaviers College INR 2,000 – 5,00,000 Arts
BSc Agriculture St. Stephen's College Loyola College St. Xaviers College INR 20,000 – 3,00,000 Science
BTech/BE Agriculture College of Engineering (Anna University) Saveetha Engineering College Bharath University INR 50,000 – 8,00,000 Engineering
BBA Agriculture University of Horticultural Sciences - UHS Kakatiya University - KU.  Karnataka Sanskrit University - KSU.  INR 6,500 – 2,00,000 Business Administration

How is Admission to Bachelor Agricultural Courses After 12th Done?

Admissions to bachelor agricultural courses after the 12th course can be done through an entrance exam as well as the merit list.

  • Some of the top universities are providing undergraduate agricultural courses after 12th courses entrance exams which are ICAR Entrance Exam (ICAR-AIEEA), AP EAMCET, PAU Entrance Exam, (IKGV) CET, MP PAT, JCECE, TS EAMCET, Etc.
  • Students who have completed their class 12th from a recognized educational board and should have obtained a minimum of 50% aggregate are eligible to apply for this exam.

Bachelor Agriculture Courses After 12th Entrance Exams

Entrance Exam Exam Date
ICAR-AIEEA Click Here
AP EAMCET Click Here
JCECE Click Here

Colleges for Bachelor of Agriculture Courses After 12th

The top colleges offering bachelors courses are listed below 

Master Agricultural Courses After 12th

Masters Agricultural courses after 12th courses are generally pursued by those candidates who want to long-time do specialization in major streams like Crop Production, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Engineering, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agronomy, Horticulture, Agriculture Statistics and more.

  • The duration of postgraduate Agricultural courses is 2 years in most of cases, but in some cases, it is three years.
  • Master's courses generally refine the skills of a student and impart some abilities so that they can deal with more complex problems.
  • Admissions to these courses are done through entrance exams.

Top Postgraduate (PG) Agriculture Courses After 12th

Course Name Top Colleges Average Fees Domain
MSc Agriculture BHU - Banaras Hindu University Andhra University Quantum School of Agricultural Studies  INR 14,000 Science
MTech Agriculture Indian Institute of Technology Madras  Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Integral University, Lucknow INR 12,000 Technology
MSc Hons Agriculture DAV University  Goodwill college Rai Technology University - Honors
MPhil Agriculture IARI Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University INR 2,600 Philosophy

How are Admissions in Master Agriculture Courses After the 12th Done?

To take admission in a master's course you have to take an entrance exam at the state and national level after completing your bachelor's degree in that field.

  • Admissions to master courses are also done through both merit and entrance exams.
  • AGRICET, ICAR AIEEA, MCAER, CUCET, PAUMET, etc, and more are conducted for admission in the Master's programs of top colleges in India.
  • Candidates need to have completed their bachelors in a computer subject along with 50% marks to be eligible for master Agricultural courses after the 12th courses.
  • Certain colleges give admission on a merit basis also, after considering the CGPA or Percentage obtained in graduation.

Colleges for Master Agriculture Courses After 12th

The top colleges offering masters courses are listed below 

NIRF Ranking College Name Location
3 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur
11 Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi
15 IARI New Delhi
52 GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar

Doctorate Agriculture Courses After 12th

Doctorate agricultural courses after 12th courses are mostly pursued if you want to go into the research field.

  • The minimum duration to pursue these courses are two years but it can be extended according to the demand of research.
  • After doing Ph.D. you can opt for teaching or lectureship in some recognized colleges.

The average salary offered to doctorates in India is around INR 8 to 10 LPA.

Top Ph.D. Agriculture Courses After 12th

Here is a table showing popular doctorate courses in India 

Course Name Top Colleges Average Fees Domain
Ph.D. Agronomy Agriculture College Bihar Agricultural University Rajasthan College of Agriculture  INR 50,000 – 5,00,000 Agronomy
Ph.D. Agriculture The Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology B. R. D. P. G. College SGT University INR 50,000 – 7,00,000 Agriculture
Ph.D. Spices and Plantation Crops Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya Agricultural University - KAU INR 50,000 – 5,00,000 Spices and Plantation Crops

How is Admission to Doctorate Agriculture Courses After 12th Done?

You can take admission in doctorate courses of agricultural courses after the 12th through entrance exams. There are multiple entrance exams conducted to provide admission to these courses.

  • You must have a master's degree or a PG diploma if you want to apply for this course.

Colleges for Doctorate Agriculture Courses After 12th

Top colleges offering doctorate courses are listed below 

Times Today Ranking College Name Location
52 Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar
99 LPU Punjab
27 University of Agricultural Sciences  Dharwad
- Maharishi Arvind University Rajasthan
- Rajasthan College of Agriculture  Udaipur

Agriculture courses after 12th Jobs And Scope

Average Salary

Biochemist

Biochemists are those people who study life forms, see how they are affected by chemical procedures, their composition, and their functions. They also conduct experiments, research, and find out information to provide a great understanding of death, life, and everything that exists between them.

Starting Salary: INR 3,90,000

Skills Required

  • Data recording, laboratory testing, and safety procedures.
  • Scientific concepts and the biological processes.
  • Written and verbal communication

Food Scientist

Food scientists are those people who improve the packaging of food, originate new food products, and improve the quality of food by originating new techniques and resources. They also ensure that the food products which are provided should be reached with great safety and standards by improving food storage and processing and transportation methods.

Starting Salary: INR 7,50,000

Skills Required

  • Ability to work in Laboratories.
  • Data Science 
  • Written and verbal communication skills.
  • Willing to work on night and weekend shifts for special projects.

Environmental Engineer

Environmental engineers are those engineers who find new and innovative solutions to trending environmental issues. Their work is to analyze and collect environmental data, study the influence of humans on the environment, and improve the conservation management of the environment.

Starting Salary: INR 4,33,270

Skills Required

  • A Master's degree is preferred.
  • Professional engineering license 
  • Analytical mindset and good problem-solving skills.
  • Excellent proficiency in technical reports

Agricultural Lawyer

Agriculture is one of the most regulated and prestigious industries in today's society, so the lawyer fitted in that field must have a lot of work to do. The agricultural lawyers should have specialization in the field of agriculture as they have to deal with environmental issues, water, agricultural labor, marketing, pesticide use, land use, marketing, seed issues, etc.

Starting Salary: INR 3,95,000

Skills Required

  • Pass a bar exam that is organized in the state you want to practice in.
  • Knowledge about agricultural law.

Agricultural Operations Manager

The work of the Agricultural operations manager is to supervise staff monitor animals and crops and handle various tasks of Administration. They also prepare but Che supplies budgets and maintains relationships with clients and vendors by ensuring maximum profitability.

Starting Salary: INR 7,78,278

Skills Required

  • Extensive experience and farming-related programs.
  • Passionate for agriculture.
  • Analytical mind and critical thinking skills.
  • Ability to make decisions in stressful conditions.
  • Excellent interpersonal skills and communication.
  • Willing to work overtime also.

Agriculture Courses After 12th: Required Skills

Crop Production

Crop protection is a practice used by farmers across the world to grow and produce those crops that are mainly used as food and fiber. In this method, all the resources that are used to maintain and produce crops are used. 

Top Crop Production Courses

Course Provider Duration Fees
Sustainable Food Security: Crop Production Wageningen University and research 6 Weeks INR 3,617
Associate Diploma in Agricultural crop production ACS Distance Education 1500 Hours INR 2,76,554.96
Reduce pests and increase yield using crop rotation Udemy 1 Hour INR 1,280

Crop Production Course Syllabus

Introduction to agriculture  Factors affecting crop growth and production
Crop management  -

Crop Production Job Profiles

  • Agricultural crop farm manager
  • Farm crop production technicians
  • Agricultural worker
  • Crop farmer
  • Agriculture scientists

Plant Pathology

Plant pathology is basically the study of infectious diseases caused by insects and pathogens in different environmental conditions. Usually, the organisms that cause infections are fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, viruses, virus-like organisms, protozoa, phytoplasmas, parasitic plants, and nematodes. As the advancement in science is increasing day by day we need to obtain some methods to improve the conditions of plants, keep them healthy, improve their texture, and keep up with the changes caused in them by diseases by getting them rid of these kinds of pathogens.

Top Plant Pathology Courses

Course Provider Duration Fees
Plant pathology and soil health Swayam 12 week Paid Certificate
Plant Pathology and Entomology Wageningen Academy 6 Weeks INR 2,10,910
Plant Pathology ADL 100 Hours INR 31,985

Plant Pathology Course Syllabus

Design and Analysis of Agricultural Experiments Cropping Systems and Crop Ecology
Host-Pathogen Interaction and Breeding for Disease Resistance Plant Bacteriology and Virology
Agricultural Mycology Agricultural Meteorology

Plant Pathology Job Profiles

  • Plant Pathology Manager
  • Assist. Agri. Research Officer
  • Scientist
  • Plant Pathologist

Agronomy

Agronomic means the use of different plants and soil Sciences for soil management and crop production and Management. In this field you learn about crop production, herbicides, and crop protection, the physiology of drought, physiological aspects of crop yield, the physiology of crop plants, principles of crop nutrition, advanced irrigation agronomy, advanced tropical Agricultural Research organization, arid zone agronomy, agrometeorology cropping, and farming systems.

Top Agronomy Courses

Course Provider Duration Fees
Agronomy ACS Distance Education 100 Hours INR 45,000
Agronomy I Careerline Courses 12 Months INR 58,558
Agronomy: Production and harvesting of different crops ACS Distance Education 600 Hours INR 1,20,070

Agronomy Course Syllabus

Modern Concepts in Crop Production Principles and Practices of Water Management
Agronomy of Crops Agrometeorology and Crop Weather Forecasting
Cropping Systems and Sustainable Agriculture Dry-land Farming and Watershed Management

Agronomy Job Profiles

  • Farm Manager
  • Agronomist
  • Research Testing Associate
  • Subject Matter Specialist

Plant Breeding

Plant breeding is the process to improve the genetic configuration of a particular plant by combining species of two separate plants. You can do this process by combining parental plants having the best characteristics by the hybridization method. Through this process, breeders enhance plant characteristics by choosing those plants that have great potential based on their performance data, genetic information, Pedigree, etc. This process improves the plant's genetic configuration and thus improves them for food, fiber, feed, fuel, landscaping, shelter, and a variety of other human activities.

Top Plant Breeding Courses

Course Provider Duration Fees
Plant tissue culture Careerline Courses 100 Hours INR 59,169
Seed Propagation Careerline Courses 100 Hours INR 59,169
Modern Farming Techniques Udemy 1.5 Hours INR 6,400

Plant Breeding Course Syllabus

Mendelian Genetics Molecular Genetics
Techniques in Cell Biology Plant Breeding
Cytology Plant Biochemistry

Plant Breeding Job Profiles

  • Agronomist
  • Application Support Specialist
  • Conversion Centre Manager
  • Corn Breeder

Entomology

Through entomology, we study the relationship between humans, insects, other organisms, and the environment. Generally, the work of an entomologist is spread in diverse fields like agriculture, biology, chemistry, animal/human health, criminology, molecular science, and forensics. Although insects are useful they do a lot of damage to crops and other plants, such that they transmit diseases, damage crops, and invade homes. The entomology course is separated into four fields which are basic Sciences, plant protection for biology education, and urban pest management.

Top Entomology Courses

Course Provider Duration Fees
Plant Pathology and Entomology Wageningen Academy 6 Weeks INR 2,10,910
Bugs: Insect Human interaction Coursera 27 Hours Paid Certificate
Master’s Degree in Plant health management Ohio State University 7 Semesters INR 9,18,983

Entomology Course Syllabus

The Insects Tropical Horticultural Entomology
Principles of Entomology Principles of Urban Pest Management
Biology & Identification of Urban Pests Fundamentals of Pest Management

Entomology Job Profiles

  • Research Associate
  • Junior Research Fellow
  • Market Development Manager
  • Associate Professor
  • Business Development Executive
  • Entomologist

Agriculture Courses After 12th: FAQS

Ques. What do you study in agriculture?

Ans. The agricultural course basically includes science and math courses. So you will study animal or plant biology chemistry physical science genetics human nutrition animal nutrition commercial science and animal reproduction. The math course basically includes economics.

Ques. Can I go abroad after my BSc in agriculture?

Ans. BSc agriculture has a huge scope for employment in both India and abroad.

Ques. Which country is best for agriculture jobs?

Ans. According to a recent survey Canada has been considered the most eligible country to give agricultural employment. This country holds a large number of Agriculture areas and a very low population which's why creating an opportunity for every individual to work in the agricultural sector. 

Ques. Is agriculture hard to study?

Ans. No! Agriculture is not hard to study, it is basically a practical course in which you have to use physical skills. If you had exposure to farms during your childhood days it will help you to grasp things easily or else you will be taught everything during your degree program.

Ques. What is the salary after a BSc in agriculture?

Ans. The average salary offered after doing BSc in agriculture is around 5-9 lacs. However, it also depends upon where you have been employed, your experience, and your knowledge.

Ques. Is agriculture good for a Career?

Ans. Agriculture contains a large source of employment across the country and also plays a vital role in increasing the Indian economy by promoting good quality food and efficient production to fulfill the country's hunger demand.

Ques. What is taught in BSc agriculture?

Ans. In BSc agriculture, you will be studying various subjects such as agronomics, horticulture, soil Sciences, plant breeding and genetics, animal Sciences entomology, plant pathology, extension education covering agricultural economics common plant biochemistry basics of biotechnology, etc.

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