The NCERT Physics textbooks are the official resources prescribed by the NCERT for senior secondary education. The books are designed to build a strong foundation in core concepts such as mechanics, electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics through clear explanations and logical progression.
- Physics is divided into two parts: Part 1 and Part 2.
- Part 1: Chapters from 1 to 8 are included in this part.
- Part 2: Chapters from 9 to 14 are included in this part
- The total number of units is 9, which includes 14 chapters. A chapter on Communication systems has been deleted.
- The content strictly follows the syllabus recommended for CBSE and other major boards, making it an essential resource for board exam preparation.
- NCERT Physics textbooks have a significant weightage of 70-80% and 60-70% in NEET and JEE Main exams, respectively.
Almost 100% of CBSE board exam questions are based on the NCERT concepts, examples, and exercises.
NCERT Class 12th Official PDF Download
The official PDF for class 12th Physics is available on the official NCERT website, ncert.nic.in. Candidates can download the official PDF of Class 12th Physics from the link given below:
| Subject | |
|---|---|
| Physics Part I | Download PDF |
| Physics Part II | Download PDF |
NCERT Class 12th Physics Chapter-Wise Solutions PDF
| Chapter Name | NCERT Solutions |
|---|---|
| Chapter 1 - Electric Charges and Fields | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 3 - Current Electricity | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 4 - Moving Charges and Magnetism | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 5 - Magnetism and Matter | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Induction | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 7 - Alternating Current | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 8 - Electromagnetic Waves | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 9 - Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 10 - Wave Optics | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 11 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 12 - Atoms | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 13 - Nuclei | Check Solutions |
| Chapter 14 - Semiconductor Electronics | Check Solutions |
Roadmap to cover the Class 12 Physics NCERT in ~3 Months
The roadmap to cover the complete class 12th Physics NCERTs in about 3 months is provided below. You can follow the order given below as the chapters are linked together, and the order will make your basics first.
- You have to read the NCERTs line-by-line and have to make your own short notes for quick revision.
- After each chapter, you can solve the exercise questions as well as the examples.
- After covering related chapters, you can revise them in a day and can attempt a sectional mock test to engrain all the concepts.
| Order | Chapter (NCERT Name) | Approx. Time (Days) | Why this order? | Priority Tips (NEET vs JEE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields | 5–7 days | Foundation of whole electrostatics & current. | Learn all vector forms, Gauss law derivation thoroughly (both exams) |
| 2 | Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | 6–8 days | Directly builds on Chapter 1. | Capacitors & energy stored are very important numericals (JEE heavy) |
| 3 | Chapter 3: Current Electricity | 7–9 days | Uses concepts from electrostatics. | Kirchhoff laws, Wheatstone, potentiometer (both) |
| 4 | Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism | 7–9 days | Builds on current & vectors. | Biot-Savart, Ampere, force on wire/particle- practice diagrams |
| 5 | Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter | 4–5 days | Somewhat independent after Chapter 4 | Focus on Earth magnetism, hysteresis (NEET) |
| 6 | Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction | 5–7 days | Depends on Chapter 4 & magnetism. | Faraday, Lenz, self/mutual inductance - derivations key |
| 7 | Chapter 7: Alternating Current | 5–7 days | Builds directly on Chapter 6. | Phasors, power, resonance-JEE numericals from here |
| 8 | Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves | 3–4 days | Mostly theoretical. | Displacement current, spectrum - quick read & memorize |
| 9 | Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | 7–9 days | Independent | Ray diagrams, lens/mirror formula, microscope/telescope-practice diagrams |
| 10 | Chapter 10: Wave Optics | 6–8 days | Builds on basic optics. | Interference, diffraction, polarization - YDSE numericals are important |
| 11 | Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter | 4–6 days | Mostly independent. | Photoelectric, de Broglie are formula-based (easy scorer) |
| 12 | Chapter 12: Atoms | 4–5 days | Builds on dual nature (ch 11) | Bohr model derivations & spectral series |
| 13 | Chapter 13: Nuclei | 4–6 days | Builds on atoms (ch 12). | Binding energy, radioactivity decay - numericals & graphs |
| 14 | Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics | 5–7 days | mostly independent. | Logic gates, diodes, transistors - direct questions in NEET |
NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter-Wise Weightage
The chapter-wise weightage helps students to focus on the important chapters based on their weightage in the actual exam.
- The focus should be on the high-weightage chapters as these are crucial for a good score, and you can’t skip them.
- You can skip certain chapters based on their weightage if you have a time crunch.
- Units such as EMI and AC, Optics, and Modern Physics are important as they account for around 40 marks in the CBSE class 12th Physics exam.
| Unit | Chapter | CBSE Weightage (Marks) | JEE Main Weightage | NEET Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrostatics | Electric Charges & Fields | 3–5 | 1 question | 1 question |
| Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance | 4–6 | 1 question | 1 question | |
| Current Electricity | Current Electricity | 6–8 | 1–2 questions | 1–2 questions |
| Magnetism | Moving Charges & Magnetism | 5–7 | 1 question | 1 question |
| Magnetism & Matter | 2–3 | rare / 0–1 | 0–1 question | |
| EMI & AC | Electromagnetic Induction | 5–7 | 1 question | 1 question |
| Alternating Current | 4–6 | 1 question | 1 question | |
| EM Waves | Electromagnetic Waves | 2–3 | rare | 0–1 question |
| Optics | Ray Optics & Optical Instruments | 10–12 | 1–2 questions | 2 questions |
| Wave Optics | 4–6 | 1 question | 1 question | |
| Modern Physics | Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter | 4–6 | 1 question | 1–2 questions |
| Atoms | 2–4 | 0–1 question | 1 question | |
| Nuclei | 3–5 | 1 question | 1 question | |
| Electronic Devices | Semiconductor Electronics | 5–7 | 1 question | 1 question |
NCERT Class 12 Physics Important Topics
The most important topics are derived from their weightage in the CBSE exams as well as other competitive exams such as JEE Main and NEET. Candidates can focus on the chapters or units given below if there is a time crunch:
Most important Units
- Current Electricity
- Ray Optics
- EMI & AC
- Modern Physics
- Semiconductors
These units alone cover around 45-55% (32-40 marks) of the CBSE Class 12th Physics paper.
Most Important Chapters
| Highest Priority Chapters | Easiest and High-Scoring Chapters |
|---|---|
| Current Electricity | Semiconductor |
| Ray Optics | Dual Nature |
| Electromagnetic Induction | Electromagnetic Waves |
| Alternating Current | Atoms |
| Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter | |
| Semiconductor | |
| Nuclei |
The highest priority chapters given above contribute to maximum marks in all the exams.
Most Important Topics
| Chapter | Important Topics | CBSE Focus | JEE Main / NEET Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electric Charges & Fields | Coulomb’s law, Electric field & field lines, Gauss law, Field due to sphere and sheet | Derivations, diagrams | Numericals, field calculation |
| Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance | Potential difference, Capacitance, Capacitor combinations, Parallel plate capacitor, Dielectrics, Energy stored | Derivations, formula-based questions | Numericals, capacitor circuits |
| Current Electricity | Ohm's law, Drift velocity, Kirchhoff laws, Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge, Potentiometer | Circuit derivations, numericals | Circuit solving, multi-loop problems |
| Moving Charges & Magnetism | Biot-Savart law, Ampere law, Force on moving charge, Force on current conductor, Motion in magnetic field, Cyclotron | Derivations, diagrams | Magnetic force numericals |
| Magnetism & Matter | Bar magnet properties, Magnetic field lines, Magnetic dipole moment, Earth magnetism | Theory questions | Basic conceptual questions |
| Electromagnetic Induction | Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Induced EMF, self-induction, Mutual induction | Derivations | Numerical problems |
| Alternating Current | RMS value, Reactance (XL, XC), Impedance, Phase difference, Resonance, Power factor | Derivations and numericals | AC circuit numericals |
| Electromagnetic Waves | Types of EM waves, Properties, Uses | Theory, short answers | Conceptual questions |
| Ray Optics & Optical Instruments | Mirror formula, Lens formula, Refraction, Total internal reflection, Ray diagrams, Optical instruments (microscope, telescope) | Derivations, ray diagrams | Lens/mirror numericals |
| Wave Optics | Young’s double slit experiment, Interference, Diffraction, Fringe width | Derivations, theory | Fringe width numericals |
| Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter | Photoelectric effect, Einstein's photoelectric equation, Work function | Theory and derivations | Direct formula numericals |
| Atoms | Bohr model, Energy levels, Hydrogen spectrum | Theory and derivations | Energy calculation numerics |
| Nuclei | Radioactivity, Half-life, Decay law, Binding energy | Theory, numericals | Decay numericals |
| Semiconductor Electronics | PN junction diode, Diode characteristics, Rectifier, Logic gates | Diagrams, theory | Logic gate questions |
Pro Tips to cover NCERT Class 12th Physics
The tips to cover the NCERT class 12th Physics are based on the toppers' advice and teacher’s guidance. Your daily study plan should include theory, numericals and the PYQs.
Tips to learn faster
- You have to study Physics daily
- Solve numericals along with theory
- You should revise the formulas every week
- Make a formula sheet to quickly revise formulas
- You must solve the Class 12th physics PYQs
How toppers study Physics
- Concept clarity should be the aim
- PYQs should be solved along with the NCERT reading
- Revision is the key
You have to focus on revising and practicing what you have studied, and not on increasing your resources.
Other Sources to cover Class 12 Physics
There are some other resources that you can use for a holistic coverage of the 12th-class Physics. Given below are some of those resources:
| CBSE | JEE | NEET |
|---|---|---|
| NCERT Textbook | NCERT | NCERT |
| NCERT Exemplar | HC Verma (Vol 2) | MTG NCERT at fingertips |
| PYQs | PYQs | PYQs |
NCERT Exemplar Physics Class 12th
The NCERT exemplar is very crucial for the CBSE exam preparation, as it includes higher-level numericals and conceptual MCQs.
- It is a good resource for the CBSE boards' case study and competency questions.
- This can also be helpful for other competitive exams such as JEE Main and NEET.
- Many questions in the actual exam are inspired by exemplar concepts.
| NCERT Exemplar Physics Class 12th |
|---|
How to use it?
- First, you have to complete the NCERT textbook examples and the exercise questions.
- Then start solving the Exemplar MCQs and short as well as long answers.
- You can mark difficult questions and can also make notes for them.
- Revise the notes weekly to engrain the concepts.
- Your focus should be more on the high-weightage important chapters, such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, etc.
Physics Mock Test
The mock tests are most important to improve your Physics score in the CBSE board exams as they simulate the actual exam, which converts your theory knowledge into actual exam performance. It will help in the following:
- They will improve your speed and accuracy in the exam.
- They can help you identify your weak areas.
- They will boost your confidence and exam performance by reducing stress.
- They will help you in learning the answer-writing skills for your CSE boards.
| Class 12th Physics Mock Tests |
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