Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields will teach you the basic principles of electrostatics. Electric charge is the basic property of matter that causes it to experience a force when it is kept in an electric or a magnetic field. The chapter is included in the unit Electrostatics, which, together with Current Electricity, has a weightage of 17 marks in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Exam.

  • This Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 explains electric charges, Coulomb’s law, electric field, electric field lines, and Gauss’s law.
  • Many students find derivations and numerical problems difficult in this chapter.
  • The NCERT solution provides step-by-step explanations to help you understand every concept with confidence.
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Also Check: CBSE Class 12 Physics Question Paper with Solution (2026-2015): Download PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 1

The NCERT Solutions for class 12 physics chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields are as given below

Physics Chapter 1 NCERT Related Articles

We have provided some chapters and important articles of Physics Chapter 1 here for you to check.

Applications of Gauss’s Law Charging by Induction
Electric Dipole Dipole in a Uniform External Field
Maxwell’s Equations Kirchhoffs Laws
Cells, EMF and Internal Resistance Electrostatics
Unit of Electric Field Electric Charges
Conservation of Charge Electric flux
Electric field Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Physics Chapter 1 NCERT: Important Topics of Electric Charges and Fields

Some of the important topics of Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 are:

An electric charge refers to the property of subatomic particles that leads it to experience a force when they are placed in an electric and magnetic field. Electric Charges are of two types – like charges and unlike charges

  1. Like Charges repel each other.
  2. Unlike Charges attract each other.

An electric charge has 3 fundamental properties: quantization, additive nature, and conservation of electric charge.

  • Quantization – The total charge of a body denotes the integral multiple of a basic quantum of charge.
  • Additive – This property represents the total charge of a body as an algebraic sum of all the singular charges that act on the system.
  • Conservation – This property expressed that the total charge of a system is not affected with time. Charges can neither be created nor destroyed.
  • Coulomb’s law states that mutual electrostatic force that exists between two point charges A and B is directly proportional to their product, AB and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
  • Electric flux is the total number of electric field lines that pass through a given area in a unit of time.
  • The electric flux Δθ through an area element of ΔS can be denoted by
  • Conductors are the objects that assist in the movement of electric charge. Examples of Conductors – Human bodies, Earth, metal, etc.
  • Insulators offer resistance to the flow of electricity through them. Examples of Insulators – Nylon, Wood, Porcelain, etc.
  • Gauss's law states that the total amount of electric flux that passes through a closed surface is directly proportional to the enclosed electric charge. The Gauss law formula is expressed by-

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