Class 12 Physics, carrying 70 marks in theory in the CBSE board exam is a high scoring subject, but it comes with the maximum number of numerical questions.
- Most questions in units like Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Optics, and Modern Physics are directly formula-based.
- Approx 35-35% of the 70 marks theory paper are numericals, which required formula to solve the questions
- You can get around 15-20 marks of direct formula application based question in Class 12 Physics.
So to score well, you need to focus more on understanding and remembering the formula as well as the application of the formula in numericals.
As competitive exams like JEE Main and board exams are formula based so, having access to a structured Class 12 Physics Formula sheet is important for quick revision and error-free problem-solving.
This page provides chapter-wise Physics Formula Sheets, covering all important equations, constants, and standard results as per the latest CBSE syllabus.
Class 12 Physics : Chapter Wise Formula Table
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter 12: Atoms
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics
Class 12 Physics Basic Formulas
- Class 12 Physics Basic Formulas include important equations from Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics.
- These formulas help students solve numerical problems in board exams and understand core concepts easily.
- Learning and revising these basic formulas regularly is essential for scoring well in Class 12 Physics.
Electrostatics
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| Coulomb’s Law |
F = kq₁q₂ / r² |
| Electric Field |
E = F/q |
| Electric Potential |
V = W/q |
| Capacitance |
C = Q/V |
| Energy Stored in Capacitor |
U = ½CV² |
| Capacitors in Parallel |
C = C₁ + C₂ |
| Capacitors in Series |
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ |
Current Electricity
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| Ohm’s Law |
V = IR |
| Resistance |
R = ρL/A |
| Electric Power |
P = VI |
| Electrical Energy |
E = Pt |
| Drift Velocity |
v = I / (nqA) |
| EMF |
ε = V + Ir |
Magnetism & Moving Charges
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| Magnetic Force |
F = qvB sinθ |
| Force on Current |
F = BIL sinθ |
| Magnetic Field (Solenoid) |
B = μ₀ n I |
| Lorentz Force |
F = q(E + v × B) |
Electromagnetic Induction
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| Faraday’s Law |
ε = − dΦ/dt |
| Magnetic Flux |
Φ = BA cosθ |
| Inductance |
V = L (di/dt) |
Alternating Current
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| RMS Voltage |
V₍rms₎ = V₀/√2 |
| Reactance |
Xₗ = ωL, Xc = 1/ωC |
| Impedance |
Z = √(R² + (Xₗ − Xc)²) |
Ray Optics
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| Mirror Formula |
1/f = 1/v + 1/u |
| Lens Formula |
1/f = 1/v − 1/u |
| Magnification |
m = v/u |
| Snell’s Law |
n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂ |
Wave Optics
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| Wave Speed |
v = fλ |
| Young’s Double Slit |
β = λD/d |
Modern Physics
| Formula Name |
Formula |
| Photoelectric Equation |
E = hf − φ |
| De Broglie Wavelength |
λ = h/p |
| Radioactive Decay |
N = N₀ e^(−λt) |
| Energy Mass Relation |
E = mc² |
| Binding Energy |
Δm c² |
How to Use Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet Effectively?
- Revise formulas daily for 15–20 minutes to improve recall speed.
- Practice numerical questions immediately after revising formulas.
- Highlight frequently used formulas from high-weightage chapters like Optics and Electrostatics.
- Use formula sheets for quick revision one day before the board exam.
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