UP Board Class 10 Home Science Question Paper 2025 (Code 823 CG) with Answer Key and Solutions PDF is Available to Download

Step 1: Understanding family budget.

A family budget is a financial plan that estimates income and expenditure for a fixed period. The aim is to manage resources wisely to meet family needs.

Step 2: Analyze each option.

- Increase in income (A): While helpful, it is not always possible and cannot be the only requirement.

- Cut down in expenditure (B): This is one way to adjust, but only reducing expenditure is not sufficient for an ideal budget.

- Balance between income and expenditure (C): This is the core principle of budgeting. The total expenses should not exceed income. Proper allocation ensures savings and stability.

- Arrangement of loan (D): Loans may provide temporary relief but cannot be considered essential for a sound budget.


Step 3: Conclusion.

Therefore, the most essential requirement of making a family budget is maintaining a balance between income and expenditure.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Balance between income and expenditure is the most essential requirement for a family budget.} \] Quick Tip: A good budget is not about earning more or cutting all expenses, but about balancing income and expenditure wisely to ensure savings.

Step 1: Recall basic conversion.

1 litre (L) = 1000 millilitres (mL).

Step 2: Verify with definition.

“Milli” means one-thousandth. Thus: \[ 1 litre = 1000 \times 1 millilitre \]


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{1 litre = 1000 millilitres} \] Quick Tip: Always remember: kilo = 1000 times; milli = 1/1000.

Step 1: Recall formula.
\[ Distance = Speed \times Time \]

Step 2: Substitute values.

Speed = 1.5 km/hr, Time = 2 hours. \[ Distance = 1.5 \times 2 = 3 km \]


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The school is 3 km from Ram’s house.} \] Quick Tip: Use the triangle: Distance = Speed × Time, Speed = Distance ÷ Time, Time = Distance ÷ Speed.

Step 1: Identify type of quantity.

Oil is a liquid, so it is measured in terms of volume, not mass or length.

Step 2: Units of liquid measurement.

Volume is measured in litre (L) and millilitre (mL).

Step 3: Eliminate wrong options.

- Kilogram, gram → units of mass.

- Centimetre, metre → units of length.

- None of these → incorrect.



Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Oil is measured in millilitre or litre.} \] Quick Tip: Solids = kg/g, Liquids = L/mL, Length = m/cm. Match the unit with the type of quantity.

Step 1: Cultural context.

In Indian tradition, major cleaning of houses is usually done during big festivals like Dusshera and Diwali.

Step 2: Frequency.

This large-scale cleaning is carried out once a year before the festivals.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Festival cleaning during Dusshera and Diwali is yearly.} \] Quick Tip: Daily/weekly cleaning is routine, but Diwali cleaning is a once-a-year cultural practice.

Step 1: Rule for learner’s licence.

According to Indian Motor Vehicle Rules:
- Minimum age = 16 years for non-geared two-wheelers (like scooters and mopeds).
- Minimum age = 18 years for geared vehicles and cars.

Step 2: Check the question.

Since the question asks about “minimum age for learning licence”, it refers to the lower limit, i.e., 16 years.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The minimum age to obtain a learning licence is 16 years.} \] Quick Tip: Remember: 16 years = non-geared licence; 18 years = geared/two-wheeler with gears and cars.

Step 1: Importance of speed regulation.

Speed limits are imposed to ensure road safety for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians.

Step 2: Eliminate wrong options.

- Extremely fast (A) \(\Rightarrow\) dangerous, causes accidents.

- Extremely slow (B) \(\Rightarrow\) obstructs traffic flow.

- Both (A) and (B) (C) \(\Rightarrow\) contradictory and impractical.


Step 3: Correct principle.

The safe speed depends on traffic density, road condition, and weather.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Vehicle speed should be maintained according to weather and traffic conditions.} \] Quick Tip: Always follow displayed speed limits and adjust speed in rain, fog, or heavy traffic.

Step 1: Standard arrangement of traffic signals.

Traffic lights are arranged vertically:
- Red at the top \(\Rightarrow\) Stop.
- Yellow/Amber in the middle \(\Rightarrow\) Ready.
- Green at the bottom \(\Rightarrow\) Go.

Step 2: Reason.

This arrangement is international to help even colour-blind persons identify signals by position.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{The red light in traffic signals is always at the top.} \] Quick Tip: Remember: \textbf{Top = Stop (Red)}, \textbf{Middle = Ready (Yellow)}, \textbf{Bottom = Go (Green)}.

Step 1: Water purification chemicals.

- Bleaching powder (CaOCl\(_2\)) → disinfects by releasing chlorine.
- Potassium permanganate (KMnO\(_4\)) → strong oxidizer used in small amounts.
- Sodium chloride (common salt) → though not a disinfectant, in some rural practices it is used with other methods.

Step 2: Copper sulphate.

Copper sulphate is used to kill algae in ponds, not for purifying drinking water.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Copper sulphate is not used to purify drinking water.} \] Quick Tip: For drinking water: Bleaching powder, KMnO\(_4\), chlorine tablets are used — not copper sulphate.

Step 1: Expansion of TAB.

TAB vaccine = Typhoid–Paratyphoid A and B vaccine.

Step 2: Function.

This vaccine protects against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphoid fever caused by \textit{S. paratyphi A \& B.

Step 3: Elimination.

- Tetanus → prevented by TT vaccine.

- TB → prevented by BCG vaccine.

- Hepatitis → specific Hepatitis vaccines.



Final Answer: \[ \boxed{TAB vaccine is given to prevent Typhoid and Paratyphoid. \] Quick Tip: Vaccine memory rule: BCG–TB, TT–Tetanus, TAB–Typhoid, OPV–Polio.

Step 1: Pre-cutting preparation.

Before cutting fabric, certain steps are necessary to ensure accuracy in stitching.

Step 2: Steps involved.

- Shrinking (pre-shrinking) → prevents garment shrinking after first wash.
- Ironing → smoothens fabric for accurate measurement and marking.
- Marking with chalk → essential to outline pattern pieces correctly.

Step 3: Combined process.

All these steps together ensure perfect fit and professional finish of garments.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Before cutting, cloth is shrunk, ironed, and marked; hence all of these are correct.} \] Quick Tip: Remember the sequence: \textbf{Shrink → Iron → Mark → Cut}.

Step 1: Purpose of starching.

Starch is used to give stiffness, shine, and crisp finish to clothes.

Step 2: Silk fabric.

Silk is delicate; strong starch like rice or bran can damage its softness and lustre.
Hence, a mild starch is preferred.

Step 3: Best choice.

Sago starch is gentle, gives a soft, glossy finish without harming silk fibres.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Sago starch is applied to silk clothes.} \] Quick Tip: Match starch type with fabric: Rice → cotton, Bran → coarse cloth, Sago → silk.

Step 1: Understand the absorbent method.

Absorbent method uses substances that soak up stains like oil or grease.

Step 2: Common absorbents.

- Talcum powder → absorbs oily stains.
- Maida (flour) → absorbs excess oil.
- Salt → absorbs fresh stains like ink or grease.

Step 3: Identify non-absorbent.

Lemon juice is not absorbent; it is a bleaching agent used to lighten stains.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Lemon juice is not used in absorbent method.} \] Quick Tip: Absorbents = dry powders (talcum, flour, salt). Liquids like lemon juice act as bleaching agents.

Step 1: Concept.

Instant energy comes from simple sugars that can be directly absorbed into the blood.

Step 2: Check options.

- Juice → contains sugars but also fiber, slower digestion.
- Milk → contains proteins and fats, slow to digest.
- Glucose → pure simple sugar, absorbed instantly.
- Dal water → provides proteins, not instant energy.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Glucose is the instant source of energy.} \] Quick Tip: For quick recovery from weakness, dehydration, or fever → glucose water is best.

Step 1: Define poultice.

A poultice is a soft, moist mass of material applied to the body to relieve soreness and promote healing.

Step 2: Uses of common poultices.

- Mustard seed poultice → used for stimulating circulation.
- Onion poultice → used for healing wounds, infections, and inflammation due to its antibacterial effect.
- Wheat flour poultice → sometimes used for soothing, not mainly for healing.

Step 3: Correct answer.

Onion poultice is specifically used for wound healing.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Onion poultice is used for healing of wounds.} \] Quick Tip: Poultices are old home remedies: onion → wounds, mustard → circulation, wheat → soothing.

Step 1: Role of vitamins and minerals.

- Provide energy indirectly by helping in metabolism (Vitamin B complex).
- Help in repair of cells (Vitamin A, zinc, protein-mineral balance).
- Boost immunity (Vitamin C, Vitamin D, iron, etc.).

Step 2: Combine all roles.

Hence, vitamins and minerals perform all these functions together.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Food rich in vitamins and minerals provides energy, repairs body cells, and strengthens immunity power.} \] Quick Tip: “Vitamins + Minerals = Protective food group” → growth, repair, and disease resistance.

Step 1: Nutrition in fever.

Patients with fever need easily digestible, quick energy foods.

Step 2: Check options.

- Carbohydrates → provide instant energy and are easily digestible (rice, glucose water).
- Fats → hard to digest during fever.
- Vitamins/Minerals → important for immunity but not primary energy providers.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Carbohydrate-rich food items are necessary during fever.} \] Quick Tip: During fever: soft diet, carbohydrate-rich, plenty of fluids. Avoid heavy fats.

Step 1: Identify alimentary canal disease.

The alimentary canal is the digestive tract.

Step 2: Check each option.

- Tuberculosis → affects lungs (bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
- Typhoid → affects intestine, caused by \textit{Salmonella typhi.
- Malaria → caused by protozoa (\textit{Plasmodium), not bacteria.

Step 3: Correct disease.

Typhoid is a bacterial infection of the intestinal tract.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Typhoid is the bacterial disease affecting the alimentary canal. \] Quick Tip: Remember: Typhoid → bacteria, intestine; Cholera → bacteria, intestine; Malaria → protozoa, blood; TB → bacteria, lungs.

Step 1: Understand glucose metabolism.

When we consume food, glucose enters the blood. Excess glucose that is not immediately required for energy is stored.

Step 2: Form of storage.

In humans and animals, glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. This can be broken down back into glucose when needed.

Step 3: Eliminate wrong options.

- Amino acids → building blocks of proteins, not glucose storage.

- Fatty acids → stored form of fats, not glucose.

- None of these → incorrect, as glycogen is correct.



Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Glucose is stored in the body as Glycogen.} \] Quick Tip: Plants store glucose as starch; animals (including humans) store it as glycogen.

Step 1: Define pulse.

Pulse is the rhythmic throbbing of arteries as blood is pumped through them by the beating of the heart.

Step 2: Relation with heartbeat.

Each pulse corresponds to one heartbeat. Therefore, pulse rate (measured at wrist/neck) directly reflects heart rate.

Step 3: Eliminate wrong options.

- Digestion of food → no relation to pulse.

- Respiration → connected to heartbeat indirectly, but pulse is not a measure of breathing.

- None of these → incorrect.



Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Pulse rate is related to human heartbeat.} \] Quick Tip: Normal adult pulse = 72 beats/min. Pulse is the easiest way to check heart activity.

Step 1: Define model budget.

A model budget is a sample or ideal family budget which shows how income should be distributed on essential needs, savings, and other expenses.

Step 2: Purpose.

It serves as a guide for families to control expenditure, avoid waste, and achieve financial balance.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{A model budget is an ideal budget plan showing proper income and expenditure balance.} \] Quick Tip: Always balance income and expenses in budget planning. Savings are essential.

Step 1: Relation of impure water and disease.

Impure water contains harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites which spread water-borne diseases.

Step 2: Examples.

- Cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae)
- Typhoid (caused by Salmonella typhi)
- Dysentery (caused by Shigella or amoeba)
- Hepatitis A (viral infection)


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Diseases spread by impure water: Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Hepatitis A.} \] Quick Tip: Always drink boiled or filtered water to prevent water-borne diseases.

Step 1: Health aspect.

Washing clothes removes dirt, sweat, and germs that cause diseases.

Step 2: Maintenance aspect.

Clean clothes last longer, remain bright, and maintain their fabric texture.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Utilities: (1) Removes dirt and germs, (2) Maintains fabric quality and durability.} \] Quick Tip: Regular washing keeps clothes hygienic and fresh.

Step 1: Importance of kitchen planning.

Kitchen is the most used part of the home, so it must be efficient, safe, and hygienic.

Step 2: Main points.

- Proper ventilation and lighting for safety and health.
- Adequate storage for utensils, food items, and fuel.
Other points: Easy workflow (cooking–washing–storage), cleanliness, safety of gas connection.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Points: (1) Proper ventilation and lighting, (2) Adequate storage space.} \] Quick Tip: Remember: Kitchen should be safe, well-ventilated, and hygienic.

Step 1: Define method.

The hand-seated method is a first aid transport technique where two helpers form a seat with their hands.

Step 2: Condition of patient.

This method is used when:
- The patient is conscious.
- Patient can hold helpers’ shoulders for balance.
- Patient cannot walk but can sit upright.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Used when injured is conscious, able to sit, but unable to walk.} \] Quick Tip: Never use this method if patient is unconscious or has spinal injury.

Step 1: Define artificial immunity.

Artificial immunity is acquired by introducing vaccines or antibodies into the body to protect against specific diseases.

Step 2: Vaccination.

Vaccines contain killed or weakened microbes which stimulate the body to produce antibodies. Examples: BCG, Polio, TAB vaccines.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Artificial immunity is obtained by vaccination/immunization.} \] Quick Tip: Natural immunity = from birth; Artificial immunity = through vaccines.

Step 1: Define house cleaning.

House cleaning is the process of maintaining cleanliness, order, and hygiene in the home environment.

Step 2: Benefits.

1. Prevents spread of diseases by removing dust, germs, and insects.

2. Improves comfort and beauty of the home.

3. Increases durability of furniture, clothes, and utensils.

4. Provides a healthy and stress-free environment for family members.


Step 3: Conclusion.

Thus, house cleaning is essential for hygiene, safety, and comfort of the family.


Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{Four benefits: prevents diseases, improves comfort, increases durability of goods, and provides a healthy home.} \] Quick Tip: Regular cleaning saves money by increasing the life of household goods.

Step 1: Impurities in water.

Raw water may contain bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and impurities.

Step 2: Role of boiling.

Boiling water for 10–15 minutes kills harmful microorganisms like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery germs.

Step 3: Benefits.

- Reduces risk of water-borne diseases.

- Makes water safe for children and sick persons.

- Improves digestion and overall health.



Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{Boiled drinking water kills germs, prevents water-borne diseases, and is safe for health.} \] Quick Tip: Boil water at least 10 minutes for complete disinfection.

Step 1: Purpose of starching.

Starch is applied on cotton clothes after washing and ironing to give them stiffness and shine.

Step 2: Utilities.

- Gives crisp and fresh appearance.

- Increases fabric strength temporarily.

- Protects clothes from sticking dust and dirt.

- Helps in easier ironing.



Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{Starch gives cotton clothes stiffness, shine, strength, dust protection, and easy ironing.} \] Quick Tip: Use rice starch or ready-made laundry starch for cotton clothes.

Step 1: Define ideal kitchen.

An ideal kitchen is one which is safe, hygienic, well-ventilated, and convenient for cooking.

Step 2: Features.

- Proper ventilation and lighting.

- Adequate storage for utensils, groceries, and fuel.

- Scientific arrangement of cooking, washing, and storage areas.

- Safety arrangements for gas, electricity, and water.



Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{An ideal kitchen is safe, hygienic, well-ventilated, and has proper storage and workflow arrangement.} \] Quick Tip: Follow the kitchen work triangle: sink–stove–storage at convenient distance.

Step 1: Pulse rate.

Pulse rate (normal 72/min in adults) shows functioning of the heart. Too high or too low pulse indicates heart problems or weakness.

Step 2: Breathing rate.

Normal breathing rate = 16–20 breaths/min. High rate may indicate fever, asthma, or lung disease. Low rate indicates unconsciousness or serious illness.

Step 3: Body temperature.

Normal temperature = 37°C (98.6°F). Higher temperature indicates fever or infection. Lower temperature shows hypothermia or shock.

Step 4: Conclusion.

Thus, pulse, breathing, and temperature are vital signs to assess health status of a person.


Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{Pulse, breathing rate, and temperature are vital signs that reflect the condition of heart, lungs, and body health.} \] Quick Tip: Doctors check pulse, respiration, and temperature first as they are primary health indicators.

Step 1: Translate to an equation.

Let the fees of each of the other two children be \(x\) rupees.
Given: total fees \(= 600\) rupees and one child pays \(120\) rupees.
Hence, \[ 120 + x + x = 600 \]

Step 2: Simplify and solve.
\[ 120 + 2x = 600 \quad\Rightarrow\quad 2x = 600 - 120 = 480 \quad\Rightarrow\quad x = \frac{480}{2} = 240 \]

Step 3: Sanity check.
\[ 120 + 240 + 240 = 600 \quad \checkmark \]


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Fees of each of the other two children = Rs.\ 240} \] Quick Tip: When two equal unknown amounts share a known total, first subtract the known part, then halve the remainder.

Step 1: Types of sewing.

There are two main types: (i) Hand sewing and (ii) Machine sewing.

Step 2: Common hand-sewing stitches (names).

Running (basting) stitch; Back stitch; Hemming (slip stitch); Overcasting/Whip stitch; Blanket/Buttonhole stitch; Chain stitch; Herringbone (cross) stitch; Blind stitch.

Step 3: Utility of any two stitches.

(1) Back stitch: Strong, durable stitch used for permanent seams and repairs when a machine is not available.

(2) Hemming (slip) stitch: Used to finish hems neatly and almost invisibly on skirts, trousers, sleeves, and curtains.
% (Alternative utilities you may cite if asked): Running stitch for tacking/gathering; Overcasting to prevent fraying; Blanket stitch to finish thick edges.


Final Answer: \[ \boxed{Two types—hand \& machine. Hand stitches include running, back, hemming, overcasting, blanket, chain, etc.; back stitch (strong seams) and hemming (neat hems).} \] Quick Tip: Remember: \textbf{Back = Strong seam}, \textbf{Hem = Invisible finish}. List 5–6 stitch names to secure full marks.

Step 1: Meaning of fracture.

A fracture is a break or crack in a bone due to accident, fall, or excessive pressure. It may be simple (closed) or compound (open, where bone pierces skin).

Step 2: First aid for fracture.

- Do not move the injured part unnecessarily.

- Support the fractured bone with a splint, cardboard, or folded newspaper.

- Immobilize the affected part using a sling or bandage.

- Apply cold compress to reduce swelling.

- Do not attempt to set the bone; take the patient to a doctor immediately.

Step 3: Nutrient required for bones.

Calcium is required in excess for bone strength and healing. Vitamin D is also essential to absorb calcium effectively.


Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{Fracture = break in bone; First aid = immobilize with splints, cold compress, take to doctor; Nutrient = Calcium (with Vitamin D).} \]

\begin{quicktipbox
Remember: First aid for fracture = "Don’t move, support, immobilize, send to hospital." Nutrient = Calcium.
\end{quicktipbox Quick Tip: Remember: First aid for fracture = "Don’t move, support, immobilize, send to hospital." Nutrient = Calcium.

Step 1: Meaning of fever.

Fever is a temporary rise in body temperature, usually above 37°C (98.6°F), caused by infection or illness. It is a common symptom of many diseases.

Step 2: Dietary needs in fever.

During fever, metabolism increases, and digestion becomes weak. Therefore, food should be:
- Easily digestible.

- Soft and semi-liquid.

- Rich in carbohydrates (for quick energy).

- Low in fats (as fats are hard to digest).

- Adequate fluids to prevent dehydration.


Step 3: Examples of suitable food.

- Glucose water, fruit juices, dal water, rice gruel, vegetable soup.

- Milk and curd in small quantities.

- Plenty of water and oral rehydration solution (ORS).

Step 4: Reasoning.

Such foods give instant energy, maintain hydration, and support faster recovery without straining the digestive system.


Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{Fever = rise in body temperature. Food = soft, liquid, carbohydrate-rich diet with fluids to give energy and prevent dehydration.} \]

\begin{quicktipbox
In fever: Avoid oily and heavy foods. Give liquids, glucose, juices, and light diet to help easy digestion and recovery.
\end{quicktipbox Quick Tip: In fever: Avoid oily and heavy foods. Give liquids, glucose, juices, and light diet to help easy digestion and recovery.

Step 1: Environment and professional life.

- A clean and healthy environment improves concentration, efficiency, and productivity in professional life.
- Polluted environment (noise, smoke, dust) reduces efficiency and causes health issues like stress, absenteeism, and frequent sickness.
- Professionals working in eco-friendly surroundings enjoy better work–life balance.


Step 2: Environment and population.

- Favorable environment (clean air, water, fertile soil) supports increase in population because of better living conditions.
- Unhealthy environment leads to diseases, epidemics, and migration, thereby reducing or shifting population density.
- Industrialized polluted cities often face overpopulation due to employment opportunities, while rural polluted/infertile areas face depopulation.


Step 3: Environment and food habits.

- Environment decides availability of crops, vegetables, and fruits in a region.
- For example, coastal areas prefer fish and rice; desert areas rely on millet and dry foods.
- Pollution in soil and water also affects food habits, as people shift to packaged and processed foods instead of fresh produce.
- Climate change (floods, droughts) changes food supply and hence modifies eating practices.


Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{Environment directly affects (i) professional life through efficiency and health, (ii) population by growth, migration or decline, and (iii) food habits by availability and climatic conditions.} \] Quick Tip: Always link environment with health, occupation, migration, and food supply. Examples make your answers stronger.