UP Board Class 10 Home Science Question Paper 2023 with Answer Key (Code 823 ED)

Step 1: Role of Vitamin A in Vision.

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy vision. It is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a protein in the eyes that helps to see in low-light conditions. This makes Vitamin A vital for preventing night blindness.

Step 2: Sources of Vitamin A.

Vitamin A is found in foods like carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and liver. It is available in two forms: retinol (from animal sources) and provitamin A carotenoids (from plant sources), which the body can convert into retinol.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is Vitamin A because it directly contributes to the health of the eyes, while other vitamins like Vitamin C and D have different functions related to immunity and bone health. Quick Tip: Vitamin A is essential for healthy vision. A deficiency can lead to conditions like night blindness and dry eyes.

Step 1: Understanding BCG Vaccine.

The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is primarily used to prevent tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. The BCG vaccine is based on a weakened strain of the Mycobacterium bovis, which is related to the bacterium that causes TB.

Step 2: Use of BCG Vaccine.

This vaccine is commonly administered to infants in many countries to prevent severe forms of TB, including TB meningitis and disseminated TB. It is particularly important in regions where TB is prevalent.

Step 3: Why not other options?

- (A) Jaundice: Jaundice is a symptom of liver disease, not a disease that can be prevented by BCG.
- (B) Polio: Polio is prevented by the Polio vaccine, not BCG.
- (C) Mumps: Mumps is prevented by the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine.

Step 4: Conclusion.

The BCG vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis, making option (D) the correct answer. Quick Tip: BCG vaccine is a major tool in the global fight against tuberculosis, especially in countries with high rates of TB.

Step 1: Definition of Fat-soluble Vitamins.

Fat-soluble vitamins are those that dissolve in fats and oils and are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver. These include Vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins do not need to be consumed daily as they are stored in the body for later use.

Step 2: Why Vitamin A is Fat-soluble.

Vitamin A, being a fat-soluble vitamin, is stored in the liver and released into the bloodstream when needed. It plays a vital role in vision, immune function, and skin health.

Step 3: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) Vitamin B: Vitamin B is a water-soluble vitamin, not fat-soluble.
- (C) Vitamin C: Vitamin C is also water-soluble and is vital for immune function and collagen synthesis.
- (D) All of these: This is incorrect because Vitamin B and Vitamin C are not fat-soluble.

Step 4: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (B) Vitamin A because it is the only fat-soluble vitamin among the options. Quick Tip: Fat-soluble vitamins like Vitamin A, D, E, and K are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, so they do not need to be consumed daily.

Step 1: Role of Sodium in the Body.

Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body, responsible for maintaining fluid balance, transmitting nerve signals, and regulating blood pressure. The primary source of sodium in our diet is salt (sodium chloride).

Step 2: Why Salt is the Best Source.

Salt, or sodium chloride, is the most common and direct source of sodium in the human diet. It is used in cooking and as a preservative.

Step 3: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) Jaggery: Jaggery is a form of sugar and contains negligible amounts of sodium.
- (C) Lemon: Lemons are rich in Vitamin C but contain very little sodium.
- (D) Turmeric: Turmeric contains minimal sodium, primarily being a source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds.

Step 4: Conclusion.

Salt (option B) is the best source of sodium, making it the correct answer. Quick Tip: Excessive sodium intake can lead to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues. It’s important to consume sodium in moderation.

Step 1: Disease Transmission.

Diseases can spread through various modes such as water, food, air, or direct contact. Airborne diseases are transmitted through respiratory droplets or aerosols that are inhaled by others.

Step 2: Airborne Diseases.

Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus, which is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Step 3: Why Other Diseases are Not Airborne.

- (A) Cholera: Cholera is a waterborne disease, primarily transmitted through contaminated water.
- (B) Plague: Plague is caused by bacteria and primarily spread through flea bites, though pneumonic plague can be airborne.
- (D) Rickets: Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency and is not an infectious disease.

Step 4: Conclusion.

Smallpox is the correct answer because it is the only disease listed here that is predominantly spread through the air. Quick Tip: Smallpox was eradicated worldwide in 1980, thanks to an extensive vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Step 1: Chemical Composition of Water.

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O), which combine in a 2:1 ratio to form the molecule H\(_2\)O.

Step 2: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) HO: This is incorrect because the correct formula is \( H_2O \), indicating two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- (C) \( HO_2 \): This formula refers to hydrogen and oxygen in a different bonding form, which does not represent water but rather a different compound.
- (D) \( H_2O_2 \): This is incorrect because \( H_2O_2 \) is the formula for hydrogen peroxide, not water.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct formula for water is \( H_2O \), so the answer is (B). Quick Tip: Water's chemical formula, \( H_2O \), is one of the simplest but most vital compounds in the world.

Step 1: Normal Body Temperature.

The average normal body temperature for a healthy adult is typically 98.6° Fahrenheit (37°C). This is considered the standard body temperature, although it can vary slightly from person to person.

Step 2: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) 97.4° Fahrenheit: This temperature is lower than the average normal body temperature and may indicate a mild hypothermic condition.
- (B) 98.0° Fahrenheit: This is close but slightly below the average normal body temperature, and variations of 0.5°F around 98.6°F are considered normal.
- (D) 98.8° Fahrenheit: This is slightly higher than the average but could still be within the normal range, though it may indicate a mild fever.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The most accepted normal body temperature is 98.6°F, so the correct answer is (C). Quick Tip: A slight deviation from 98.6°F is normal, but a body temperature consistently outside of the range of 97°F to 99°F may indicate a medical issue.

Step 1: Transmission Modes of Infectious Diseases.

Infectious diseases can spread through various means:
- **Airborne transmission**: Diseases like flu, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 spread through respiratory droplets or aerosols.
- **Waterborne transmission**: Diseases like cholera and typhoid spread through contaminated water.
- **Contact transmission**: Diseases like the common cold and skin infections spread through direct physical contact or contact with contaminated surfaces.

Step 2: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) Air: While many diseases do spread through the air, it is not the only mode of transmission.
- (B) Water: Some diseases are transmitted through water, but others spread by different means.
- (C) Contact: Contact transmission is only one form of disease spread, not the only one.

Step 3: Conclusion.

Infectious diseases can spread through multiple modes, so the correct answer is (D) All of these. Quick Tip: To prevent the spread of infectious diseases, it's crucial to maintain good hygiene, practice safe drinking water habits, and avoid close contact with infected individuals.

Step 1: Understanding Vitamin D Deficiency.

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. A deficiency in Vitamin D leads to poor bone mineralization and skeletal deformities.

Step 2: Disease Caused by Vitamin D Deficiency.

Rickets is a disease caused by Vitamin D deficiency, leading to soft, weak bones, and in severe cases, skeletal deformities. It typically affects children and leads to growth problems.

Step 3: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) Malaria: Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, not by a Vitamin D deficiency.
- (C) Fever: Fever is a symptom of various infections and conditions, not a disease caused by Vitamin D deficiency.
- (D) Beri-beri: Beri-beri is caused by a deficiency in Vitamin B1 (thiamine), not Vitamin D.

Step 4: Conclusion.

Rickets is the correct answer, as it is the disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin D. Quick Tip: Vitamin D can be obtained from sunlight, fortified foods, and supplements. It is crucial for bone health, especially in children.

Step 1: History of World Environment Day.

World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated annually on June 5th. It was established by the United Nations in 1972 during the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment to raise awareness about environmental issues.

Step 2: Purpose of World Environment Day.

The day is dedicated to promoting global awareness and action to protect the environment. Each year, it is hosted by a different country and focuses on a specific environmental theme.

Step 3: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) 5th January: This is not the date for World Environment Day.
- (B) 5th March: World Environment Day is not celebrated in March.
- (D) 5th July: This is not the correct date either.

Step 4: Conclusion.

World Environment Day is celebrated on 5th June, so the correct answer is (C). Quick Tip: World Environment Day encourages global efforts to combat environmental issues like climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss.

Step 1: Role of Iron in the Body.

Iron is an essential mineral required for the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Without enough iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to anaemia.

Step 2: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) Beri-beri: This is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), not iron.
- (B) Night blindness: This condition is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A, not iron.
- (D) Scurvy: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C, not iron.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct answer is (C) Anaemia, as it is caused by iron deficiency. Quick Tip: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide. Good dietary sources of iron include red meat, spinach, and fortified cereals.

Step 1: Role of Vitamin C.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in immune function, the synthesis of collagen (important for skin, blood vessels, and bones), and the absorption of iron from plant-based foods.

Step 2: Why Citrus Fruits Are a Good Source.

Citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, are rich in Vitamin C, which helps the body absorb iron and maintain skin elasticity.

Step 3: Why Other Options Are Incorrect.

- (A) Green vegetables: While some green vegetables contain Vitamin C, they are not as rich in it as citrus fruits.
- (B) Pulses: Pulses are a good source of protein and fiber, but they are not a major source of Vitamin C.
- (C) Milk: Milk contains small amounts of Vitamin C but is not a significant source compared to fruits.

Step 4: Conclusion.

Citrus fruits (option D) are the best source of Vitamin C, making it the correct answer. Quick Tip: To prevent Vitamin C deficiency, include citrus fruits, berries, and green leafy vegetables in your diet.

Step 1: Understanding Heart Rate in Newborns.

Newborns (0-1 month old) typically have a higher heart rate compared to older children and adults. The normal heart rate for newborns can range between 70 and 190 beats per minute (bpm), depending on factors like activity, sleep, and feeding.

Step 2: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (B) 80-160 bpm: This range is more typical for infants and toddlers, not newborns.
- (C) 80-120 bpm: This range is common for children older than 1 month.
- (D) 80-130 bpm: This range is lower than the normal heart rate for newborns.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct heart rate range for a newborn is 70-190 bpm, so the answer is (A). Quick Tip: Newborns have a significantly higher heart rate than adults due to their smaller size and faster metabolism.

Step 1: Understanding Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium known as *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. This bacterium primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.

Step 2: Why Other Options Are Incorrect.

- (B) Virus: Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium, not a virus.
- (C) Amoeba: Amoeba are unicellular organisms and are not responsible for tuberculosis.
- (D) Culex: Culex is a genus of mosquitoes and is not related to the transmission of tuberculosis.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The bacterium responsible for tuberculosis is *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, which belongs to the bacillus group, making (A) the correct answer. Quick Tip: Tuberculosis is primarily spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent its spread.

Step 1: Understanding Kwashiorkor Disease.

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition caused by a deficiency of protein, despite an adequate intake of calories. It typically affects young children who are weaned from breast milk and do not receive enough protein in their diet.

Step 2: Symptoms of Kwashiorkor.

Symptoms include edema (swelling), delayed growth, skin changes, and fatty liver. Children with kwashiorkor may also have stunted development and weakened immune systems.

Step 3: Why Other Options Are Incorrect.

- (A) Fat: While fat deficiency can lead to other malnutrition-related conditions, kwashiorkor is specifically linked to a protein deficiency.
- (C) Mineral: A mineral deficiency can cause various health issues but not kwashiorkor.
- (D) All of these: This is incorrect because kwashiorkor is specifically caused by protein deficiency.

Step 4: Conclusion.

Kwashiorkor is caused by a deficiency of protein, so the correct answer is (B). Quick Tip: To prevent kwashiorkor, ensure children receive a balanced diet rich in proteins, such as legumes, milk, and meat.

Step 1: Understanding Fat and Caloric Value.

Fat is a macronutrient that provides more energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Each gram of fat provides approximately 9 calories.

Step 2: Why Other Options are Incorrect.

- (A) 4 calorie: This is the caloric value of carbohydrates and proteins, not fat.
- (B) 6 calorie: This value is not the standard caloric value for any macronutrient.
- (C) 8 calorie: This is lower than the actual caloric value for fat.

Step 3: Conclusion.

One gram of fat provides 9 calories, making (D) the correct answer. Quick Tip: Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 calories per gram compared to 4 calories per gram from proteins and carbohydrates.

Step 1: Understanding Typhoid Fever.

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by *Salmonella typhi*. It primarily affects the intestines and is transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Step 2: Why Other Options Are Incorrect.

- (A) Tubercle bacillus: This bacterium causes tuberculosis (TB), not typhoid.
- (C) *Clostridium tetani*: This bacterium causes tetanus, not typhoid.
- (D) *Entamoeba histolytica*: This protozoan parasite causes amoebic dysentery, not typhoid fever.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The correct causative agent for typhoid fever is *Salmonella typhi*, making (B) the correct answer. Quick Tip: Typhoid fever is preventable with proper sanitation, vaccination, and the consumption of clean water.

Step 1: What is Goitre?

Goitre is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, typically caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet. The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones, and without enough iodine, the gland enlarges to compensate.

Step 2: Why Other Options Are Incorrect.

- (A) Protein: While protein deficiencies can cause malnutrition, they do not cause goitre.
- (C) Calcium: Calcium deficiency leads to conditions like osteoporosis or rickets, not goitre.
- (D) Fat: Fat deficiencies cause malnutrition but not goitre.

Step 3: Conclusion.

Iodine deficiency causes goitre, so the correct answer is (B). Quick Tip: Iodine can be found in iodized salt, seafood, and dairy products, and its deficiency is preventable by ensuring adequate intake.

Step 1: Role of Vitamin B1.

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. It helps convert carbohydrates into energy and is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Step 2: Why Other Options Are Incorrect.

- (B) Riboflavin: This is Vitamin B2, which is essential for energy production and the maintenance of healthy skin, eyes, and nerves.
- (C) Niacin: This is Vitamin B3, which helps in DNA repair, skin health, and digestion.
- (D) Folic acid: This is Vitamin B9, essential for cell division and the formation of red blood cells.

Step 3: Conclusion.

Vitamin B1 is known as thiamine, so the correct answer is (A). Quick Tip: Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is found in whole grains, legumes, and pork, and is vital for energy production and nerve health.

Step 1: Role of Calcium in Bone Health.

Calcium is a vital mineral for bone strength and health. It is the primary component of bone tissue, contributing to bone density and structure. Adequate calcium intake is essential for maintaining strong bones, especially during childhood and old age.

Step 2: Why Other Options Are Incorrect.

- (A) Iron element: Iron is essential for oxygen transport in the blood but does not contribute to bone strength.
- (B) Protein: While protein is important for overall body health and muscle development, calcium is the key element for bone strength.
- (D) Sodium: Sodium helps regulate fluid balance but does not directly impact bone strength.

Step 3: Conclusion.

The strength of bones is primarily due to calcium, making (C) the correct answer. Quick Tip: To maintain bone health, consume calcium-rich foods like dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods, and ensure adequate Vitamin D for calcium absorption.

The main purpose of preparing a budget is to manage finances, track income and expenses, and allocate resources effectively for financial goals. Quick Tip: A well-prepared budget helps avoid overspending, ensures financial stability, and allows for goal-oriented savings and investments.

Causes of environmental pollution include industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, deforestation, improper waste disposal, and the burning of fossil fuels. Quick Tip: Reducing waste, using renewable energy, and adopting green technologies can help prevent environmental pollution and protect natural resources.

There are two types of cheques: open cheques (payable to anyone) and crossed cheques (payable to a bank account holder). Quick Tip: Crossed cheques are safer as they ensure that payment is directly deposited into the bank account, minimizing the risk of theft.

Symptoms of a sprain include pain, swelling, bruising, limited mobility, and tenderness around the affected joint, caused by overstretched ligaments. Quick Tip: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E) are key treatments for sprains that help reduce swelling and pain.

Immunity is the body’s ability to resist or fight infections through the immune system, using antibodies and specialized cells to neutralize pathogens. Quick Tip: A healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition, sleep, and regular exercise boosts the immune system and helps defend against infections.

Food poisoning is caused by consuming contaminated food with bacteria, viruses, or toxins, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Quick Tip: Proper food handling, cooking, and storage practices reduce the risk of food poisoning and ensure food safety.

Sewing clothes at home offers cost savings, customization, creative expression, and the ability to repair or alter garments as needed. Quick Tip: Sewing clothes allows for personalization and ensures better fit, helping to save money while developing a useful and creative skill.

Water functions in hydration, digestion, temperature regulation, nutrient transport, waste removal, and maintaining cellular structure and function. Quick Tip: Drink enough water daily to stay hydrated, as water is essential for nearly every bodily function, from digestion to detoxification.

Plantation helps improve air quality, prevent soil erosion, increase biodiversity, provide food and shelter, and combat climate change. Quick Tip: Planting trees and vegetation not only helps in environmental conservation but also provides social and economic benefits, such as reducing pollution.

There are many types of scissors, including fabric, paper, and embroidery scissors. They are used for cutting materials like fabric, paper, and thread. Quick Tip: Using the right type of scissors for a specific material helps improve cutting precision and prolongs the tool's lifespan.

A pressure cooker cooks food faster by trapping steam and increasing pressure, which raises the boiling point, allowing for quicker cooking. Quick Tip: Pressure cookers save energy and time while retaining nutrients in food, making them a useful tool for efficient cooking.

A fracture is a break in the bone caused by trauma, stress, or diseases like osteoporosis. There are two main types: closed fractures (no skin break) and open fractures (bone pierces the skin). Treatment includes immobilization using casts or splints, pain management, and sometimes surgical intervention. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are essential for recovery. Quick Tip: To prevent fractures, maintain a healthy diet with adequate calcium and Vitamin D, and practice safety to avoid accidents.

The main organs of the respiratory system include the nose, trachea, lungs, bronchi, and alveoli. The nose filters and moistens air; the trachea conducts air to the lungs; the bronchi further divide into smaller bronchioles within the lungs, ending in alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is expelled. Quick Tip: Deep breathing exercises help maintain lung health and can improve oxygen absorption. Regular exercise strengthens respiratory muscles.

Family savings refer to money set aside by a household for future use, such as emergencies, education, or retirement. Sources for keeping savings safe include savings accounts, fixed deposits, mutual funds, government bonds, and life insurance. A savings account is a common and safe source. It offers interest and ensures easy access to funds while maintaining security. Quick Tip: Always choose savings options that align with your financial goals. Higher returns often come with higher risks.

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, forming H₂O. It is essential for life, involved in numerous biological processes. Water purification methods include boiling, filtration, chlorination, and using UV light. Boiling kills pathogens, while filtration removes impurities like dirt and chemicals. Chlorination adds disinfectants to kill germs, and UV light destroys harmful microorganisms without chemicals. Quick Tip: Boiling is the simplest method to purify water. For safe drinking, ensure water is clean, free from contaminants, and properly stored.

Natural respiration is the process of breathing, involving the intake of oxygen and expulsion of carbon dioxide. It occurs automatically through the lungs and is controlled by the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles. Artificial respiration is a method used when natural respiration fails, like in cases of drowning or cardiac arrest. It involves manually forcing air into the lungs to maintain oxygen flow. Quick Tip: In emergencies, knowing basic CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and artificial respiration techniques can save lives.