Mizoram Board Class 10 Social Science 2026 Question Paper with Solution PDF

Step 1: Understanding the concept of Satyagraha.


Satyagraha was a method of non-violent resistance introduced by Mahatma Gandhi. The term is derived from two Sanskrit words — “Satya” meaning truth and “Agraha” meaning insistence or firmness.


Step 2: Meaning of Satyagraha.


Satyagraha literally means “insistence on truth” or “power of truth.” It emphasizes non-violence, moral strength, and peaceful protest rather than the use of physical force.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Pure soul force: Incorrect. Although spiritual strength is involved, this is not the correct term.
(B) Force of arms: Incorrect. Satyagraha strictly rejects violence.
(C) Power of truth: Correct. This is the exact meaning of Satyagraha.
(D) Weapon of the weak: Incorrect. Gandhi considered it a powerful moral weapon, not a weak one.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Thus, Satyagraha means the power of truth.



Final Answer: Power of truth. Quick Tip: Satyagraha combines truth (Satya) and non-violence (Ahimsa) as its core principles.

Step 1: Background of the steam engine.


The steam engine was originally developed by Thomas Newcomen in the early 18th century. However, it was not very efficient.


Step 2: Contribution of James Watt.


James Watt, a Scottish inventor, significantly improved the design of the steam engine in 1769. He introduced a separate condenser, which greatly increased efficiency and made it suitable for industrial use.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Samuel Luke Fildes: Incorrect. He was a painter, not related to steam engine improvement.
(B) Bhai Bhosle: Incorrect. Not associated with the steam engine.
(C) James Watt: Correct. He improved and made the steam engine more efficient.
(D) None of these: Incorrect because James Watt is the correct answer.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Therefore, James Watt improved the steam engine.



Final Answer: James Watt. Quick Tip: James Watt’s improvements in the steam engine played a major role in the Industrial Revolution.

Step 1: Understanding Nationalism and Liberalism.


Nationalism and liberalism are political ideologies that emphasize individual rights, freedom, equality before law, and the idea of a nation-state. These ideas became prominent in Europe during the period of major economic and social changes.


Step 2: Historical Background.


The Industrial Revolution brought significant economic transformation, growth of new social classes like the middle class, and increased political awareness. These changes encouraged the spread of liberal and nationalist ideas across Europe.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) The Indian War of Independence: Incorrect. It occurred later and was influenced by nationalist ideas.
(B) The First War of Independence: Incorrect. It was a result of nationalist feelings, not the origin.
(C) The Industrial Revolution: Correct. It led to the rise of liberalism and nationalism in Europe.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Therefore, nationalism and liberalism developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution.



Final Answer: The Industrial Revolution. Quick Tip: Economic changes during the Industrial Revolution led to political ideologies like liberalism and nationalism.

Step 1: Understanding the French Revolution.


The French Revolution (1789) was a major political and social movement in France that overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. It strongly promoted ideas of freedom and equal rights.


Step 2: Core Principles.


The revolution popularized the slogan “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.” These principles emphasized freedom from oppression, equality before law, and brotherhood among citizens.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Democratic rights: Though related, this was not the specific slogan.
(B) Republican rights: The revolution established a republic but did not use this as its main principle.
(C) Liberty, Equality and Fraternity: Correct. This was the central slogan of the French Revolution.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Thus, the French Revolution popularised the principle of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.



Final Answer: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. Quick Tip: The slogan “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” became the foundation of modern democratic values.

Step 1: Understanding Soil Conservation.


Soil conservation refers to the protection of soil from erosion and degradation. It involves adopting methods that maintain soil fertility and prevent loss of topsoil.


Step 2: Role of Afforestation.


Afforestation means planting trees on barren land. Trees hold the soil firmly with their roots, prevent soil erosion by wind and water, and improve soil fertility.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Overgrazing: Incorrect. It removes vegetation cover and increases soil erosion.
(B) Afforestation: Correct. It protects and conserves soil.
(C) Mining: Incorrect. It disturbs the land surface and damages soil.
(D) Soil erosion: Incorrect. It is the loss of soil, not a conservation method.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Thus, afforestation is a method that helps to conserve soil.



Final Answer: Afforestation. Quick Tip: Planting trees is one of the most effective natural methods to prevent soil erosion.

Step 1: Understanding Shifting Cultivation.


Shifting cultivation is a traditional farming method in which a piece of land is cleared by cutting and burning vegetation. Crops are grown for a few years and then the land is left fallow.


Step 2: Alternative Name.


Because the land is cleared by slashing trees and burning them, this method is commonly called “Slash and Burn Agriculture.”


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Slash and fire agriculture: Incorrect. Not the correct term.
(B) Slash and hash agriculture: Incorrect. Not a recognized term.
(C) Slash and burn agriculture: Correct. This is the proper name.
(D) Hash and fire agriculture: Incorrect. Not a valid term.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Therefore, shifting cultivation is also known as Slash and Burn agriculture.



Final Answer: Slash and burn agriculture. Quick Tip: Shifting cultivation is known by different names in India such as Jhum (North-East) and Podu (Andhra Pradesh).

Step 1: Understanding types of minerals.


Minerals are broadly classified into metallic and non-metallic minerals. Metallic minerals contain metal content and can be extracted and processed to obtain metals.


Step 2: Nature of Iron.


Iron is a metal and is extracted from iron ore. It has metallic properties such as conductivity, strength, and malleability. Therefore, it belongs to the category of metallic minerals.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Placer deposit: Incorrect. This refers to minerals found in river beds.
(B) Source of energy: Incorrect. Iron is not used as a fuel.
(C) Non-metallic mineral: Incorrect. Iron is a metal.
(D) Metallic mineral: Correct. Iron is a metallic mineral.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Thus, Iron is an example of a metallic mineral.



Final Answer: Metallic mineral. Quick Tip: Examples of metallic minerals include iron, copper, bauxite, and manganese.

Step 1: Understanding different modes of transport.


There are various modes of transport such as roadways, railways, waterways, and airways. Each has its own advantages in terms of speed, cost, and comfort.


Step 2: Comparing speed and comfort.


Air transport is the fastest mode of transport and is considered very comfortable for long-distance travel. It saves time and connects distant regions quickly.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Air transport: Correct. It is the fastest and most comfortable.
(B) Road transport: Slower compared to air transport.
(C) Water transport: Economical but very slow.
(D) Railways: Faster than roadways but slower than air transport.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Therefore, air transport is the fastest and most comfortable mode of transport.



Final Answer: Air transport. Quick Tip: Airways are ideal for long-distance and international travel due to their high speed.

Step 1: Understanding Holding Together Federation.


A holding together federation is formed when a large country decides to divide power between the central government and the states to maintain unity. India is an example of such a federation.


Step 2: Identifying similar countries.


Australia is also a federal country where power is divided between the central government and states. It follows a federal system similar in structure.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Pakistan: Not a classic example in this context.
(B) Bhutan: It is not a federal country.
(C) Australia: Correct. It follows a federal system.
(D) China: It has a unitary system.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Thus, Australia is also an example of a federation apart from India.



Final Answer: Australia. Quick Tip: India is called a holding together federation because power was divided by the Constitution rather than by agreement among states.

Step 1: Understanding party systems.


A party system refers to the number and type of political parties that compete in elections and share power.


Step 2: Indian political structure.


India has many political parties at national and state levels. Several parties contest elections and form coalition governments. Hence, India follows a multi-party system.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) One-party system: Incorrect. Multiple parties exist.
(B) National party system: Incorrect. Both national and regional parties exist.
(C) Two-party system: Incorrect. More than two major parties compete.
(D) Multi-party system: Correct. India follows this system.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Therefore, Indian democracy follows a multi-party system.



Final Answer: Multi-party system. Quick Tip: In a multi-party system, several political parties compete for power and often form coalition governments.

Step 1: Understanding the Anti-Arrack Movement.


The Anti-Arrack Movement was a social movement against the sale and consumption of arrack (local liquor). It was initiated mainly by rural women who were affected by alcohol abuse in their families.


Step 2: Historical Background.


This movement began in the early 1990s in Andhra Pradesh, where women organized protests demanding prohibition of liquor.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Andhra Pradesh: Correct. The movement started here.
(B) Maharashtra: Incorrect.
(C) Haryana: Incorrect.
(D) Assam: Incorrect.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Thus, the Anti-Arrack Movement was led by women in Andhra Pradesh.



Final Answer: Andhra Pradesh. Quick Tip: The Anti-Arrack Movement highlighted the power of women’s collective action in social reforms.

Step 1: Understanding indicators of development.


Development of a country is measured through various economic and social indicators. These indicators help in understanding the overall well-being of the people.


Step 2: Important indicators.


Literacy rate shows the educational level of the population. Health status reflects the quality of healthcare and living standards. Per capita income indicates the average income and economic condition of the people.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) Literacy rate: It is an important indicator.
(B) Health status: It also measures development.
(C) Per capita income: It indicates economic development.
(D) All the three above: Correct, because development is measured using all these factors.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Thus, development of a country is indicated by all three factors mentioned.



Final Answer: All the three above. Quick Tip: Development is measured by both economic indicators (income) and social indicators (education and health).

Step 1: Understanding the functions of money.


Money performs several important functions in an economy. It acts as a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a measure of value (unit of account).


Step 2: Identifying the incorrect option.


Money itself does not measure economic activity. Economic activity is measured by indicators such as GDP.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) A store of value: Correct function of money.
(B) A measure of economic activity: Incorrect. Not a direct function of money.
(C) A medium of exchange: Correct function.
(D) A measure of value: Correct function.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Therefore, “a measure of economic activity” is not a function of money.



Final Answer: A measure of economic activity. Quick Tip: Remember the three main functions of money: medium of exchange, store of value, and measure of value.

Step 1: Understanding National Consumers’ Day.


National Consumers’ Day is observed in India to spread awareness about consumer rights and responsibilities.


Step 2: Historical background.


On 24 December 1986, the Consumer Protection Act was passed in India. To commemorate this, National Consumers’ Day is celebrated every year on 24 December.


Step 3: Analysis of the options.



(A) 15 March: This is World Consumer Rights Day.
(B) 24 March: Incorrect.
(C) 15 December: Incorrect.
(D) 24 December: Correct.


Step 4: Conclusion.


Hence, National Consumers’ Day is celebrated on 24 December.



Final Answer: 24 December. Quick Tip: 24 December marks the passing of the Consumer Protection Act in India.

The Earth Summit, officially known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in the year 1992.

It took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 3rd June to 14th June 1992. The conference was attended by representatives from more than 170 countries, including heads of state and government officials.

The main objective of the Earth Summit was to address urgent global environmental problems such as climate change, deforestation, pollution, and loss of biodiversity. It aimed to promote the concept of sustainable development, which means meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

During the summit, important documents and agreements were adopted, such as Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The summit played a major role in shaping international environmental policies. Quick Tip: The Earth Summit 1992 is also known as the Rio Summit and marked a major step toward global environmental cooperation.

A disaster is a sudden, unexpected, and catastrophic event that causes widespread damage, destruction, loss of life, and disruption of normal life and activities in a community or society.

Disasters can be classified into two main types: natural disasters and man-made disasters. Natural disasters include earthquakes, floods, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, droughts, and tsunamis. Man-made disasters include industrial accidents, chemical leaks, nuclear accidents, fires, wars, and terrorist attacks.

A disaster not only causes physical destruction but also affects social, economic, and environmental conditions. It may destroy houses, roads, communication systems, crops, and public services. Due to the large-scale impact, disaster management and relief operations become necessary to rescue victims, provide medical help, supply food and shelter, and restore normal life.

Therefore, a disaster is any event that seriously disrupts the functioning of society and requires immediate response and assistance. Quick Tip: A disaster causes large-scale damage and disruption beyond the capacity of the affected community to cope on its own.

A rescuer plays a crucial role during emergencies. The following are two important principles that a rescuer should follow:


Ensure Personal and Scene Safety:
Before attempting to help the victim, the rescuer must first ensure that the area is safe. If the environment is dangerous (for example, fire, electrical wires, collapsed buildings, or toxic gases), the rescuer should not enter without proper protection. Personal safety is the first priority because an injured rescuer will increase the number of victims instead of helping.

Provide Immediate and Appropriate First Aid:
After ensuring safety, the rescuer should quickly assess the condition of the victim and provide necessary first aid. This may include checking breathing, controlling bleeding, performing CPR if needed, and comforting the injured person. The rescuer should also arrange for medical assistance and avoid unnecessary movement of the victim to prevent further injury.


In addition to these principles, a rescuer should remain calm, act confidently, and follow proper emergency procedures to save lives effectively. Quick Tip: Safety first, quick assessment, and timely first aid are the key responsibilities of a rescuer.