AP PGECET Question Paper 2025 (Available): Download Mechanical Engineering Question Paper with Solution PDF

A particle moving in a circular path with constant speed has:

• (1) No acceleration
• (2) Centripetal acceleration
• (3) Zero net force
• (4) Constant angular momentum

For plane stress, Mohr’s circle has:

• (1) Radius equal to maximum normal stress
• (2) Radius equal to maximum shear stress
• (3) Centre at origin
• (4) No radius

A purchasing assistant has calculated the carrying cost in Rupees Per unit annum, and the EOQ = 500 units for an item. He must have taken that the annual ordering cost for this item:

• (1) Rs. 500
• (2) Rs. 100
• (3) Rs. 31.62
• (4) Rs. 22.36

Euler’s theory applies to:

• (1) Long columns with lateral loads
• (2) Short columns
• (3) Long, slender columns under axial compression
• (4) Beams under bending

Critical damping is a function of

• (1) Mass and stiffness
• (2) Mass and damping co-efficient
• (3) Stiffness and natural frequency
• (4) Natural frequency and damping co-efficient

In a simple gear train, the velocity ratio depends on:

• (1) Shaft distance
• (2) Number of teeth on gears
• (3) Module
• (4) Pressure angle

A stone of mass ‘m’ at the end of a string of length ‘l’ is whirled in a vertical position at a constant speed. The tension in the string will be minimum when the stone is at the

• (1) Bottom of the circle
• (2) Half-down from the top
• (3) Quarter way down from the top
• (4) Top of the circle

Critical speed of shaft corresponds to:

• (1) Zero angular velocity
• (2) Natural frequency of lateral vibration
• (3) Highest rpm
• (4) No damping

Whirling speed of a shaft coincide with the natural frequency of the:

• (1) Longitudinal vibration
• (2) Transverse vibration
• (3) Torsional vibration
• (4) Coupled between torsional vibration

The range of projectile is maximum when the angle of projection is:

• (1) 45\(^\circ\)
• (2) 30\(^\circ\)
• (3) 60\(^\circ\)
• (4) 90\(^\circ\)

Pressure in a static fluid:

• (1) Varies with horizontal distance
• (2) Varies with depth
• (3) Is constant
• (4) Is maximum at the surface

What is the nature of distribution of shear stress in a rectangular beam?

• (1) Linear
• (2) Parabolic
• (3) Hyperbolic
• (4) Elliptical

In laminar pipe flow, head loss varies with:

• (1) Velocity
• (2) Velocity squared
• (3) Pressure
• (4) Temperature

In gears, interference takes place when:

• (1) Tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
• (2) Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
• (3) Pitch of the gear is not same
• (4) Gear teeth are undercut

In hot working:

• (1) Annealing operation is not necessary
• (2) Power requirements are low
• (3) Surface finish is good
• (4) Grain refinement is possible

Nusselt number is the ratio of:

• (1) Inertial to viscous forces
• (2) Convective to conductive heat transfer
• (3) Convective to radiative heat transfer
• (4) Viscous to inertial forces

Rankine's theory of failure is applicable for which of the following type of materials?

• (1) Brittle
• (2) Ductile
• (3) Elastic
• (4) Plastic

The elastic region in a stress-strain diagram corresponds to:

• (1) Plastic deformation
• (2) Reversible deformation
• (3) Necking
• (4) Fracture

IS specifies which of the following total number of grades of tolerances?

• (1) 18
• (2) 16
• (3) 20
• (4) 22

Second law introduces the concept of:

• (1) Heat
• (2) Energy
• (3) Entropy
• (4) Volume

From a metallic wall at 100\(^\circ\)C, a metallic rod protrudes to the ambient air. The temperature at the tip will be minimum when the rod is made of:

• (1) Aluminium
• (2) Steel
• (3) Copper
• (4) Silver

The elastic constants, modulus of rigidity ‘K’ and modulus of elasticity ‘E’ are related through Poisson’s ratio ‘\(\mu\)’ as:

• (1) \( \frac{E}{3(1 - 2\mu)} \)
• (2) \( E(1 - 2\mu) \)
• (3) \( 3E(1 - 2\mu) \)
• (4) \( \frac{E}{3(1 + 2\mu)} \)

Availability is:

• (1) Work lost due to friction
• (2) Maximum useful work
• (3) Heat available from system
• (4) Energy in environment

If two bodies one light and other heavy have equal kinetic energies, which one has a greater momentum?

• (1) Heavy body
• (2) Light body
• (3) Both have equal momentum
• (4) It depends on the actual velocities

Which dimensionless number represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces in forced convection?

• (1) Nusselt number
• (2) Reynolds number
• (3) Grashof number
• (4) Rayleigh number

A flexible manufacturing system may be:

• (1) An automated assembly line
• (2) Expensive to alter
• (3) Very difficult to change when new products are introduced
• (4) Flexibility in design of product

Control volume refers to a:

• (1) Specified mass
• (2) Fixed region in the space
• (3) Closed system
• (4) Specific Volume

Rankine cycle is used in:

• (1) Gas turbines
• (2) Steam power plants
• (3) Refrigerators
• (4) Automobiles

Highest thermal conductivity is of

• (1) Solid ice
• (2) Melting ice
• (3) Water
• (4) Steam

The ratio of applied load to instantaneous cross section area is called

• (1) Engineering stress
• (2) True stress
• (3) Engineering strain
• (4) True strain

Brayton cycle is used in:

• (1) Steam engines
• (2) Diesel engines
• (3) Gas turbines
• (4) Heat pumps

The condition for maximum power transmission by an open belt drive considering centrifugal tension is:

(T = max. tension, \( T_C \) = centrifugal tension)

• (1) \( T = 2T_C \)
• (2) \( T = 4T_C \)
• (3) \( T = 3T_C \)
• (4) \( T = 3T_C^2 \)

Investment casting uses pattern made of:

• (1) Wax
• (2) Clay
• (3) Metal
• (4) Wood

Which property of mercury is the main reason for its use in barometers?

• (1) High density
• (2) Capillary effect is negligible
• (3) Very low vapour pressure
• (4) Low compressibility

Compression ratio of diesel cycle is:

• (1) Lower than Otto
• (2) Equal to Otto
• (3) Higher than Otto
• (4) Depends on fuel

Kelvin-Planck's law deals with:

• (1) Conversion of work into heat
• (2) Conversion of heat into work
• (3) Conservation of work
• (4) Conservation of heat

Which one of the following is an open pair?

• (1) Ball and socket joint
• (2) Journal bearing
• (3) Lead screw and nut
• (4) Cam and follower

Shaft is subjected to which of the following stresses?

• (1) Bending
• (2) Torsional
• (3) Both Bending and Torsional
• (4) Tensile

Humidification increases:

• (1) Dry bulb temp
• (2) Moisture content of air
• (3) Air velocity
• (4) Pressure

The elastic strain energy stored in a rectangular cantilever beam of length \(L\), subjected to a bending moment \(M\) applied at the end of it is:

• (1) \(\dfrac{M^2 L}{2EI}\)
• (2) \(\dfrac{ML^2}{2AE}\)
• (3) \(\dfrac{ML^2}{3EI}\)
• (4) \(\dfrac{ML^2}{16EI}\)

A process in which no heat is transferred is called:

• (1) Isobaric
• (2) Adiabatic
• (3) Isothermal
• (4) Isochoric

The main component in soldering is:

• (1) Copper
• (2) Tin-lead alloy
• (3) Aluminium
• (4) Nickel

A refrigerator unit weighing 300 N is to be supported by three springs of stiffness of 10.26 kN/mm each. If the unit operates at 580 r.p.m., what should be the value of the spring constant \(k\) if only 10% of the shaking force of the unit is to be transmitted to the supporting structure?

• (1) 2.4 N/mm
• (2) 3.0 N/mm
• (3) 3.4 N/mm
• (4) 4 N/mm

The required diameter of the blank for the deep drawing of a cup of diameter \(d\) and height \(h\) is given by:

• (1) \(\sqrt{d^2 - 2dh}\)
• (2) \(\sqrt{d^2 + 2dh}\)
• (3) \(\sqrt{d^2 - 4dh}\)
• (4) \(\sqrt{d^2 + 4dh}\)

If the ratio of the diameter of rivet hole to the pitch of rivets is 0.30, then the tearing efficiency of the joint is:

• (1) 70%
• (2) 60%
• (3) 50%
• (4) 30%

In thin cylindrical pressure vessels, hoop stress is:

• (1) Equal to axial stress
• (2) Half of axial stress
• (3) Twice the axial stress
• (4) One-fourth axial stress

Cores are used to:

• (1) Make desired recess in castings
• (2) Strengthen moulding sand
• (3) Support loose pieces
• (4) Remove pattern easily

Austempering is the heat treatment process used to obtain:

• (1) Low hardness
• (2) High toughness
• (3) High hardness
• (4) High ductility

Natural frequency of undamped SDOF system is:

• (1) \(\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}\)
• (2) \(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}\)
• (3) \(\frac{k}{m}\)
• (4) \(\frac{m}{k}\)

Which of the following casting process uses an expendable pattern?

• (1) CO\(_2\) casting
• (2) Die casting
• (3) Centrifugal casting
• (4) Investment casting

In drawing operation, the metal flows due to:

• (1) Ductility
• (2) Work hardening
• (3) Plasticity
• (4) Shearing

The rake angle is a property of:

• (1) Tool wear
• (2) Tool geometry
• (3) Workpiece shape
• (4) Cutting fluid

A Mohr's circle reduces to a point when the body is subjected to:

• (1) Pure shear
• (2) Uniaxial stress only
• (3) Equal and opposite axial stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes, the planes being free of shear
• (4) Equal axial stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes, the planes being free of shear

In a throttling process, which one of the parameters remains constant?

• (1) Temperature
• (2) Pressure
• (3) Enthalpy
• (4) Entropy

Resonance occurs when:

• (1) Damping is high
• (2) Mass equals stiffness
• (3) Forcing frequency equals natural frequency
• (4) Displacement is zero

Brazing differs from soldering primarily in the following:

• (1) Type of base metal used
• (2) Temperature of the filler metal
• (3) Use of electricity
• (4) Type of shielding gas used

The addition of coal dust to the green moulding sand is to improve:

• (1) Permeability
• (2) Surface finish
• (3) Mouldability
• (4) Green strength

Seam welding used for metal sheets having thickness in the range:

• (1) 0.025 to 3 mm
• (2) 3 to 6 mm
• (3) 6 to 10 mm
• (4) More than 10 mm

Which of the following is a Taylor’s tool life equation, where V-cutting speed (m/min), T-tool life (min), n-exponent and C-constant?

• (1) \(TV^n = C\)
• (2) \(VT^n = C\)
• (3) \(VC^n = T\)
• (4) \(CV^n = T\)

CAD/CAM is hardware oriented, but gives it life.

• (1) Numerical control
• (2) Documentation
• (3) Software
• (4) Communications

EDM (Electric Discharge Machining) is suitable for:

• (1) Plastic parts
• (2) Hard conductive materials
• (3) Wooden molds
• (4) Composites

The continuity equation \[ \frac{du}{dx} + \frac{dv}{dy} + \frac{dw}{dz} = 0 \]
is valid only for:

• (1) Ideal fluid flow
• (2) Incompressible fluid
• (3) Steady flow and incompressible fluids
• (4) Steady flow and compressible fluids

In a planar truss, the number of members (m), joints (j), and reactions (r) are related by:

• (1) \(m + r = 2j\)
• (2) \(m + j = 2r\)
• (3) \(m + r = j\)
• (4) \(m + j = r\)

Quick return mechanism is an inversion of:

• (1) Four bar chain
• (2) Single slider crank chain
• (3) Double slider crank chain
• (4) Crossed slider crank chain

In wire drawing operation, the maximum reduction per pass for perfectly plastic material in ideal condition is:

• (1) 30 %
• (2) 45 %
• (3) 63 %
• (4) 50 %

In metal cutting operations, discontinuous chips are produced while machining:

• (1) Brittle material
• (2) Ductile material
• (3) Hard material
• (4) Soft material

Least count of a micrometer screw gauge is usually:

• (1) 0.1 mm
• (2) 0.01 mm
• (3) 0.001 mm
• (4) 1 mm

In an open system, both ............. and ............. can cross the boundary?

• (1) Heat and mass
• (2) Work and energy
• (3) Mass and energy
• (4) Pressure and volume

Reheating in Brayton cycle:

• (1) Decreases work output
• (2) Reduces temperature
• (3) Increases work output
• (4) Reduces efficiency

Strength of a material is its ability to resist:

• (1) Deformation due to stress
• (2) Fracture due to high load
• (3) External forces applied with yielding or break down
• (4) The flow

As the distance from the leading edge increases, the thermal boundary layer thickness:

• (1) Increases
• (2) Remains constant
• (3) Decreases
• (4) Becomes zero

Provision of fins on a given heat transfer surface will be more, if there are:

• (1) Fewer number of thick fins
• (2) Fewer number of thin fins
• (3) Large number of thin fins
• (4) Large number of thick fins

The primary mechanism of material removal in electrochemical machining (ECM) is:

• (1) Chemical corrosion
• (2) Ionic dissolution
• (3) Etching
• (4) Spark erosion

In the S-N curve, "N" represents :

• (1) Load cycles
• (2) Number of cycles to failure
• (3) Stress amplitude
• (4) Time to failure

The value of Poisson's ratio for any material cannot exceed:

• (1) 0.2
• (2) 1.0
• (3) 1.414
• (4) 0.5

Amount of external energy required to deform an elastic body is called:

• (1) Elastic energy
• (2) Plastic energy
• (3) Strain energy
• (4) Thermal energy

Balancing of a rigid rotor can be achieved by appropriately balancing masses in:

• (1) Single plane
• (2) Two planes
• (3) Three planes
• (4) Four planes

Forecasting in PPC helps in:

• (1) Inventory disposal
• (2) Machine maintenance
• (3) Planning future production needs
• (4) Waste disposal

Heat transfer takes place according to:

• (1) Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• (2) First law of thermodynamics
• (3) Second law of thermodynamics
• (4) Third law of thermodynamics

The locus of elevations that water will rise in a series of pitot tubes is called:

• (1) The hydraulic grade line
• (2) The energy grade line
• (3) The velocity head
• (4) The pressure head

Which material is commonly used for pattern making?

• (1) Cast iron
• (2) Wood
• (3) Bronze
• (4) Lead

The instantaneous centre of rotation of a rigid thin disc rolling on a plane rigid surface is located at:

• (1) Centre of the disc
• (2) An infinite distance on the plane surface
• (3) The point of contact
• (4) The point on the circumference situated vertically opposite to the contact point

The gears employed for connecting two non-intersecting and non-parallel, i.e., non-coplanar shafts are:

• (1) Bevel gears
• (2) Spiral gears
• (3) Helical gears
• (4) Mitre gears

Which of the machining processes uses the principle of Faraday’s law for material removal?

• (1) EDM
• (2) LBM
• (3) ECM
• (4) EBM

A master gauge is an:

• (1) New gauge
• (2) International reference standard
• (3) Standard gauge for checking accuracy of gauges used on shop floors
• (4) Gauge used by experienced technicians

Gating system in casting controls:

• (1) Cooling rate only
• (2) Flow of molten metal
• (3) Pouring time
• (4) Mold expansion

For the two shafts connected in parallel, find which statement is true?

• (1) Torque in each shaft is the same
• (2) Shear stress in each shaft is the same
• (3) Angle of twist of each shaft is the same
• (4) Torsional stiffness of each shaft is the same

Which of the following metals shows a clear yield point?

• (1) Copper
• (2) Aluminium
• (3) Mild steel
• (4) Titanium

Cold working process can be applied on the components having diameter up to:

• (1) 12 mm
• (2) 25 mm
• (3) 49 mm
• (4) 50 mm

Thermal stress occurs when:

• (1) Temperature is uniform
• (2) Expansion is allowed
• (3) Expansion is restrained
• (4) There is no temperature change

In a vapour compression refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the following.

• (1) Condenser
• (2) Compressor
• (3) Expansion valve
• (4) Evaporator

Group technology brings together and organizes:

• (1) Parts and simulation analysis
• (2) Documentation and analysis
• (3) Automation and tool production
• (4) Common parts, problems, and tasks

Forging is typically done:

• (1) At room temperature
• (2) At elevated temperatures
• (3) In powder form
• (4) For non-metallic parts

With rise in gas temperature, dynamic viscosity of most of the gases:

• (1) Increases
• (2) Decreases
• (3) Does not change significantly
• (4) Remains constant

Conduction requires:

• (1) Temperature gradient
• (2) Fluid motion
• (3) Radiation
• (4) Vacuum

A system of masses rotating in different parallel planes is in dynamic balance if the resultant:

• (1) Force is equal to zero
• (2) Couple is equal to zero
• (3) Force and the resultant couple are both equal to zero
• (4) Force is numerically equal to the resultant couple, but neither of them need necessarily be zero

Ability of a material to retain the deformation permanently is called:

• (1) Stiffness
• (2) Ductility
• (3) Hardness
• (4) Plasticity

The creep in belt drive is due to the:

• (1) Material of the pulleys
• (2) Material of the belt
• (3) Unequal size of the pulleys
• (4) Unequal tension on tight side and slack sides of the belt

Spur gears have:

• (1) Helical teeth
• (2) Straight teeth
• (3) Bevel teeth
• (4) Spiral teeth

A flow in which each liquid particle has a definite path and their paths do not cross each other, is called:

• (1) Steady flow
• (2) Uniform flow
• (3) Streamline flow
• (4) Turbulent flow

Heat conduction through a wall follows:

• (1) Fourier's law
• (2) Newton's law
• (3) Stefan–Boltzmann law
• (4) Kirchhoff's law

If the efficiency of a belt drive is more than 50%, then it is called:

• (1) Self-locking
• (2) Over loading
• (3) Over-hauling
• (4) Over efficiency drive

Discontinuous chips are formed during machining of:

• (1) Cast iron
• (2) Mild steel
• (3) Aluminium
• (4) Stainless steel

Limits and fits ensure:

• (1) Aesthetic appeal
• (2) Proper function and interchangeability
• (3) Heat transfer
• (4) Colour coding

For maximum horizontal range, the angle of projection of a projectile should be:

• (1) 30°
• (2) 45°
• (3) 60°
• (4) 90°

Francis, Kaplan and propeller turbines fall under the category of:

• (1) Reaction turbines
• (2) Impulse turbines
• (3) Axial flow turbines
• (4) Mixed flow turbines

Bernoulli’s equation is applicable to:

• (1) Compressible viscous flows
• (2) All types of flow
• (3) Incompressible and inviscid flow
• (4) Steady turbulent flows

The area enclosed by a thermodynamic cycle on a p-v diagram represents:

• (1) Heat rejected
• (2) Net work done
• (3) Energy loss
• (4) Efficiency

In electrical resistance welding, pressure applied varies in the range:

• (1) 50 to 100 kgf/cm²
• (2) 100 to 200 kgf/cm²
• (3) 250 to 550 kgf/cm²
• (4) 600 to 900 kgf/cm²

Compared to the Otto cycle for the same compression ratio, the diesel cycle efficiency is:

• (1) Lower
• (2) Higher
• (3) Equal
• (4) Cannot be determined

Determine the value of \(\lambda\) and \(\mu\) for which such that the system of equations \(x + 2y + z = 6\), \(x + 4y + 3z = 10\), and \(2x + 4y + \lambda z = \mu\) has infinite number of solutions.

• (1) \(\lambda = 2, \mu \neq 12\)
• (2) \(\lambda = 2, \mu = 12\)
• (3) \(\lambda \neq 2, \mu = 12\)
• (4) for any \(\lambda\) and any \(\mu\)

If the matrix \(A = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & -1 & 1
-1 & 5 & -1
1 & -1 & 3 \end{pmatrix}\) has three distinct eigenvalues and one of its eigenvectors is \(\begin{pmatrix} 1
0
-1 \end{pmatrix}\), then which of the following can be another eigenvector of \(A\)?

• (1) \(\begin{pmatrix} -1
  0
  1 \end{pmatrix}\)
• (2) \(\begin{pmatrix} -1
  0
  2 \end{pmatrix}\)
• (3) \(\begin{pmatrix} 1
  1
  -1 \end{pmatrix}\)
• (4) \(\begin{pmatrix} 1
  -2
  1 \end{pmatrix}\)

If \(\vec{F} = x(x^2 + y^2 + z^2) \hat{i} + 2y(x^2 + y^2 + z^2) \hat{j} + 3z(x^2 + y^2 + z^2) \hat{k}\), then \( div \, \vec{F}\) at \((1, 1, 1)\) is equal to ...........

• (1) 12
• (2) 21
• (3) 30
• (4) 33

The value of the line integral \(\int_{C}(2xy^2 dx + 2x^2 y dy - \frac{1}{3} z dz)\) along a path joining the origin \((0,0,0)\) and the point \((1,1,1)\) is ...........

• (1) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
• (2) \(\frac{7}{6}\)
• (3) \(\frac{3}{2}\)
• (4) \(\frac{5}{6}\)

If \(y(x)\) satisfies the differential equation \(x \frac{dy}{dx} + (x - y) = 0\) subject to the condition \(y(1) = 0\), then \(y(e)\) is ...........

• (1) \(-e\)
• (2) \(-2e\)
• (3) \(e\)
• (4) \(2e\)

If the Laplace transform of a function \(f(t)\) is given by \(\frac{2s + 1}{(s+1)(s+2)}\), then \(f(0)\) is equal to ...........

• (1) 2
• (2) 4
• (3) -4
• (4) \(3e - 1\)

Let A, B be two events and \(\overline{A}\) be the complement of A. If \(P(\overline{A}) = 0.7\), \(P(B) = 0.7\) and \(P(B|A) = 0.5\), then \(P(A \cup B) = \) ...........

• (1) 0.65
• (2) 0.85
• (3) 0.75
• (4) 0.50

A machine produces 0, 1 or 2 defective items in a day with probabilities of \(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{4}\) respectively. Then, the standard deviation of the number of defective items produced by the machine in a day, is ...........

• (1) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
• (2) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
• (3) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
• (4) 1

Evaluation of the integral \(\int_{2}^{4} x^2 \, dx\) using the trapezoidal rule (with two equal segments) gives a value of ...........

• (1) 14.5
• (2) 22.5
• (3) 19.0
• (4) 18.6

Let \(f(x) = x^3 + 2x^2 + 3x - 1\). Newton-Raphson method is used to find the root of the equation \(f(x) = 0\). If the initial guess is \(x_0 = 1\), then the value of \(x\) after first iteration is ...........

• (1) 0.30
• (2) 0.36
• (3) 0.40
• (4) 0.50