IPMAT 2025 Question Paper May 23 is available for download here. IIM Indore conducted IPMAT 2025 on May 23 from 2 PM to 4 PM. IPMAT 2025 Question Paper consists of three sections: Quantitative ability, Logical reasoning, and Verbal ability carrying 4 mark each and -1 for incorrect answers to be attempted in the duration of 2 hours.
IPMAT 2025 Question Paper with Solution PDF May 23
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A circle of radius 13 cm touches the adjacent sides AB and BC of a square ABCD at M and N, respectively. If AB = 18 cm and the circle intersects the other two sides CD and DA at P and Q, respectively, then the area, in sq. cm, of triangle PMD is ________
Monica, who is 18 years old, is one-third the age of her father. The age at which she will be half the age of her father is ________
The number of biologists in team E is ________
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This is a logical reasoning and data interpretation problem. We need to systematically use all the given conditions to determine the exact composition of each team.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Create a table to organize the information for the five teams and three skill sets. Use the given constraints to fill in the table and solve for the unknown values using a system of equations.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Total members = 5 teams \(\times\) 15 members/team = 75.
The total number of biologists, geologists, and explorers are equal.
Total Biologists = Total Geologists = Total Explorers = 75 / 3 = 25.
Let \(B_i, G_i, E_i\) be the number of biologists, geologists, and explorers in team \(i\). We know \(B_i + G_i + E_i = 15\) and \(B_i, G_i, E_i \ge 2\).
Let's use the explorer information first: \(E_A > E_B > E_C > E_D > E_E\), they are distinct integers, and all \(E_i \ge 2\).
Let the numbers be \(e, e+1, e+2, e+3, e+4\). The sum of explorers is 25. \[ E_A+E_B+E_C+E_D+E_E = 25 \]
Let \(E_E = x\), where \(x \ge 2\). Then \(E_D=x+1, E_C=x+2, E_B=x+3, E_A=x+4\).
Sum: \( (x+4) + (x+3) + (x+2) + (x+1) + x = 5x + 10 \). \[ 5x + 10 = 25 \implies 5x = 15 \implies x = 3 \]
So, the number of explorers are: \(E_E=3, E_D=4, E_C=5, E_B=6, E_A=7\).
Now we can build a table and fill in the known values:
\begin{table[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular{|c|c|c|c|c|
\hline
Team & Biologists (B) & Geologists (G) & Explorers (E) & Total
\hline
A & \(B_A\) & 6 & 7 & 15
\hline
B & \(B_B\) & \(G_B\) & 6 & 15
\hline
C & 6 & \(G_C\) & 5 & 15
\hline
D & 6 & \(G_D\) & 4 & 15
\hline
E & \(B_E\) & \(G_E\) & 3 & 15
\hline
Total & 25 & 25 & 25 & 75
\hline
\end{tabular
\end{table
From the table, using \(B_i+G_i+E_i=15\):
Team A: \(B_A + 6 + 7 = 15 \implies B_A = 2\).
Team C: \(6 + G_C + 5 = 15 \implies G_C = 4\).
Team D: \(6 + G_D + 4 = 15 \implies G_D = 5\).
Now use the total columns:
Total Biologists: \(B_A + B_B + B_C + B_D + B_E = 25 \implies 2 + B_B + 6 + 6 + B_E = 25 \implies B_B + B_E = 11\). (Eq 1)
Total Geologists: \(G_A + G_B + G_C + G_D + G_E = 25 \implies 6 + G_B + 4 + 5 + G_E = 25 \implies G_B + G_E = 10\). (Eq 2)
We also know for teams B and E:
Team B: \(B_B + G_B + 6 = 15 \implies B_B + G_B = 9\). (Eq 3)
Team E: \(B_E + G_E + 3 = 15 \implies B_E + G_E = 12\). (Eq 4)
Finally, use the condition "Every team except A has more biologists than explorers" (\(B_i > E_i\) for i=B,C,D,E).
Team B: \(B_B > E_B \implies B_B > 6\).
Team C: \(B_C > E_C \implies 6 > 5\). (Satisfied)
Team D: \(B_D > E_D \implies 6 > 4\). (Satisfied)
Team E: \(B_E > E_E \implies B_E > 3\).
We have \(B_B + B_E = 11\) (Eq 1) and the constraint \(B_B > 6\).
Since \(B_B\) is an integer, \(B_B\) can be 7, 8, 9, etc.
From Eq 1, \(B_E = 11 - B_B\).
If \(B_B = 7\), \(B_E = 4\). This satisfies \(B_E > 3\).
If \(B_B = 8\), \(B_E = 3\). This does not satisfy \(B_E > 3\).
If \(B_B > 8\), \(B_E < 3\), which is also not allowed.
So, the only possibility is \(B_B = 7\) and \(B_E = 4\).
Step 4: Final Answer:
The number of biologists in team E is 4.
Quick Tip: For logic puzzles with multiple constraints, tabulation is key. Start by filling in the most definitive information first. Then, use the process of elimination and system of equations to solve for the remaining variables.
If \( \log_3(x^2 - 1) \), \( \log_3(2x^2 + 1) \) and \( \log_3(6x^2 + 3) \) are the first three terms of an arithmetic progression, then the sum of the next three terms of the progression is ________
English exam and Math exam were conducted separately for a class of 120 students. The number of students who did not appear for the English exam is twice the number of students who did not appear for the Math exam. The number of students who passed the Math exam is twice the number of students who appeared but failed the English exam. If the number of students who passed the English exam is twice the number of students who appeared but failed the Math exam, then the number of students who appeared but failed the English exam is ________
The number of teams having more geologists than biologists is ________
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This is a logical reasoning and data interpretation problem. We need to systematically use all the given conditions to determine the exact composition of each team and then answer the specific question.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Create a table to organize the information for the five teams and three skill sets. Use the given constraints to fill in the table and solve for the unknown values.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Total members = 5 teams \(\times\) 15 members/team = 75.
The total number of biologists, geologists, and explorers are equal.
Total Biologists = Total Geologists = Total Explorers = 75 / 3 = 25.
Let \(B_i, G_i, E_i\) be the number of biologists, geologists, and explorers in team \(i\).
We know \(B_i + G_i + E_i = 15\) and \(B_i, G_i, E_i \ge 2\).
From the explorer information: \(E_A > E_B > E_C > E_D > E_E\), they are distinct integers, and all \(E_i \ge 2\).
Let the numbers be \(x, x+1, x+2, x+3, x+4\). The sum of explorers is 25. \[ E_A+E_B+E_C+E_D+E_E = (x+4)+(x+3)+(x+2)+(x+1)+x = 5x+10 = 25 \]
Solving this gives \(5x = 15 \implies x = 3\).
So, the number of explorers are: \(E_A=7, E_B=6, E_C=5, E_D=4, E_E=3\).
We can build a table and fill in the known values. From a full logical deduction (as required for the entire puzzle set), we find the final team compositions:
\begin{table[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular{|c|c|c|c|
\hline
Team & Biologists (B) & Geologists (G) & Explorers (E)
\hline
A & 2 & 6 & 7
\hline
B & 7 & 2 & 6
\hline
C & 6 & 4 & 5
\hline
D & 6 & 5 & 4
\hline
E & 4 & 8 & 3
\hline
\end{tabular
\end{table
Now we check which teams have more geologists than biologists (G > B):
Team A: 6 > 2 (Yes)
Team B: 2 < 7 (No)
Team C: 4 < 6 (No)
Team D: 5 < 6 (No)
Team E: 8 > 4 (Yes)
There are 2 such teams (A and E).
Step 4: Final Answer:
The number of teams having more geologists than biologists is 2.
Quick Tip: When multiple questions are based on the same set of data, solve the data puzzle completely first. Create a clean, final table of all values. The subsequent questions will then become simple look-up or calculation tasks based on that table.
If \( A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & n
1 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \) such that \( A^3 = 27 \begin{bmatrix} 4 & q
p & r \end{bmatrix} \), then \( p + q + r \) equals ________
The median number of biologists across five teams is ________
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires finding the median of a set of numbers. The median is the middle value of a dataset when it is arranged in ascending or descending order. The data itself comes from the solution to the logic puzzle presented before Q.6.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
1. List the number of biologists for each of the five teams from the solved data puzzle.
2. Arrange these five numbers in ascending order.
3. Identify the middle value. For a set with an odd number of values (n), the median is the \((\frac{n+1}{2})^{th}\) value in the sorted list.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
From the detailed analysis for the puzzle, the number of biologists in each team (A, B, C, D, E) was determined as:
Team A Biologists (\(B_A\)): 2
Team B Biologists (\(B_B\)): 7
Team C Biologists (\(B_C\)): 6
Team D Biologists (\(B_D\)): 6
Team E Biologists (\(B_E\)): 4
The dataset of the number of biologists is \{2, 7, 6, 6, 4\.
To find the median, we first need to sort this data in ascending order: \[ 2, 4, 6, 6, 7 \]
There are n=5 data points (an odd number). The median is the middle value, which is the \((\frac{5+1}{2})^{th} = 3^{rd}\) value in the sorted list.
The third value in the list \{2, 4, 6, 6, 7\ is 6.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The median number of biologists across the five teams is 6.
Quick Tip: Remember the definition of median: it's the middle value of a sorted dataset. A common mistake is to find the middle value of the unsorted list. For an even number of data points, the median is the average of the two middle values.
If the polynomial \( ax^2 + bx + 5 \) leaves a remainder 3 when divided by \( x - 1 \), and a remainder 2 when divided by \( x + 1 \), then \( 2b - 4a \) equals ________
If m and n are two positive integers such that \( 7m + 11n = 200 \), then the minimum possible value of m + n is ________
If the sum of the first 21 terms of the sequence \( \ln \frac{a}{b}, \ln \frac{a^2}{b^3}, \ln \frac{a^3}{b^5}, \dots \) is \( \ln \frac{a^m}{b^n} \), then the value of \( m + n \) is ________
Arpita and Nikita, working together, can complete an assigned job in 12 days. If Arpita works initially to complete 40% of the job, and the remaining job is completed by Nikita alone, then it takes 24 days to complete the job. The possible number of days that Nikita requires to complete the entire job, working alone, is ________
Eight teams take part in a tournament where each team plays against every other team exactly once. In a particular year, one team got suspended after playing 3 matches, due to a disciplinary issue. The organizers decide to proceed, nonetheless, with the remaining matches. The total number of matches that were played in the tournament that year is ________
If a, b, c are three distinct natural numbers, all less than 100, such that \( |a - b| + |b - c| = |c - a| \), then the maximum possible value of b is ________
The number of factors of \( 3^5 \times 5^8 \times 7^2 \) that are perfect squares is ________
A circle touches the y-axis at (0, 4) and passes through the point (-2, 0). Then the radius of the circle is
In triangle ABC, AB = AC = x, \( \angle ABC = \theta \) and the circumradius is equal to y. Then \( \frac{x}{y} \) equals
The remainder when \( 11^{1011} + 1011^{11} \) is divided by 9 is
A natural number n lies between 100 and 400, and the sum of its digits is 10. The probability that n is divisible by 4, is ________
Suppose a, b and c are three real numbers such that Max(a, b, c) + Min(a, b, c) = 15, and Median(a, b, c) - Mean(a, b, c) = 2. Then the median of a, b and c is
Let A(1,3) and B(5,1) be two points. If a line with slope m intersects AB at an angle of 45\(^\circ\), then the possible values of m are
If \( y = a + b \log_e x \) then which of the following is true?
Consider a triangle with side lengths 4 meters, 6 meters, and 9 meters. A dog runs around the triangle in such a way that the shortest distance of the dog from the triangle is exactly 1 meter. The total distance covered (in meters) by the dog in one round is
The set of all values of x satisfying the inequality \( \log_{(x+\frac{1}{2})} \left[ \log_2 \left( \frac{x-1}{x+2} \right) \right] > 0 \) is
Let P(x) be a quadratic polynomial such that \( \begin{vmatrix} P(0) & P(1)
P(0) & P(2) \end{vmatrix} = 0 \). Let P(0) = 2 and P(1) + P(2) + P(3) = 14. Then P(4) equals
If \( 8x^2 - 2kx + k = 0 \) is a quadratic equation in x, such that one of its roots is p times the other, and p, k are positive real numbers, then k equals
The sum of the first 5 terms of a geometric progression is the same as the sum of the first 7 terms of the same progression. If the sum of the first 9 terms is 24, then the 4th term of the progression is
A and B take part in a rifle shooting match. The probability of A hitting the target is 0.4, while the probability of B hitting the target is 0.6. If A has the first shot, post which both strike alternately, then the probability that A hits the target before B hits it is
Two swimmers, Ankit and Bipul, start swimming from the opposite ends of a swimming pool at the same time. Ankit can cover the length of the pool once in 10 minutes. Bipul can cover the length of the pool once in 15 minutes. They swim back and forth for 80 minutes without stopping. The number of times they meet each other is ________
Let \( S_1 = \{100, 105, 110, 115, \dots\} \) and \( S_2 = \{100, 95, 90, 85, \dots \} \) be two series in arithmetic progression. If \(a_k\) and \(b_k\) are the k-th terms of \(S_1\) and \(S_2\), respectively, then \( \sum_{k=1}^{20} a_k b_k \) equals ________
Let A and B be two finite sets such that n(A - B), n(A \(\cap\) B), n(B - A) are in an arithmetic progression. Here n(X) denotes the number of elements in a finite set X. If n(A \(\cup\) B) = 18, then n(A) + n(B) is ________
If \( \log_{25}[5 \log_3 (1 + \log_3(1 + 2 \log_2 x))] = 1/2 \) then x is
Area of a regular octagon inscribed in a circle of radius 1 unit is
The number of integers greater than 5000 and divisible by 5 that can be formed with the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 where no digit is repeated is
Let \( f(x) = a^2x^2 + 2bx + c \) where, a \( \neq \) 0, b, c are real numbers and x is a real variable then
Anindita invests a total of 1 lakh rupees distributed across three schemes A, B and C for a period of two years. These schemes offer an interest rate of 10%, 8% and 12% per annum, respectively, each compounded annually. If the initial investment amount in scheme A is 30000 rupees and the total interest earned from all the three schemes during the first year is 10600 rupees, then the total interest earned, in rupees, from all the three schemes for the second year is ________
If \( a_1, a_2, \dots, a_8 \) are the roots of the equation \( x^8 + x^7 + \dots + x + 1 = 0 \), then the value of \( a_1^{2025} + a_2^{2025} + \dots + a_8^{2025} \) is
The area of the triangle, formed by the straight lines \( y = 0 \), \( 12x - 5y = 0 \), and \( 3x + 4y = 7 \), is ________
Given that \( 1 + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \frac{1}{4^2} + \dots = \frac{\pi^2}{6} \), the value of \( 1 + \frac{1}{3^2} + \frac{1}{5^2} + \frac{1}{7^2} + \dots \) is
Which of the following numbers is divisible by \( 3^{10} + 2 \)?
Among the following four months, for which month the value of the Footwear returned (in lakhs of rupees) was the highest?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to find the month with the highest value of returned Footwear. The value of returned products is calculated by multiplying the sales of that month by the percentage of products returned.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Value of Returned Footwear = (Sales of Footwear) \( \times \) (Percentage of Footwear Returned)
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
We need to calculate the value of returned Footwear for each of the four months listed in the options.
March: Sales = 121 lakhs, Return % = 7%.
Value returned = \( 121 \times 0.07 = 8.47 \) lakhs.
July: Sales = 119 lakhs, Return % = 9%.
Value returned = \( 119 \times 0.09 = 10.71 \) lakhs.
June: Sales = 111 lakhs, Return % = 5%.
Value returned = \( 111 \times 0.05 = 5.55 \) lakhs.
September: Sales = 118 lakhs, Return % = 9%.
Value returned = \( 118 \times 0.09 = 10.62 \) lakhs.
Comparing the calculated values:
March: 8.47 lakhs
July: 10.71 lakhs
June: 5.55 lakhs
September: 10.62 lakhs
The highest value is 10.71 lakhs, which occurred in July.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The value of the Footwear returned was the highest in July.
Quick Tip: When comparing values based on percentages, don't just look at the highest percentage or the highest sales figure. You must always calculate the actual value, as a lower percentage of a higher base can be greater than a higher percentage of a lower base.
By what percentage the net sales for June increased as compared to May in the Footwear category?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the percentage increase in net sales from May to June for the Footwear category. First, we need to calculate the net sales for both months. Net sales is defined as Sales minus the Value of products returned.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
1. Calculate Net Sales = Sales \( \times \) (1 - Return Percentage).
2. Calculate Percentage Increase = \( \frac{Net Sales in June - Net Sales in May}{Net Sales in May} \times 100% \).
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Calculate Net Sales for May (Footwear):
Sales in May = 69 lakhs
Return Percentage in May = 6%
Value Returned in May = \( 69 \times 0.06 = 4.14 \) lakhs
Net Sales in May = \( 69 - 4.14 = 64.86 \) lakhs
Calculate Net Sales for June (Footwear):
Sales in June = 111 lakhs
Return Percentage in June = 5%
Value Returned in June = \( 111 \times 0.05 = 5.55 \) lakhs
Net Sales in June = \( 111 - 5.55 = 105.45 \) lakhs
Calculate Percentage Increase:
Increase in Net Sales = \( 105.45 - 64.86 = 40.59 \) lakhs
Percentage Increase = \( \frac{40.59}{64.86} \times 100% \)
Percentage Increase \( \approx 0.62583 \times 100% \approx 62.58% \)
Step 4: Final Answer:
The net sales for June increased by approximately 62.58 percent as compared to May.
Quick Tip: To calculate net sales more quickly, use the formula: Net Sales = Gross Sales \( \times \) (1 - Return Rate). For May: \(69 \times 0.94 = 64.86\). For June: \(111 \times 0.95 = 105.45\). This saves one calculation step.
Which month had highest percentage decline in monthly sales as compared to previous month for the Apparel category?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
We need to calculate the percentage decline in sales for the Apparel category for each of the given months compared to its preceding month and identify the month with the highest percentage decline.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Percentage Decline = \( \frac{Sales in Previous Month - Sales in Current Month}{Sales in Previous Month} \times 100% \). We only need to perform this calculation for months that showed a decline.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's calculate the percentage decline for each of the months listed in the options.
October:
Sales in October = 222 lakhs.
Sales in September (previous month) = 288 lakhs.
Decline = \( 288 - 222 = 66 \) lakhs.
Percentage Decline = \( \frac{66}{288} \times 100% \approx 22.92% \).
June:
Sales in June = 230 lakhs.
Sales in May (previous month) = 249 lakhs.
Decline = \( 249 - 230 = 19 \) lakhs.
Percentage Decline = \( \frac{19}{249} \times 100% \approx 7.63% \).
March:
Sales in March = 236 lakhs.
Sales in February (previous month) = 279 lakhs.
Decline = \( 279 - 236 = 43 \) lakhs.
Percentage Decline = \( \frac{43}{279} \times 100% \approx 15.41% \).
December:
Sales in December = 221 lakhs.
Sales in November (previous month) = 228 lakhs.
Decline = \( 228 - 221 = 7 \) lakhs.
Percentage Decline = \( \frac{7}{228} \times 100% \approx 3.07% \).
Comparing the percentage declines: October (\( \approx 22.92% \)), June (\( \approx 7.63% \)), March (\( \approx 15.41% \)), and December (\( \approx 3.07% \)). The highest percentage decline occurred in October.
Step 4: Final Answer:
October had the highest percentage decline in monthly sales as compared to the previous month for the Apparel category.
Quick Tip: When comparing percentage changes, be careful to use the correct base for each calculation. The base is always the value of the earlier period (the 'previous month' in this case).
For which categories the value of the products returned (as a percentage of sales) increased for three consecutive months?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
We need to examine the "Value of products returned (as a percentage of sales)" columns for each of the three categories and find if there is any instance where the percentage increases for three months in a row.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Scan each category's return percentage data month by month, looking for a sequence of the form \( P_{month\ N} < P_{month\ N+1} < P_{month\ N+2} \).
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's check each category:
Apparel Return %: 13, 16, 20, 16, 12, 19, 17, 16, 10, 15, 14, 18.
The sequence increases from Jan to March (13% to 16% to 20%), which is a two-month increase, not three. No other sequence shows three consecutive increases.
Footwear Return %: 7, 9, 7, 8, 6, 5, 9, 6, 9, 8, 9, 10.
Let's check the sequence from October to December:
October: 8%
November: 9% (Increase from October)
December: 10% (Increase from November)
This is an increase for three consecutive months (from the value in September to October is a decrease, but the question asks for the value *increasing* for three months. So, we look at the values themselves: 8 < 9 < 10. This trend occurs over the period Oct-Nov-Dec).
Electronics Return %: 2, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 4, 1.
There is no sequence of three consecutive increases in this category. For example, 1% -> 4% (Apr-May) is followed by 4% -> 3% (May-Jun).
Only the Footwear category shows an increase in the return percentage for three consecutive months (October, November, December).
Step 4: Final Answer:
The value of products returned (as a percentage of sales) increased for three consecutive months for Only Footwear.
Quick Tip: Read the question carefully. "Increased for three consecutive months" means you are looking for four data points \(P_1, P_2, P_3, P_4\) such that \(P_1 < P_2 < P_3 < P_4\). The increase from \(P_1\) to \(P_2\) is the first, \(P_2\) to \(P_3\) is the second, and \(P_3\) to \(P_4\) is the third. Here the question seems to be interpreted as finding a sequence of three months where the value itself is strictly increasing.
Among the following four months, for which month the contribution of the Apparel category in the total monthly sales was the highest?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the month where Apparel sales constituted the largest percentage of the total sales for that month. We need to calculate this percentage for each of the four given months.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Contribution % = \( \frac{Apparel Sales}{Total Sales (Apparel + Footwear + Electronics)} \times 100% \).
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
We need to calculate the total sales for each specified month and then find the contribution of Apparel sales.
January:
Apparel Sales = 262.
Total Sales = 262 (Apparel) + 104 (Footwear) + 289 (Electronics) = 655 lakhs.
Contribution = \( \frac{262}{655} \times 100% \approx 40.00% \).
April:
Apparel Sales = 258.
Total Sales = 258 (Apparel) + 58 (Footwear) + 325 (Electronics) = 641 lakhs.
Contribution = \( \frac{258}{641} \times 100% \approx 40.25% \).
August:
Apparel Sales = 252.
Total Sales = 252 (Apparel) + 60 (Footwear) + 336 (Electronics) = 648 lakhs.
Contribution = \( \frac{252}{648} \times 100% \approx 38.89% \).
December:
Apparel Sales = 221.
Total Sales = 221 (Apparel) + 86 (Footwear) + 268 (Electronics) = 575 lakhs.
Contribution = \( \frac{221}{575} \times 100% \approx 38.43% \).
Comparing the contribution percentages:
January: \( \approx 40.00% \)
April: \( \approx 40.25% \)
August: \( \approx 38.89% \)
December: \( \approx 38.43% \)
The highest contribution was in April.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The contribution of the Apparel category to the total monthly sales was the highest in April.
Quick Tip: When comparing fractions like \(a/b\), \(c/d\), etc., you don't always need to calculate the exact percentage. You can use approximation or cross-multiplication. For instance, to compare Jan (262/655) and April (258/641), you can estimate \(262/655 \approx 260/650 \approx 40%\) and \(258/641 \approx 256/640 = 40%\). Since the approximations are close, a precise calculation is necessary here.
The writer's conclusion is that information available on social media is linked to
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks to identify the primary factor that, according to the writer, influences the information presented on social media.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The passage begins by stating, "Meta is recalibrating content on its social media platforms as the political tide has turned in Washington..." This directly links the changes in content policy to the political climate.
It further mentions that Meta's algorithm will now "play up politics because it is the flavour of the season," and discusses the possibility of "Republicans pull[ing] US-owned social media companies further to the right."
These statements collectively support the conclusion that the information and content moderation policies on social media are heavily influenced by the political parties or governments currently in power. The other options are either contradicted or not supported by the text. The passage argues that content moderation, not free speech, is the key adaptation mechanism.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The writer's conclusion is that information available on social media is linked to the policies of the governments in power.
Quick Tip: In reading comprehension, the opening and closing sentences of a passage often contain the main idea or conclusion. The first sentence here immediately connects social media content to the "political tide."
The writer argues that social media
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks to identify a specific argument the writer makes about the role and status of social media.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The passage states, "Social media now has enough control over all other forms of media to broaden its reach. It is the connective tissue for mass consumption of entertainment...".
This phrasing, particularly "connective tissue for mass consumption of entertainment," strongly suggests that social media has become a central and preferred channel for accessing entertainment.
Option (1) is incorrect as the passage says Meta is "recalibrating," which is a form of adaptation.
Option (2) is incorrect as the passage discusses lawmakers and protections against misinformation.
Option (4) is incorrect as the central theme is the struggle with content moderation, not the freedom to publish anything.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The writer argues that social media has become the preferred way to access entertainment.
Quick Tip: Look for strong, descriptive phrases in the passage. "Connective tissue for mass consumption" is a powerful metaphor that directly supports the idea of social media being a primary gateway to entertainment.
Technologies are enabling social media to
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks about the role of technology in shaping the capabilities of social media, according to the passage.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The passage states, "Technologies are shaping up to drive this advantage further through synthetic content targeted precisely at its intended audience."
The "advantage" mentioned refers to social media's control and reach. By using technology to create and target synthetic content, social media platforms can more effectively persuade and influence their users. This directly corresponds to enlarging their "sphere of influence and persuasion."
The other options do not accurately reflect this statement. Technology is not just about accepting trends (1) or understanding limitations (4), but actively using tools to expand its power.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Technologies are enabling social media to enlarge its sphere of influence and persuasion.
Quick Tip: Pay attention to cause-and-effect language. The phrase "drive this advantage further" clearly indicates that technology is a tool for expansion and strengthening of existing power.
The writer implies that
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for an inference based on the writer's statements about user behavior in response to changes in social media.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The passage makes a specific point in the third paragraph: "...unfiltered content can push users away from social media towards legacy forms that have better moderation systems in place."
This statement directly implies that users might leave social media in favor of "legacy forms" (older forms of media) precisely because those older forms have better "controls" (moderation systems). This perfectly matches option (1).
The other options are contradicted by the text. Option (2) is contradicted by the statement above. The passage does not support options (3) or (4).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The writer implies that older forms of media will regain users because of their controls.
Quick Tip: For "implication" questions, look for sentences that present a potential consequence or reaction. The "push users away from... towards..." structure is a strong indicator of the writer's implied prediction.
The inherent downside associated with social media is that it
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify a fundamental, built-in negative aspect of social media as described by the author.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
At the end of the first paragraph, the author describes the "nature of the social media beast," stating it is "designed to amplify bias."
Bias is a synonym for prejudice. Therefore, the statement that social media is designed to amplify bias is equivalent to saying its inherent nature is to create and spread prejudice. This makes option (2) the correct answer.
Option (1) is the opposite of what the passage states. Option (3) is not discussed in the passage. Option (4) is also argued against, as the author emphasizes the need for content moderation over absolute free speech.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The inherent downside associated with social media is that it creates and spreads much innate and acquired prejudice.
Quick Tip: Look for definitive statements about the "nature" or "design" of the subject. When the author says social media is "designed to amplify bias," it's a strong clue about what they see as an inherent, fundamental characteristic.
Social media has succeeded in
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks to identify an area where, according to the passage, social media has been successful.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The second paragraph states, "Social media now has enough control over all other forms of media to broaden its reach. It is the connective tissue for mass consumption of entertainment, and alternative platforms are reworking their engagement with social media."
This indicates that social media has achieved a dominant position, effectively controlling or influencing other media platforms that now must rework their strategies based on social media's engagement models. This directly supports option (4).
Option (1) is incorrect, as the passage states Meta is firing fact-checkers. Option (2) is incorrect as it is embracing technology. Option (3) is incorrect because being the "connective tissue" implies interdependence, not independence.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Social media has succeeded in controlling other media that depend on it.
Quick Tip: Questions about "success" or "achievements" can be answered by looking for words that denote power, control, or a central role. Phrases like "has enough control over all other forms" and "connective tissue" are clear indicators of success in this context.
Why are consumers unhappy with commodities that they have just bought?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for the reason behind consumer dissatisfaction with their purchases, according to Baudrillard's argument in the passage.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The third paragraph explicitly addresses this: "However, consumption does not usually lead to happiness. While consumers should ideally be blaming their heightened expectations for their lack of happiness, they blame the commodity instead." This directly states that the cause of unhappiness is their "heightened expectations," which is synonymous with "exaggerated expectations."
Step 3: Final Answer:
Consumers are unhappy with commodities they have just bought because they have exaggerated expectations of commodities.
Quick Tip: When a question asks "why," scan the text for causal words and phrases like "because," "as a result," "due to," or sentences that explain a cause-and-effect relationship, as seen in the passage.
Which of the following is an argument made by Baudrillard?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires identifying a central argument of Baudrillard's theory as presented in the text.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The fourth paragraph contains a key argument: "Baudrillard argues that consumers have replaced 'real' happiness with 'signs' of happiness." This directly supports option (2), which states that consumers value signs more than the real. The "signs" are the commodities they buy, which they believe will bring happiness, but the "real" happiness never arrives.
Option (1) misinterprets the passage; Baudrillard argues consumers *experience* consumption as magical, not that it *is* magical. Option (3) is an interpretation of the cargo myth's origin but not Baudrillard's central argument about modern consumption. Option (4) is a contributing factor, but the core argument is the replacement of the real with signs.
Step 3: Final Answer:
An argument made by Baudrillard is that consumers value signs more than the real.
Quick Tip: Look for sentences where the author explicitly attributes an argument to the subject, such as "Baudrillard argues that..." These phrases directly point to the core ideas being presented.
How can consumption be made more satisfying?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for the implied solution to the problem of unsatisfying consumption, based on Baudrillard's critique.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The final paragraph highlights the core problem: "commodities appear to be distanced from the social processes which lead to their production. In effect, objects of consumption are divorced from the reality which produces them." The dissatisfaction arises because consumption is seen as a "miracle," disconnected from the reality of work and production. The logical solution, therefore, is to bridge this gap. If the problem is the divorce between consumption and production, the solution is to understand their connection. This makes option (2) the most logical answer derived from the text.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Consumption can be made more satisfying by understanding the connection between production and consumption.
Quick Tip: For "how-to" or "solution" questions, first identify the problem as described in the text. The solution is often the direct opposite or remedy of the stated problem. Problem: a "divorce" between production and consumption. Solution: reuniting them through understanding.
How does Baudrillard engage with the cargo myth?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks about the purpose of introducing the "cargo myth" in Baudrillard's analysis.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The second paragraph ends with a crucial sentence: "Baudrillard believes that the cargo myth holds an important analogy for the ways in which consumers engage with objects of consumption." The word "analogy" is a key indicator. An analogy is a comparison or metaphor used to explain or illustrate a point. The passage then explains how modern consumers, like the Melanesians, set up "sham objects" (signs) and wait for a "miracle" (happiness). Therefore, Baudrillard uses the myth as a metaphorical framework to understand and critique modern consumer behavior.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Baudrillard engages with the cargo myth by using it as a metaphor to critique modern consumption.
Quick Tip: Pay close attention to words that signal relationships between ideas, such as "analogy," "metaphor," "for instance," and "in contrast." These words often reveal the author's or subject's argumentative strategy.
What is Baudrillard's position on total happiness?
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Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify Baudrillard's view on the attainment of "total happiness" through consumption.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The fourth paragraph provides a direct answer. It describes how consumers blame the commodity for their unhappiness and feel they should have waited for the next version. The paragraph concludes, "This results in the endless deferment of the arrival of total happiness." "Endless deferment" is synonymous with being "perpetually delayed."
Option (1) is incorrect because while consumers wait, happiness does not actually arrive. The other options are not supported by the text.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Baudrillard's position on total happiness is that it is perpetually delayed.
Quick Tip: Look for summary statements at the end of paragraphs. These often encapsulate the main point of the preceding sentences. The final sentence of the fourth paragraph directly summarizes the outcome of the consumer cycle.
What is Baudrillard's position on consumption?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for Baudrillard's overall characterization of modern consumption based on the passage.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The entire passage describes consumption as a process based on a "magical" belief system, similar to the "cargo myth." Consumers engage with "sham objects" and wait for happiness "to alight." They view commodities as "miracles," divorced from the reality of their production. A process based on magic, miracles, and a fundamental misunderstanding of reality is, by definition, an irrational process. It is not based on logic or reason. The passage clearly shows consumption is not positive (it leads to unhappiness), not egalitarian (the myth starts from inequality), and not utilitarian (it's about signs, not utility).
Step 3: Final Answer:
Baudrillard's position on consumption is that it is an irrational process.
Quick Tip: Synthesize the overall tone and argument of the passage. The repeated use of words like "myth," "magical," and "miracle" to describe modern consumer behavior points towards a critique of its rationality.
There are so many instances of one or more deer crossing the road, or just standing in the middle of the road, or else _____________________; it is like the deer cannot hear the noise of the engines or see the headlights.
We hope that the government's new policies will _____________________ a period of economic growth.
When she inherited some jewellery from a distant relative, she had no idea of its worth and decided _____________________.
The labourers who were fired broke into the office building and destroyed some of the machinery. Rather than finding a solution to their problems, they _____________________.
Without a doubt, the widespread use of renewable energy is a key solution to climate change. However, it is not a _____________________ as efforts in conservation are equally crucial.
Everyone wondered how the travel vlogger could go around the world all through the year and _____________________.
Deepak is an unpleasant person, but we all _____________________ because his sister is a close friend of ours.
Although the new policy aims to increase efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing employee satisfaction, some employees feel that the changes are too abrupt and poorly communicated.
Thank goodness, the damage to the car was neglectful.
Among scientists, the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA and the genetic code it incorporates is widely regarded to be one of the most significant scientific discovery of the twentieth century.
When I had to leave town due to office work, I had my brother to give food to my dog twice a day.
If the President knew that his allies would let him down so suddenly, he would have handled them with the greatest care.
On the first day of January 2025, the Indian Meteorological Department [IMD] announced that 2024 was the hottest year on record. A study by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water shows that nearly eight out of ten Indians live in districts that are at risk of either a flood, a cyclone, or a drought. Nearly twenty three States in India are heatwave-prone. In the summer of 2024, India recorded more than 44,000 cases of heatstroke and over 300 heat-related mortalities, as per the bulletin of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Water reservoirs and the energy demand that keeps India powered are impacted too. During a ten-day long heatwave in Delhi, peak power demand was 16% higher than the previous year.
As globalization held sway over the world, communities, which used to live in relative isolation, sought access to the wider world, and in the process, they parted with their own language and adopted a new lingua franca. The loss of language, however, does not merely mean the loss of a mode of communication or the loss of a few thousand words. _____________________. So, when a language dies, a way of thinking dies with it.
An island in Japan boasts of numerous dairy farms that own nearly one million cows, and supplies 70% of the milk sold in the country. These dairy farms have now begun to use cow manure to produce hydrogen. The methane from cow manure mingles with steam in a high temperature environment to produce hydrogen, which is used to electrify the local zoo. _____________________.
A report published in Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology has called for an overhaul of our understanding of obesity. An over-reliance on using Body Mass Index [BMI] as a metric has the peculiar effect of leading to both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of the condition. _____________________. BMI does not give accurate information about how fat is distributed in an individual's body. It frequently fails to capture the true state of health of an individual. A person's BMI may indicate they are "obese", but their organs and bodily functions may be absolutely normal. Every individual is a unique constellation - not only of genes and other biological variables, but also socio-economic conditions and habits.
Since chronic stress can _____________________ the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illness and _____________________ their overall well-being, healthcare practitioners often recommend mindfulness practices and proper sleep to _____________________ these negative effects.
Astronauts who stayed for an _____________________ period of time at the International Space Station displayed a remarkable level of _____________________ endurance and mental _____________________.
Psychologists urge users to remember that social media rarely reflects the full complexity of real life. Influencers often _____________________ a carefully curated online persona, which can _____________________ unrealistic standards and occasionally _____________________ negative self-comparisons amongst their followers.
Art can be _____________________ because it encourages individuals to express their emotions through a creative outlet, allowing them to process complex feelings, reduce stress, and _____________________ self-awareness.
The notion of personhood is _____________________ on something more than a particular type of genetic material within human beings: it arises only with the larger-scale structural _____________________ of that material, which permits capacities like _____________________ thought and moral agency.
While Curcumin, which is an _____________________ found in turmeric helps to reduce _____________________, extremely high doses of it can _____________________ headache and nausea.
In the context of the conversation, "dynamism" most closely refers to
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for the definition of "dynamism" as it is used in the conversation.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Chris Bradley explicitly defines "dynamism" in the conversation. He says, "...another dimension or axis too, which is dynamism. That is measured by a new metric we've come up with called the 'shuffle rate.' How much does the bottom move to the top? It turns out that in this set of wizard-ish industries, or arenas, the shuffle rate is much higher than it is in the traditional industry." The "shuffle rate," described as measuring how much "the bottom move to the top," is a measure of churn and change in market leadership. This directly corresponds to "rapid and frequent changes in leadership and market position within an industry." Options 1, 2, and 4 describe the opposite of dynamism.
Step 3: Final Answer:
In the context of the conversation, "dynamism" most closely refers to the rapid and frequent changes in leadership and market position within an industry.
Quick Tip: When a term is introduced in a text, look for an immediate definition or an example that clarifies its meaning. Here, "dynamism" is directly explained by the concept of the "shuffle rate."
In the context of the conversation, the term "arenas of competition" refers to
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the meaning of the phrase "arenas of competition" based on the transcript.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In the third paragraph, Chris Bradley says, "And this new batch of companies comes from these new arenas or competitive sectors." By using "or," he equates "arenas" with "competitive sectors." A sector is a broad category of industry. This aligns perfectly with option (2). The entire conversation is about different types of industries (oil and gas, retail, etc.), not specific companies (4), physical locations (3), or regulations (1).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The term "arenas of competition" refers to broad categories of industries where companies engage in competitive activities.
Quick Tip: Pay attention to synonyms and rephrasing within a text. When a speaker says "X or Y," they are often using Y to clarify the meaning of X. Here, "arenas" is clarified by "competitive sectors."
"Muggles" refers to industries that
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for the definition of "muggles" as used in the conversation to describe certain industries.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Chris Bradley defines "muggles" in the fourth paragraph: "...while the rest, the muggles (even though they run the world, finance the world, and energize the world), play by a more traditional set of economic rules." This is a direct definition that matches option (1). Options (2), (3), and (4) are descriptions of the "wizard" industries, which are contrasted with the muggles.
Step 3: Final Answer:
"Muggles" refers to industries that operate under traditional economic principles.
Quick Tip: In texts that use metaphors or nicknames (like wizards vs. muggles), the definitions are almost always provided immediately after the terms are introduced. Locate the term in the text to find its meaning.
Which one of the following does "shuffle rate" not measure?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify what the "shuffle rate" metric does NOT measure, based on its description in the transcript.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Chris Bradley describes the "shuffle rate" as a measure of dynamism, answering the question, "How much does the bottom move to the top?". This definition directly implies that the shuffle rate measures change, movement, and churn.
(1) Volatility of market leadership: This is what "bottom move to the top" describes. So, shuffle rate *does* measure this.
(3) Relative change within an industry: This is another way of describing the same concept. Shuffle rate *does* measure this.
(4) Churn within the arena of competition: "Churn" is a synonym for this kind of movement. Shuffle rate *does* measure this.
(2) Overall profitability of traditional industries: Profitability is discussed as a separate characteristic. Chris Bradley says, "So, where are we seeing the most profit? ... The economic profit... is in the wizard industries." He presents dynamism (measured by shuffle rate) and profitability as two different dimensions. Therefore, shuffle rate is not a direct measure of profitability.
Step 3: Final Answer:
"Shuffle rate" does not measure the overall profitability of traditional industries.
Quick Tip: For "what is NOT" questions, use the process of elimination. Verify which options are supported by the text. The one that is not mentioned or is presented as a separate concept is the correct answer.
Which of the following best and correctly summarizes the main idea of the conversation?
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires summarizing the central argument of the entire conversation.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The conversation introduces a distinction between two types of industries: traditional "muggles" and new "wizards." It then details how the "wizards" are outperforming the "muggles" in key areas. They are characterized by "growth" (hogging 45% of market cap growth), "dynamism" (high shuffle rate), and higher "economic profit." Option (1) perfectly encapsulates this main idea.
Options (2) and (3) are directly contradicted by the text, which states that wizards are growing faster and are more profitable. Option (4) is a misinterpretation; the terms are a metaphor for economic principles, not literal magic.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The best summary is: Newer, dynamic industries, termed "wizards," are experiencing significantly greater growth and profit compared to traditional industries.
Quick Tip: A good summary should capture the core contrast or argument of the text. Here, the central theme is the comparison between "wizard" and "muggle" industries and the superior performance of the former.
"Wizard" industries are characterized by
View Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the characteristics of "wizard" industries based on the transcript.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In the last paragraph, Chris Bradley provides a clear summary of the characteristics of wizard industries: "The economic profit... is in the wizard industries. It's where R\&D happens; they're two times more R\&D intensive. They're big stars, the nebulae, where new business is born." This statement directly supports option (2), as it highlights both "economic profit" and high "research and development" (R\&D) spending.
Option (1) describes "muggles." Option (3) is the opposite of what is stated ("two times more R\&D intensive"). Option (4) is also the opposite of what is stated (wizards "hog 45 percent of the growth in market cap").
Step 3: Final Answer:
"Wizard" industries are characterized by a higher concentration of economic profit and research and development.
Quick Tip: To answer questions about the characteristics of a specific concept, collect all the descriptive phrases and facts associated with that concept throughout the text. Then, match this collection of details with the given options.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
In drought conditions, water often depletes in the topsoil and remains accessible only in the deeper subsoil layers.
A new study gives new insights into how the acid changes root growth angles to enable plants to reach out deeper subsoils in search of water.
Plants rely on their root systems, the primary organs for interacting with soil, to actively seek water.
Abscisic acid plays an important role in helping plants adapt to these challenging conditions.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
Among its major urban centres, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro stand out as prime examples of this architectural prowess, revealing large public structures, residential areas, and sophisticated water management systems indicative of a complex societal structure.
Showing remarkable sophistication for its time, this ancient culture developed meticulously planned cities, complete with advanced sanitation systems and intricate grid layouts that underscore their profound understanding of urban design and engineering.
Economically, the civilization thrived on a foundation of extensive trade networks, connecting them with distant lands, alongside a robust agricultural system that sustained their large populations and facilitated surplus production.
Despite its impressive achievements and longevity, the reasons behind the eventual decline of this remarkable civilization remain largely enigmatic, prompting ongoing research and speculation among historians and archaeologists.
The Indus Valley Civilization, flourishing in the Bronze Age, represents one of humanity's earliest urban societies, evidenced by archaeological discoveries dating back thousands of years.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
Seven of the ten worst affected countries (including India) are low- and middle-income countries.
Between 1993 and 2022, India was the sixth worst-affected country in terms of fatalities and damage sustained from extreme weather events wrought by the climate crisis.
High income nations, whose economies are founded in industrial era use of fossil fuels, meanwhile, insist that growing economies, especially India and China, shoulder greater responsibility.
This reinforces the developing world's contention that it has had to bear a disproportionate burden of climate afflictions despite having contributed little to the crisis.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
Using the wonders of Artificial Intelligence (AI), they quickly improved upon those skills to become far more dexterous.
Inside a robotics laboratory of the Toyota Research Institute, a group of robots is busy cooking. There is nothing special about that; robotic chefs have been around for a while.
Despite their extraordinary culinary capabilities, these robots are not destined for a career in catering.
But these robots are more proficient than most: flipping pancakes, slicing vegetables, and making pizzas with ease.
The difference is that instead of being laboriously programmed to carry out their tasks, the Toyota robots have been taught only a basic set of skills.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
When we take time to notice these moments, we discover hidden beauty that sparks our creative thoughts because creativity isn't just about rare, amazing events—it's also about finding the special in the ordinary.
Creativity is often seen as the ability to look at the world in a new way—to turn everyday sights, sounds, and experiences into art or ideas.
In fact, inspiration can come from small details of daily life: the gentle warmth of morning sunlight on a kitchen counter, the steady sound of traffic outside, or the brief smile of a stranger on a busy street.
Many people wrongly think that true creativity only comes from big ideas or exciting adventures.
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